List of United States state legislatures

US state governments (governor and legislature) by party control

Democratic control

Republican control

Split control

This is a list of United States state legislatures. Each state in the United States has a legislature as part of its form of civil government. Most of the fundamental details of the legislature are specified in the state constitution. With the exception of Nebraska, all state legislatures are bicameral bodies, composed of a lower house (Assembly, General Assembly, State Assembly, House of Delegates, or House of Representatives) and an upper house (Senate). The United States also has one federal district and five non-state territories with local legislative branches, which are listed below. Among the states, the Nebraska Legislature is the only state with a unicameral body. However, three other jurisdictions – the District of Columbia, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands – also have unicameral bodies.

The exact names, dates, term lengths, term limits, electoral systems, electoral districts, and other details are determined by the individual states' laws.

Party summary

Party control of legislatures
Republican	30
Democratic	17
Split^[1]	3
Total	50

US state legislatures by party control

Democratic control

Republican control

Split control

Note: A party with a numerical majority in a chamber may be forced to share power with other parties due to informal coalitions or may cede power outright because of divisions within its caucus.

Party control of state governments
Republican trifecta	23
Democratic trifecta	14
Democratic governor/Republican legislature	7
Republican governor/Democratic legislature	3
Democratic governor/Split legislature	1
Republican governor/Split legislature	2
Total	50

Statistics

State legislators by party

As of January 29, 2021^[update]

Party	Lower house^[2]	Upper house^[3]	Total
Republican (R)	2,905 (53.42%)	1,106 (56.09%)	4,011 (54.08%)
Democratic (D)	2,476 (45.53%)	853 (43.26%)	3,312 (44.93%)
Independent (I)^†	24 (0.44%)	5 (0.25%)	29 (0.39%)
Others^&	8 (0.15%)	2 (0.1%)	10 (0.12%)
Progressive [VT] (P)	7 (0.13%)	2 (0.1%)	9 (0.12%)
Libertarian (L)	2 (0.04%)	0 (0%)	2 (0.03%)
Vacant	16 (0.29%)	4 (0.2%)	20 (0.27%)
Total	5,438	1,972	7,410

^† Includes legislators who are listed officially as unaffiliated, unenrolled, nonpartisan, etc.
^& Includes legislators who are from a party and don't caucus with the party.

State legislatures

State	State executive	Legislature name	Lower house				Upper house
State	State executive	Legislature name	Name	Size^[4]	Party strength	Term (yrs.)	Name	Size^[4]	Party strength	Term (yrs.)
Alabama	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	105	R 77–27, 1 Vacant	4	Senate	35	R 27–8	4
Alaska	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	40	D 15/R-C 2/Ind. 4, R 18/NCR 1	2	Senate	20	R 13–7	4
Arizona	Governor	State Legislature	House of Representatives	60	R 30–28, 2 Vacant	2	Senate	30	R 16–14	2
Arkansas	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	100	R 76–24	2	Senate	35	R 28–7	4
California	Governor	State Legislature^{[nb 1]}	State Assembly	80	D 59–19, 1 Ind, 1 Vacant	2	State Senate	40	D 31–9	4
Colorado	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	65	D 41–24	2	Senate	35	D 21–14	4
Connecticut	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	151	D 97–54	2	Senate	36	D 24–12	2
Delaware	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	41	D 26–15	2	Senate	21	D 14–7	4
Florida	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	120	R 78–42	2	Senate	40	R 24–16	4
Georgia	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	180	R 103–76, 1 Vacant	2	State Senate	56	R 34–22	2
Hawaii	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	51	D 47–4	2	Senate	25	D 24–1	4
Idaho	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	70	R 58–12	2	Senate	35	R 28–7	2
Illinois	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	118	D 73–45	2	Senate	59	D 41–18	2 or 4
Indiana	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	100	R 71–29	2	Senate	50	R 38–11, 1 Vacant	4
Iowa	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	100	R 59–41	2	Senate	50	R 32–18	4
Kansas	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	125	R 86–38, 1 Ind	2	Senate	40	R 29–11	4
Kentucky	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	100	R 75–25	2	Senate	38	R 30–8	4
Louisiana	Governor	Legislature^{[nb 2]}	House of Representatives	105	R 66–35, 2 Ind, 2 Vacant	4	State Senate	39	R 27–12	4
Maine	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	151	D 80–66, 4 Ind, 1 Lib^{[nb 3]}	2	Senate	35	D 21–14	2
Maryland	Governor	General Assembly	House of Delegates	141	D 99–42	4	Senate	47	D 32–15	4
Massachusetts	Governor	General Court	House of Representatives	160	D 129–29, 1 Ind, 1 Vacant	2	Senate	40	D 36–3, 1 Vacant	2
Michigan	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	110	R 58–52	2	Senate	38	R 20–16, 2 Vacant	4
Minnesota	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	134	D 70–64	2	Senate	67	R 34–31, 2 Ind	2, 4, 4
Mississippi	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	122	R 74–46, 1 Ind, 2 Vacant	4	State Senate	52	R 34-16, 2 Vacant	4
Missouri	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	163	R 114–49	2	Senate	34	R 24–10	4
Montana	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	100	R 67–33	2	Senate	50	R 31–18, 1 Vacant	4
Nebraska	Governor	Legislature	(Unicameral)				Legislature^{[nb 4]}	49	R 30–19^{[nb 5]}	4
Nevada	Governor	Legislature	Assembly	42	D 26–16	2	Senate	21	D 12–9	4
New Hampshire	Governor	General Court	House of Representatives	400	R 212–187, 1 Vacant	2	Senate	24	R 14–10	2
New Jersey	Governor	Legislature	General Assembly	80	D 52–28	2	Senate	40	D 25–15	2, 4, 4
New Mexico	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	70	D 44–25, 1 Ind	2	Senate	42	D 26–15-1	4
New York	Governor	State Legislature	State Assembly	150	D 106–43, 1 Ind	2	State Senate	63	D 43–20	2
North Carolina	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	120	R 69–51	2	Senate	50	R 28–22	2
North Dakota	Governor	Legislative Assembly	House of Representatives	94	R 80–14	4	Senate	47	R 40-7	4
Ohio	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	99	R 64–35	2	Senate	33	R 25–8	4
Oklahoma	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	101	R 82–19	2	Senate	48	R 39–9	4
Oregon	Governor	Legislative Assembly	House of Representatives	60	D 37–23	2	Senate	30	D 18–12	4
Pennsylvania	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	203	R 112–90, 1 Vacant	2	State Senate	50	R 27–21, 1 Ind, 1 Vacant	4
Rhode Island	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	75	D 65–10	2	Senate	38	D 33–5	2
South Carolina	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	124	R 81–43	2	Senate	46	R 30–16	4
South Dakota	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	70	R 62–8	2	Senate	35	R 32–3	2
Tennessee	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	99	R 73–26	2	Senate	33	R 27–5, 1 Vacant	4
Texas	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	150	R 85–65	2	Senate	31	R 18–13	4
Utah	Governor	State Legislature^{[nb 6]}	House of Representatives	75	R 58–17	2	State Senate	29	R 23–6	4
Vermont	Governor	General Assembly	House of Representatives	150	D 92–47, 7 Prog, 4 Ind	2	Senate	30	D 21–7, 2 Prog	2
Virginia	Governor	General Assembly	House of Delegates	100	R 52–48	2	Senate	40	D 21–19	4
Washington	Governor	State Legislature^{[nb 7]}	House of Representatives	98	D 57–41	2	State Senate	49	D 28–21^{[nb 8]}	4
West Virginia	Governor	Legislature	House of Delegates	100	R 78–22	2	Senate	34	R 23–11	4
Wisconsin	Governor	State Legislature	State Assembly	99	R 61–38	2	State Senate	33	R 21–12	4
Wyoming	Governor	Legislature	House of Representatives	60	R 51–7, 1 Ind, 1 Lib	2	Senate	30	R 28–2	4

Federal district and territorial legislatures

Federal district or territory	Governor	Name	Lower house				Upper house
Federal district or territory	Governor	Name	Name	Size^[4]	Party strength	Term (years)	Name	Size^[4]	Party strength	Term (years)
American Samoa	Governor	Fono	House of Representatives	21	NP 20 (+ NV 1)	2	Senate	18	NP 18	4
District of Columbia	Mayor	Council	(Unicameral)				Council	13	D 11–0, 2 I	4
Guam	Governor	Legislature	(Unicameral)				Legislature	15	D 8–7	2
Northern Mariana Islands	Governor	Commonwealth Legislature	House of Representatives	20	D 8–8, 3 I, 1 vacant	2	Senate	9	R 5–1, 3 I	4
Puerto Rico	Governor	Legislative Assembly	House of Representatives	51	PPD 26–21, 2 MVC, 1 PIP, 1 PD^{[nb 9]}	4	Senate	27	PPD 13–9, 2 MVC, 1 PIP, 1 PD, 1 I	4
United States Virgin Islands	Governor	Legislature	(Unicameral)				Legislature	15	D 10–0, 5 I	2

Total	189
Popular Democratic (PPD) legislators	39
Democratic (D) legislators	38
New Progressive (PNP) legislators	30
Republican (R) legislators	21
Citizen's Victory Movement (MVC) legislators	4
Puerto Rican Independence (PIP) legislators	2
Project Dignity (PD) legislators	2
Independent (I) and nonpartisan (NP) legislators	52
Non-voting (NV) delegate (Swains Island)	1

Notes

^ The Constitution of California names it the "California Legislature", but the Legislature brands itself as the “California State Legislature”.
^ The Constitution of Louisiana vests legislative authority in "a legislature, consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives," and refers to it as "the legislature" throughout, without officially designating a term for the two houses together. However, the two bodies do use the term "Louisiana State Legislature" in official references to itself.
^ There are 3 additional non-voting seats allocated to sovereign tribal nations within Maine. Since 2018, only one seat (belonging to the Passamaquoddy) is filled; the tribal representavtive is a Democrat but is not counted in this total.
^ When Nebraska switched to a unicameral legislature in 1937, the lower house was abolished. All current Nebraskan legislators are referred to as “Senators”, as the pre-1937 senate was the retained house.
^ Nebraska's legislature is de jure nonpartisan but senators' political affiliations are publicly known and voting often happens along party lines; the de facto composition is given here.
^ The Constitution of Utah names it the "Legislature of the State of Utah", but the Legislature brands itself as the "Utah State Legislature".
^ The Constitution of Washington names it "the legislature of the state of Washington", but the Legislature brands itself as the "Washington State Legislature".
^ One conservative Democrat, Tim Sheldon, caucuses as part of the Republican minority
^ The ruling parties of Puerto Rico are separate from the Republican and Democratic parties.

References

^ “Split” in the sense that each of the two chambers are controlled by a different party (e.g., a Democratic Senate and Republican House) or one chamber is evenly split between parties and thus "hung". The Nebraska legislature is nonpartisan, and although the majority of members are registered members of the Republican Party, Nebraska's lack of formal party structure within its rules means that no single political party controls the Nebraska Legislature to the extent that political parties often control legislative bodies in other US states. However, for the general purposes of this information, understanding the Nebraska Legislature to be Republican-controlled is a merited oversimplification.
^ "Partisan composition of state houses". Ballotpedia. Retrieved January 29, 2021.
^ "Partisan composition of state senates". Ballotpedia. Retrieved October 1, 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d The Book of the States (53 ed.). The Council of State Governments. January 7, 2022. Retrieved July 10, 2022.

External links

National Conference of State Legislatures

[5] The Constitution of California names it the "California Legislature", but the Legislature brands itself as the “California State Legislature”.

[6] The Constitution of Louisiana vests legislative authority in "a legislature, consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives," and refers to it as "the legislature" throughout, without officially designating a term for the two houses together. However, the two bodies do use the term "Louisiana State Legislature" in official references to itself.

[7] There are 3 additional non-voting seats allocated to sovereign tribal nations within Maine. Since 2018, only one seat (belonging to the Passamaquoddy) is filled; the tribal representavtive is a Democrat but is not counted in this total.

[8] When Nebraska switched to a unicameral legislature in 1937, the lower house was abolished. All current Nebraskan legislators are referred to as “Senators”, as the pre-1937 senate was the retained house.

[9] Nebraska's legislature is de jure nonpartisan but senators' political affiliations are publicly known and voting often happens along party lines; the de facto composition is given here.

[10] The Constitution of Utah names it the "Legislature of the State of Utah", but the Legislature brands itself as the "Utah State Legislature".

[11] The Constitution of Washington names it "the legislature of the state of Washington", but the Legislature brands itself as the "Washington State Legislature".

[12] One conservative Democrat, Tim Sheldon, caucuses as part of the Republican minority

[13] The ruling parties of Puerto Rico are separate from the Republican and Democratic parties.

[1] “Split” in the sense that each of the two chambers are controlled by a different party (e.g., a Democratic Senate and Republican House) or one chamber is evenly split between parties and thus "hung". The Nebraska legislature is nonpartisan, and although the majority of members are registered members of the Republican Party, Nebraska's lack of formal party structure within its rules means that no single political party controls the Nebraska Legislature to the extent that political parties often control legislative bodies in other US states. However, for the general purposes of this information, understanding the Nebraska Legislature to be Republican-controlled is a merited oversimplification.

[2] "Partisan composition of state houses". Ballotpedia. Retrieved January 29, 2021.

[3] "Partisan composition of state senates". Ballotpedia. Retrieved October 1, 2017.

[Book_of_the_States-4] The Book of the States (53 ed.). The Council of State Governments. January 7, 2022. Retrieved July 10, 2022.

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