2022 monkeypox outbreak in Colombia

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2022 monkeypox outbreak in Colombia
2022 monkeypox outbreak cases in Colombia.svg
Confirmed and suspected cases by department.
DiseaseMonkeypox
Virus strainMonkeypox virus
(West African clade)
LocationColombia
Index caseBogotá
Arrival dateJune 23, 2022 (2022-06-23)–present (2 years, 1 month, 1 week and 4 days)[1]
DateAs of 15 August 2022
Confirmed cases938[2]
Recovered41
Government website
National Health Institute Page (in Spanish)

The 2022 monkeypox outbreak in Colombia is a part of the outbreak of human monkeypox caused by the West African clade of the monkeypox virus. The outbreak reached Colombia on 23 June 2022.[1]

Background

These paragraphs are an excerpt from Monkeypox and 2022 monkeypox outbreak.

Monkeypox is an infectious viral disease that can occur in humans and some other animals.[3] Symptoms include fever, swollen lymph nodes, and a rash that forms blisters and then crusts over.[3] The time from exposure to onset of symptoms ranges from five to twenty-one days.[4][5] The duration of symptoms is typically two to four weeks.[5] There may be mild symptoms, and it may occur without any symptoms being known.[4][6] The classic presentation of fever and muscle pains, followed by swollen glands, with lesions all at the same stage, has not been found to be common to all outbreaks.[3][7] Cases may be severe, especially in children, pregnant women or people with suppressed immune systems.[8]

The disease is caused by the monkeypox virus, a zoonotic virus in the genus Orthopoxvirus.[9] The variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox, is also in this genus.[10] Of the two types in humans, clade II (formerly West African clade)[11] causes a less severe disease than the Central African (Congo basin) type.[12] It may spread from infected animals by handling infected meat or via bites or scratches.[13] Human-to-human transmission can occur through exposure to infected body fluids or contaminated objects, by small droplets, and possibly through the airborne route.[3][13] People can spread the virus from the onset of symptoms until all the lesions have scabbed and fallen off; with some evidence of spread for more than a week after lesions have crusted.[12] Diagnosis can be confirmed by testing a lesion for the virus's DNA.[14]

There is no known cure.[15] A study in 1988 found that the smallpox vaccine was around 85% protective in preventing infection in close contacts and in lessening the severity of the disease.[16] A newer smallpox and monkeypox vaccine based on modified vaccinia Ankara has been approved, but with limited availability.[4] Other measures include regular hand washing and avoiding sick people and animals.[17] Antiviral drugs, cidofovir and tecovirimat, vaccinia immune globulin and the smallpox vaccine may be used during outbreaks.[18][19] The illness is usually mild and most of those infected will recover within a few weeks without treatment.[19] Estimates of the risk of death vary from 1% to 10%, although few deaths as a consequence of monkeypox have been recorded since 2017.[20]

An ongoing outbreak of monkeypox, a viral disease, was confirmed in May 2022.[21] The initial cluster of cases was found in the United Kingdom,[22] where the first case was detected in London on 6 May 2022[23] in a patient with a recent travel history from Nigeria (where the disease is endemic).[24] On 16 May, the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) confirmed 4 new cases with no link to travel to a country where monkeypox is endemic. All four cases appeared to have been infected in London.[25] From 18 May onwards, cases were reported from an increasing number of countries and regions, predominantly in Europe but also in North and South America, in Asia, in Africa, and in Oceania.[32] The outbreak marks the first time monkeypox has spread widely outside Central and West Africa.

On 23 July, the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO), Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC).[33] As of 15 October, there had been a total of 73,087 confirmed cases in over 109 countries.[34][35]

History

May 2022

As of May, the Colombian Ministry of Health was taking follow-up and control measures. The Director of Epidemiology and Demography of the Ministry of Health, Claudia Cuellar, informed the Colombian population about how monkeypox is spread through people, and she spoke about the clinical presentation of the virus and international health regulations.[36] Health authorities in the Department of Norte de Santander have been on alert, since the department is a border area where people pass between Colombia and Venezuela.[37]

June 2022

On June 23, 2022, the Colombian Ministry of Health confirmed three cases of monkeypox, specifically two in the city of Bogotá and one in Medellín.[38] The two cases reported in Bogota were of people who had traveled to Europe.[39] The first case identified in Medellin was a person who had been infected while traveling to the European city of Barcelona in Spain.[40]

July 2022

On July 8, the National Institute of Health confirmed a new case of the disease in Bogota from a person who had been in contact with an infected person from Italy when they had traveled to Europe.[41] On July 23, following the follow-up of several cases, health authorities began an extensive surveillance phase.[42] On the same day, the National Institute of Health confirmed that the number of cases in the country reached 10.[43] On July 25, the first case of a person who had been in Argentina was reported in the department of Cundinamarca, specifically in the municipality of Cajicá.[44] On July 29, the first case was detected in Pereira, capital of the department of Risaralda.[45] On July 30, the National Institute of Health confirmed the first case in the department of Valle del Cauca, specifically in the city of Cartago located in the north of the department.[46]

August 2022

On August 1st, the Mayor's Office of Cali City opened a hotline to receive information when a person reports suspected cases of this disease.[47] On August 3, the first case was confirmed in the Department of La Guajira of a man who had traveled to Bogotá.[48] The case was detected in the municipality of Albania, which is located in the center of the department.[49] After the first case was detected in La Guajira, health authorities in the neighboring department of Cesar increased their alert. The department's health secretary, Guillermo Girón, indicated that prevention measures should be increased due to the proximity to La Guajira.[50] On August 4, the first case was confirmed in the city of Bucaramanga, capital of the department of Santander.[51] On the same day, the first case was registered in the department of Tolima, specifically in the capital city of Ibagué, of a person who had traveled to the United States.[52] On August 5, the first case was confirmed in the capital of the department of Bolívar, Cartagena.[53] On August 11, the first case of this disease was detected in Popayán, capital of the Cauca department.[54] On August 12, the first case of monkeypox in Riohacha, capital of La Guajira, was confirmed.[55] On August 15, the first case was confirmed in the city of Cúcuta, capital of the department of Norte de Santander, in a man who had traveled to Mexico and the United States.[56] On the same day, the first case was reported in Barranquilla, capital city of the Atlántico department.[57] On August 16, the first case was reported in Cali, capital city of the Valle del Cauca department.[58] On August 17, the first case was confirmed in the capital of the department of Quindío, Armenia.[59] On August 20, the first case was reported in the city of Villavicencio, capital of the Meta department.[60] On August 31, the José María Córdova airport carried out the first simulation in the country in order to deal with contagions of the disease.[61] On August 26, the first one was confirmed in the department of Sucre, specifically in the municipality of Tolú in the western part of the department.[62] On August 29, the first case was confirmed in Tunja, capital of the department of Boyacá.[63]

September 2022

On September 7, the health authorities of the department of Cesar confirmed the first case in the department, specifically in Valledupar.[64] On September 9, the first case was confirmed in the capital of Putumayo, Mocoa, according to Adriana Medicis, health secretary of the departmental government, explained that the case was a person residing in Mocoa.[65] Also on the same day, the first case was confirmed in the city of Neiva, the capital of the Huila department.[66]

Vaccination

In August 2022, the Colombian government requested from the Pan American Health Organization the vaccines to immunize the country's population.[67][68] Doctor Gina Tambini, who is Colombia's representative for both the World Health Organization and the Pan American Health Organization, explained about the vaccination scheme that will be implemented in the country, which will first prioritize people who have presented symptoms of the disease or have been close to positive cases.[69]

Cumulative Case Progress

Confirmed new cases per day

Recoreved per day

By department

2022 monkeypox outbreak by department
Region INS[70] Press sources
Cases Cases Ref(s).
Colombia Colombia 938 933 —
Antioquia Department Antioquía 125 125[a] [71][72][73][74][75][76][77]
Atlántico Department Atlántico 7 7[b] [78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85]
Bogotá Bogotá 697 697 [86][87][88][89][2][77]
Boyacá Department Boyacá 1 1[c] [90]
Bolívar Department Bolívar 6 8[d] [91][92][93][53]
Caldas Department Caldas 2 2[e] [94][95]
Cauca Department Cauca 2 2[f] [73][54]
Cesar Department Cesar — 2[g] [96][97]
Cundinamarca Department Cundinamarca 21 21[h] [98][73][77]
Huila Department Huila 1 1[i] [66]
La Guajira Department La Guajira 2 2[j] [55][77]
Magdalena Department Magdalena 2 2[k] [99][100]
Meta Department Meta 3 2[l] [101][102]
Norte de Santander Department Norte de Santander 1 1[m] [103]
Quindío Department Quindío 2 2[n] [104][105]
Putumayo Department Putumayo — 1[o] [106]
Risaralda Department Risaralda 6 6[p] [107][108][109][73][110][77]
Santander Department Santander 8 8[q] [111][112][113][114][77]
Sucre Department Sucre 1 1[r] [115]
Tolima Department Tolima 14 14[s] [116][117][118][119][120][77]
Valle del Cauca Department Valle del Cauca 37 26[t] [121][122][123][124][77]
Updated: September 11, 2022 · History of cases: Colombia
  1. ^ 86 in Medellín and cases in Bello, Caldas, Copacabana, El Carmen de Viboral, Envigado, Girardota, Guarne, La Ceja y Sabaneta
  2. ^ 5 in Barranquilla, 1 in Soledad & 1 in Malambo
  3. ^ One in Tunja
  4. ^ 7 in Cartagena & 1 in Turbaco
  5. ^ 2 in Manizales
  6. ^ One in Popayán
  7. ^ 2 in Valledupar
  8. ^ One in Cajicá
  9. ^ One in Neiva
  10. ^ 1 in Riohacha & 1 in Albania
  11. ^ 1 in Santa Marta & 1 in Fundación
  12. ^ Two in Villavicencio
  13. ^ One in Cúcuta
  14. ^ One in Armenia
  15. ^ One in Mocoa
  16. ^ 6 in Pereira
  17. ^ 7 in Bucaramanga and 1 in Girón
  18. ^ One in Tolú
  19. ^ All confirmed cases are in Ibagué
  20. ^ 19 in Cali and 7 in other parts of the department

References

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External links

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