2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries
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First place by first-instance vote
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![]() 2024 U.S. presidential election | |
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The 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries and caucuses are a series of current electoral contests to indicate non-binding preferences for the Libertarian Party (LP) presidential nominee in the 2024 United States presidential election. These differ from the Republican or Democratic presidential primaries and caucuses in that they do not appoint delegates to represent a candidate at the party's convention to select the party's presidential nominee. The party's nominee will be chosen directly by registered delegates at the 2024 Libertarian National Convention, scheduled to take place from May 24 to 26, 2024 in Washington, D.C.[1][2]
Results
Legend: | 1st place (popular vote) |
2nd place (popular vote) |
3rd place (popular vote) |
Candidate has withdrawn |
Candidate unable to appear on ballot |
---|
Date | Contest | Candidates and results | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() Charles Ballay |
![]() Jacob Hornberger |
![]() Lars Mapstead |
![]() Chase Oliver |
![]() Michael Rectenwald |
![]() Joshua Smith |
File:Mike ter Maat Libertarian Candidate for President.jpg Mike ter Maat |
![]() Other |
![]() None of the Above | ||
January 13 | Arizona[3][c] | Not on ballot | 2nd | 5th | 1st | 3rd | 3rd | 5th | Not on ballot | 2 votes[d] |
January 15 | Iowa[4] | 0% 0 votes |
1.1% 1 vote |
1.1% 1 vote |
42.7% 38 votes |
16.9% 15 votes |
13.5% 12 votes |
13.5% 12 votes |
10.1% 9 votes[e] |
1.1% 1 vote |
February 3 | Alabama[5][c] | 4th | 6th | 3rd | 5th | 1st | Not on ballot | 2nd | 6th[f] | Not on ballot |
February 24 | Mississippi[6] | 0% 0 votes |
11.8% 2 votes |
29.4% 5 votes |
11.8% 2 votes |
41.2% 7 votes |
0% 0 votes |
0% 0 votes |
0% 0 votes |
5.9% 1 vote |
February 27 | Minnesota[7] | 2.3% 1 vote |
14.0% 6 votes |
0% 0 votes |
23.3% 10 votes |
20.9% 9 votes |
30.2% 13 votes |
4.7% 2 votes |
2.3% 1 vote[g] |
2.3% 1 vote |
March 2 | Indiana[8] | Not on ballot | 4.0% 4 votes |
13.9% 14 votes |
62.4% 63 votes |
5.9% 6 votes |
4.0% 4 votes |
6.9% 7 votes |
Not on ballot | 3.0% 3 votes |
Pennsylvania[9] | 2.2% 3 votes |
4.4% 6 votes |
0.1% 1 vote[h] |
19.0% 26 votes |
22.6% 31 votes |
16.1% 22 votes |
28.5% 39 votes |
6.6% 10 votes[i] |
Not on ballot | |
March 5 | North Carolina[10] | 3.6% 183 votes |
7.0% 357 votes |
3.5% 176 votes |
13.3% 676 votes |
3.8% 195 votes |
7.0% 354 votes |
2.7% 137 votes |
18.7% 946 votes[j] |
40.5% 2,058 votes[k] |
California[11] incomplete results, write-in votes not yet tabulated |
100% 21,752 votes |
Not on ballot | TBD[l] | Not on ballot | ||||||
Oklahoma[13] | Not on ballot | 38.9% 362 votes |
Not on ballot | 61.1% 569 votes |
Not on ballot | |||||
Massachusetts[14] | Not on ballot | 11.0% 1,089 votes |
4.0% 399 votes |
14.6% 1,453 votes |
5.5% 546 votes |
Not on ballot | 3.2% 314 votes |
21.7% 2,161 votes[m] |
40.0% 3,982 votes | |
Totals as of March 21 (IA, MS, MN, IN, PA, NC, CA, OK, MA) |
57.6% 21,939 votes |
4.8% 1,827 votes |
1.6% 596 votes |
7.4% 2,837 votes |
2.1% 809 votes |
1.1% 405 votes |
1.3% 511 votes |
8.2% 3,127 votes[n] |
15.9% 6,046 votes | |
May 14 | Nebraska | TBD | Not on ballot | TBD | Not on ballot | |||||
June 4 | New Mexico | Not on ballot | TBD | Not on ballot |
Candidates
Major candidates
As of March 2024, at least 35 candidates have filed with the Federal Election Commission to run for the Libertarian Party presidential nomination in 2024.[15]
Declared candidates
This section includes declared candidates who have filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission with intent to run under the Libertarian Party and who meet one or more of the following criteria: a) meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines; b) have participated in at least three Libertarian Party-sponsored debates or c) have received non-trivial media coverage as a candidate in this election cycle.
Name | Born | Experience | Home state | Campaign Announcement date |
Contests won |
Popular vote |
Ref. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() Charles Ballay |
January 1, 1970 (age 54) New Orleans, Louisiana |
Otolaryngologist | ![]() Louisiana |
![]() Website August 24, 2023 FEC filing[16] |
1 (CA) |
21,880 (57.5%) | [17] | |||
![]() Jacob Hornberger |
January 28, 1950 (age 74) Laredo, Texas |
Founder and President of the Future of Freedom Foundation Independent candidate for U.S. Senate from Virginia in 2002 Candidate for President in 2000 and 2020 |
![]() Virginia |
![]() Website February 20, 2023 FEC filing[18] |
0 | 1,827 (4.8%) | [19] | |||
August 14, 1969 (age 55) Monterey, California |
Co-founder of Friend Finder Networks Founder of Fupa Games and Legendary Speed[20] |
California | ![]() Website March 23, 2021 FEC filing[21] |
0 | 596 (1.6%) | [22] | ||||
![]() Chase Oliver |
August 16, 1985 (age 39) Nashville, Tennessee |
Nominee for U.S. Senator from Georgia in 2022 Candidate for GA-05 in 2020 Chair of the Atlanta Libertarian Party (2016–2017) |
Georgia | ![]() Website April 5, 2023 FEC filing[23] |
4 (IA, IN, AZ, OK) |
2,837 (7.5%) | [24] | |||
![]() Art Olivier |
August 24, 1957 (age 66) Lynwood, California |
Nominee for U.S. Vice President in 2000 Nominee for Governor of California in 2006 Mayor of Bellflower, California (1998–1999) |
California | ![]() Website December 11, 2023 FEC filing[25] |
0 | 5 (nil%) | [26] | |||
![]() Michael Rectenwald |
January 29, 1959 (age 65) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |
Author and Scholar Former New York University professor (2008–2019) |
Pennsylvania | ![]() Website August 28, 2023 FEC filing[27] |
2 (MS, AL) |
809 (2.1%) | [19] | |||
March 13, 1983 (age 41) Antioch, California |
Vice Chair of the Libertarian National Committee (2022–2023) |
Iowa | ![]() Website July 24, 2023 FEC filing[28] |
1 (MN) |
405 (1.1%) | [19] | ||||
File:Mike ter Maat Libertarian Candidate for President.jpg Mike ter Maat |
June 20, 1961 (age 63) Portland, Oregon |
Economist Former Hallandale Beach, Florida police officer Nominee for FL-20 in 2022 |
Virginia | ![]() Website April 18, 2022 FEC filing[29] |
1 (PA) |
511 (1.3%) | [22] | |||
Alternate ballot options: | ||||||||||
No preference/ None of the above/ Uncommitted |
N/A | 2 (NC, MA) |
6,046 (15.9%) | [10] |
Withdrew before the primaries
Name | Born | Experience | Home state | Campaign announced |
Campaign suspended |
Campaign | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() Joe Exotic |
March 5, 1963 (age 61) Garden City, Kansas |
Businessman and media personality Owner of the Greater Wynnewood Exotic Animal Park (1998–2018) Independent candidate for president in 2016 Candidate for Governor of Oklahoma in 2018 |
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March 10, 2023 | April 11, 2023 (running for the Democratic nomination)[30] |
![]() Website FEC filing[31] |
[32] |
Other candidates
The following candidates have achieved at least one of the following: appeared on a primary ballot, received votes in a LP-sanctioned contest that did not require ballot access, or were invited to a party-sanctioned debate or forum.
LNC delegates are not bound to votes in primary elections, so while voters are able choose a candidate, it has no direct effect on the nominee selection at the party's nominating Convention.[33]
- On the ballot/received votes in multiple states
- On the ballot/received votes in one state
- "TowerGang" Toad Anderson (NC)[17]
- David "TrimeTaveler" Dunlap (NC) from Florida[17][37]
- Beau Lindsey (NC), "anonymous candidate" from Tennessee[17][38][39]
- Robert Sansone (IA), Air Force veteran and government contractor from Colorado[40]
- Mario Perales (IA), self-described alien hunter and convicted felon from Iowa[41][42][43]
- David Reed DeSilva III of Arizona (MN)[44]
- On the ballot/received votes in no states
Publicly expressed interest
As of March 2024[update], the following notable individuals have - within the previous six months - expressed an interest in running for the Libertarian presidential nomination.
- Robert F. Kennedy Jr., environmental lawyer and founder of Children's Health Defense (previously ran for the Democratic nomination; currently running as an independent)[47][48]
Declined to be candidates
The following notable individuals have been the subject of speculation about their possible candidacy but have publicly denied interest in running.
- Justin Amash, former United States Representative from MI-03 (2011–2021), member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the 72nd district (2009–2011) (running for U.S. Senate as a Republican)[19][49]
- Vivek Ramaswamy, executive chairman of Strive Asset Management (2022–2023) and CEO of Roivant Sciences (2014–2021) (ran as a Republican; endorsed Trump)[50][51]
- Dave Smith, stand-up comedian, libertarian political commentator, and podcaster[52][53] (endorsed Rectenwald)[54]
- Vermin Supreme, performance artist, activist, political satirist, perennial candidate, and candidate for the 2020 Libertarian presidential nomination (ran for the Democratic and Legal Marijuana Now nominations) [55][56]
Former potential candidates
The following notable individuals have previously shown interest in or have been speculated to be seeking the Libertarian presidential nomination, but as of March 2024, there has been no reliable media coverage of them doing so in the previous six months.
- Spike Cohen, political activist, entrepreneur, podcaster, and Libertarian vice presidential nominee in 2020[19]
- Chris Fronzak, lead musician for Attila[57]
Endorsements
- State officials
- Andrew Napolitano, former Judge of the New Jersey Superior Court (1987–1995)[54]
- Notable individuals
- Per Bylund, author and professor at the University of Oklahoma[54]
- Jeff Deist, former president of the Mises Institute and economist[54]
- Gene Epstein, economist[54]
- Jessica Fenske, candidate for Arvada, Colorado City Council in 2023[54]
- Keith Knight, Writer for The Libertarian Institute[54]
- Dave Smith, stand-up comedian, podcaster, and libertarian political commentator[54]
- Maj Toure, libertarian political activist and rapper[54] (Independent)
Timeline
![](/images/timeline/i5qh3q0asj5alo4026y8z8qkkgpnrnp.png)
Active campaign | Withdrawn candidate | ||
Midterm elections | Libertarian National Convention |
Debates and forums
Debates
The following table lists debates which are sponsored by an affiliate of the Libertarian Party.
Candidate | Debates |
---|---|
ter Maat | 17 |
Hornberger | 16 |
Oliver | 16 |
Mapstead | 14 |
Rectenwald | 13 |
Smith | 8 |
Ballay | 7 |
Olivier | 4 |
Collins Jr. | 2 |
Anderson | 1 |
Forums
Date | Place | Host | Participants | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P Participant. A Absent. O Out of race (exploring, suspended, or not yet entered) | Ballay | Hornberger | Mapstead | Oliver | Olivier | Rectenwald | Smith | Maat | Others | ||
February 15, 2023[88] | Online | Larry Sharpe | O | O | P | P[aj] | O | O | O | P | P[ak] |
March 26, 2023[89] | Unknown, Washington | Libertarian Party of Washington | O | A | A | P[al] | O | O | O | P | A |
April 26, 2023[45] | Online | Larry Sharpe | O | A[am] | P | P | O | O | O | P | P[an] |
June 24, 2023[91] | Lancaster, New Hampshire | PorcFest | O | A | P | A | O | O | O | P | A |
October 21, 2023[92] | Jacksonville, Florida | Libertarian Party of Duval County | A | A | P | P | O | P | P | P | A |
December 10, 2023[93] | Unknown, New Jersey | Libertarian Party of New Jersey | A | P | A | A | O | P | A | P | A |
Primary election polling
State polling
Poll source | Sample size | Date(s) | Hornberger | Mapstead | Oliver | Rectenwald | ter Maat | Others |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Iowa State Fair Presidential Straw Poll[94] | 143 | August 21, 2023 | 4% | 2% | 19% | 3% | 74%[ao] | |
Suffolk University Massachusetts Poll[95] | 10 | February 2, 2024 - February 5, 2024 | 10% | 0% | 10% | 0% | 0% | 70%[ap] |
Campaign finance
According to campaign finance laws, an individual must begin filing reports once they raise or spend more than $5,000. This fundraising table includes money raised and spent as of June 30, 2023. As Smith had not officially announced his campaign as of that date, he has not reported any fundraising. Fundraising reports for the third quarter must be filed by October 15, 2023.[96]
Candidate | Total raised | Total raised since last quarter |
Individual contributions | Debt | Spent | Spent since last quarter |
COH | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Unitemized | Pct | |||||||
Hornberger[97] | $30,386 | $12,870 | $30,361 | $1,611 | 5.3% | $0 | $13,338 | $3,807 | $17,048 |
Mapstead[98] | $158,414 | $151,193 | $2,300 | $1,800 | 78.3% | $150,000 | $94,497 | $56,871 | $101,543 |
Oliver[99] | $24,164 | $5,432 | 22.5% | $0 | $24,058 | $106 | |||
Smith, Joshua | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | 0.0% | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
ter Maat[100] | $126,805 | $6,961 | $1,937 | 27.8% | $0 | $96,820 | $29,985 | ||
Exotic[101][aq] | $10,294 | 100.0% | $0 | $8,530 | $1,764 |
Schedule
Date | Primaries/caucuses | Ref |
---|---|---|
January 13 | Arizona convention | [3] |
January 15 | Iowa caucus | [102] |
February 3 | Alabama convention | [103] |
February 24 | Mississippi convention | [6] |
February 27 | Minnesota caucus | [104] |
March 2 | Indiana convention | [105] |
Pennsylvania convention | [106] | |
March 5 | California primary | [107] |
Oklahoma primary | [108] | |
Massachusetts primary | [109] | |
North Carolina primary | [110] | |
May 14 | Nebraska primary | [111] |
May 24–26 | Convention | |
June 4 | New Mexico primary | [112] |
Ballot access
The following is a table for which candidates have received ballot access in which states. indicates that the candidate was on the ballot for the primary contest,
indicates that the candidate was a recognized write-in candidate, and
indicates that the candidate did not appear on the ballot in that state's contest.
indicates that a candidate withdrew before the election but was still listed on the ballot. If a state does not appear in the table, the filing deadline in the state has not passed.
State | Date | Ballay | Hornberger | Mapstead | Oliver | Olivier | Rectenwald | Smith | ter Maat | Other | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AZ | Jan 13 | ![]() |
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[113] |
IA | Jan 15 | Ballot access not required | |||||||||
AL | Feb 3 | ![]() |
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[114] |
MS | Feb 24 | ![]() |
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[6] |
MN | Feb 27 | All FEC filed candidates qualified | [104] | ||||||||
IN | Mar 2 | ![]() |
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[115] |
PA | ![]() |
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[106] | |
MA | Mar 5 | ![]() |
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[116] |
NC | ![]() |
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[117] | |
CA | ![]() |
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[118][119] | |
OK | ![]() |
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[120] | |
NE | May 14 | ![]() |
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[121] |
NM | Jun 4 | ![]() |
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[122] |
See also
- Third party and independent candidates for the 2024 United States presidential election
- 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries
- 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries
- 2024 Green Party presidential primaries
- 2024 United States presidential election
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f Popular vote totals are incomplete as some contests do not report raw vote totals.
- ^ Includes ‘No Preference’ in North Carolina
- ^ Not included in popular vote total
- ^ 4 votes for Vivek Ramaswamy (Not a candidate), 2 votes for Robert Sansone, 2 votes for Mario Perales, 1 vote for Art Olivier
- ^ Joseph Collins Jr.
- ^ 1 vote for David Reed DeSilva III
- ^ As a write-in candidate
- ^ 4 votes for Art Olivier, 1 vote for Joseph Collins Jr., 2 write-in votes for Toad Anderson, 1 write-in vote for Dave Smith (not a candidate), and 1 write-in vote for Rowan Atkinson (not a candidate)
- ^ 464 votes (9.1%) for David (TrimeTaveler) Dunlap, 320 votes (6.3%) for Beau Lindsey, 162 votes (3.2%) for John “Toad” Anderson
- ^ Listed as No Preference
- ^ As a write-in candidate[12]
- ^ Scattered write-ins
- ^ 5.7% for Scattered write-ins, 1.2% for David "Trime Taveler" Dunlap, 0.9% for Beau Lindsey, 0.4% for John "Toad" Anderson, <0.1% for Art Olivier, Vivek Ramaswamy (ran as a Republican), Robert Sansone, Mario Perales, David Reed DeSilva III, Joseph Collins Jr., Dave Smith (not a candidate)
- ^ Participated in a virtual interview prior to the debate
- ^ Participated in a virtual interview prior to the debate
- ^ To qualify candidates needed to have raised $10,000 and to have campaigned in ten states[60]
- ^ Participated virtually
- ^ Was announced as a participant but did not attend
- ^ Was announced as a participant but did not attend
- ^ Was announced as a participant but did not attend
- ^ Toad Anderson
- ^ Joseph Collins Jr.
- ^ Only candidates on the ballot in Oklahoma were invited.[68]
- ^ David 'TrimeTaveler' Dunlap was advertised as a candidate but did not attend
- ^ Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (running as independent). Jill Stein (running for Green Party nomination) was advertised as a participant but did not attend
- ^ Cornel West (running as independent)
- ^ Joseph Collins Jr. was advertised as a participant but did not attend
- ^ Was advertised as a participant but did not attend
- ^ Joshua Rodriguez was advertised as a participant but did not attend
- ^ Was advertised as a participant but did not attend
- ^ Joseph Collins Jr.
Jill Stein (running for Green Party nomination) was advertised as a participant but did not attend - ^ Joseph Collins Jr., Brett Dillon (running as an Independent)
- ^ The four campaigns whose supporters raised the most money in the state's 'Vote with your dollars' campaign will qualify for the debate
- ^ Joseph Collins Jr.
- ^ Oliver was not officially in the race
- ^ Joshua Rodriguez
- ^ Oliver was not officially in the race
- ^ Invited but did not attend[90]
- ^ Joshua Rodriguez
- ^ Avouris 8%, Babicz 4%, Biondi 8%, DeLeon 2%, DeSilva 6%, Dunlap 4%, Ferry 4%, Gagnon 3%, Garcia 7%, Lee 1%, Rodriguez 1%, Stewart 6%, Vaught Jr. 1%, Wagner 19%
- ^ Undecided 70%
- ^ Note that this table also includes fundraising data from Exotic's campaign as a Democratic presidential candidate.
- ^ Joseph Collins Jr.
- ^ Joseph Collins Jr., write-ins were also counted
- ^ Joseph Collins Jr.
- ^ Toad Anderson, David "TrimeTaveler" Dunlap, Beau Lindsey
References
- ^ "2024 Libertarian National Convention" Archived February 24, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, LP.org.
- ^ Winger, Richard (July 22, 2022) "Libertarian Party Presidential Convention in 2024 Will be in Washington, D.C." Archived February 24, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, Ballot Access News.
- ^ a b "Arizona Straw Poll results".
- ^ Bunge, Mike (January 16, 2024). "Libertarian Party of Iowa announces the winner of its statewide Presidential caucus". KIMT. Allen Media Broadcasting. Archived from the original on January 16, 2024. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
- ^ "LP Alabama". Facebook. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- ^ a b c @LPMississippi (February 25, 2024). "The attendees of our annual convention in Flowood, MS, participated in the party's first presidential straw poll" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ "Results are in!".
- ^ "2024 LPIN Presidential Straw Poll Results".
- ^ "Straw Poll Results".
- ^ a b "03/05/2024 UNOFFICIAL PRIMARY ELECTION RESULTS - STATEWIDE", North Carolina State Board of Elections.
- ^ "California Presidential Primary Election Tuesday, March 5, 2024 Unofficial Election Results - President Libertarian - Statewide Results", California Secretary of State.
- ^ Weber, Shirley N. (February 3, 2024). "CERTIFIED LIST OF PRESIDENTIAL WRITE-IN CANDIDATES MARCH 5, 2024, PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARY ELECTION" (PDF). OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE STATE OF CALIFORNIA.
- ^ "Unofficial Results". results.okelections.us. Oklahoma State Election Board. Retrieved March 6, 2024.
- ^ "2024 President Libertarian Primary". Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved March 12, 2024.
- ^ "List of United States Presidential Candidates:Libertarian Party". FEC.gov. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
- ^ "FEC FORM 1 STATEMENT OF ORGANIZATION FILING FEC-1738636". Federal Election Commission. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
- ^ a b c d "Here are the 10 Libertarian candidates in the 2024 NC Presidential Primary", Fox Carolina. February 29, 2024. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
- ^ "FEC Form 2 for Report FEC-1690012". FEC.gov. Archived from the original on March 20, 2023. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
- ^ a b c d e Philips, Aleks (September 9, 2023). "Libertarians Sense Golden Opportunity to Make 2024 Breakthrough". Newsweek. Archived from the original on September 9, 2023. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
- ^ "Lars Mapstead". Well Found. Retrieved March 7, 2024.
- ^ "Lars Mapstead for President – committee overview". FEC.gov. Archived from the original on September 9, 2021. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
- ^ a b Sharp, John (March 23, 2023). "What's next for Libertarians? Presidential hopefuls bring platforms to Alabama". al. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
- ^ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. April 7, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 16, 2023. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
- ^ Barton, Tom (July 23, 2023) "Who is Chase Oliver" Meet the Libertarian candidate running for president" Archived July 23, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, The Gazette. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
- ^ "Statement of Candidacy". docquery.fec.gov. December 11, 2023. Archived from the original on January 18, 2024. Retrieved January 17, 2024.[non-primary source needed]
- ^ Bunge, Mike (January 16, 2024) "Libertarian Party of Iowa announces the winner of its statewide Presidential caucus", KIMT.com. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
- ^ "Statement of Candidacy". Federal Election Commission. August 28, 2023. Archived from the original on September 4, 2023. Retrieved September 4, 2023.
- ^ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. July 24, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 27, 2023. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
- ^ "Mike ter Maat for President – committee overview". FEC.gov. Archived from the original on March 21, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
- ^ "Joe Exotic switches parties for 2024 presidential run". Fox23.com Tulsa. April 12, 2023. Archived from the original on April 12, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
- ^ "Statement of Candidacy". docquery.fec.gov. February 1, 2023. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved March 12, 2023.
- ^ Teh, Cheryl (March 21, 2023). "Joe Exotic is running a long-shot 2024 campaign for president, all while serving 21 years in prison for his role in a murder-for-hire plot". BusinessInsider.com. Archived from the original on March 22, 2023. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
- ^ "Libertarian Party presidential nomination, 2024". Ballotpedia. Archived from the original on January 4, 2024. Retrieved January 4, 2024.
- ^ "Form 1 for Joseph Collins Jr for President". docquery.fec.gov. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
- ^ "Joseph Collins Jr 2024". Joseph Collins Jr for President 2024. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
- ^ Smart, Johnathan (October 6, 2023). "Joseph Collins Jr. Will Run for President in 2024". URBT News. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
- ^ "FEC Form 2 for Report FEC-1616327". docquery.fec.gov. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
- ^ Beau Lindsey's 2024 Campaign Archived January 5, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, Accessed January 5, 2024.
- ^ "FEC Form 2 for Report FEC-1471972". docquery.fec.gov. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
- ^ Robert Sansome's 2024 Campaign Archived January 5, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, Accessed January 5, 2023.
- ^ "FEC Form 2 for Report FEC-1743469". docquery.fec.gov. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
- ^ "Facebook". www.facebook.com. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
- ^ "Iowa Trial Court".
- ^ "STATEMENT OF CANDIDACY".
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