Comparative officer ranks of World War II

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The following table show comparative officer ranks of World War II, with the ranks of Allied powers, the major Axis powers and various other countries and co-belligerents during World War II.

Table

Further information: on ranks and insignia, see the relevant rank pages

The rank insignia of commissioned officers.

Rank group General/flag officers Field/senior officers Junior officers Officer cadet
 British Army[1] British Army (1920-1953) OF-10.svg British Army (1920-1953) OF-9.svg British Army (1920-1953) OF-8.svg British Army (1920-1953) OF-7.svg British Army (1928-1953) OF-6.svg British Army (1920-1953) OF-5.svg British Army (1920-1953) OF-4.svg British Army (1920-1953) OF-3.svg British Army (1920-1953) OF-2.svg British Army (1920-1953) OF-1b.svg British Army (1920-1953) OF-1a.svg British Army (1920-1953) OF (D).svg
Field marshal General Lieutenant-general Major-general Brigadier[a] Colonel Lieutenant-colonel Major Captain Lieutenant Second lieutenant Officer cadet
 Royal Air Force[2] British RAF OF-10.svg British RAF OF-9.svg British RAF OF-8.svg British RAF OF-7.svg British RAF OF-6.svg British RAF OF-5.svg British RAF OF-4.svg British RAF OF-3.svg British RAF OF-2.svg British RAF OF-1b.svg British RAF OF-1a.svg UK-RAF-OFD.svg
Marshal of the RAF Air chief marshal Air marshal Air vice-marshal Air commodore Group captain Wing commander Squadron leader Flight lieutenant Flying officer Pilot officer/
Acting pilot officer 		Officer cadet
 Royal Navy[3] British Royal Navy (sleeves) OF-10.svg British Royal Navy (sleeves) OF-9.svg British Royal Navy (sleeves) OF-8.svg British Royal Navy (sleeves) OF-7.svg British Royal Navy (sleeves) OF-6.svg British Royal Navy (sleeves) OF-5.svg British Royal Navy (sleeves) OF-4.svg British Royal Navy (sleeves) OF-3.svg British Royal Navy (sleeves) OF-2.svg British Royal Navy (sleeves) OF-1b.svg UK-Navy-OFD.svg British Royal Navy OF-Student.svg
Admiral of the Fleet Admiral Vice admiral Rear admiral Commodore[a] Captain Commander Lieutenant commander Lieutenant Sub lieutenant Midshipman Officer cadet
Rank group General/flag officers Field/senior officers Junior officers Officer cadet
Belgian Army & Military Aviation[4] Belgium-Army-OF-8 WW2.svg Belgium-Army-OF-7 WW2.svg Belgium-Army-OF-5 WW2.svg Belgium-Army-OF-4 WW2.svg Belgium-Army-OF-3 WW2.svg Belgium-Army-OF-2b WW2.svg Belgium-Army-OF-2a WW2.svg Belgium-Army-OF-1b WW2.svg Belgium-Army-OF-1a WW2.svg
Luitenant-generaal Generaal-majoor Kolonel Luitenant-kolonel Majoor Kapitein-commandant Kapitein Luitenant Onderluitenant
Belgian Naval Corps[5] France-Navy-OF-5 Sleeve.svg France-Navy-OF-4 Sleeve.svg France-Navy-OF-3 Sleeve.svg France-Navy-OF-2 Sleeve.svg Belgium-Navy-OF-2 WW2.svg France-Navy-OF-1b Sleeve.svg France-Navy-OF-1a Sleeve.svg
Kolonel Luitenant-kolonel Majoor Kapitein-commandant Kapitein Luitenant Onder­luitenant
Rank group General/flag officers Field/senior officers Junior officers Officer cadet
Kingdom of Bulgaria Royal Bulgarian Army & Air Force[6][7] KingdomBulgaria-Army-OF-8.svg KingdomBulgaria-Army-OF-7.svg KingdomBulgaria-Army-OF-6.svg Royal Bulgarian Army OF-5 - Polkovnik · general staff (1936-1945).gif Royal Bulgarian Army OF-4 - Podpolkovnik · engineer (1936-1945).gif Royal Bulgarian Army OF-3 - Маyor · artillery (1936-1945).gif Royal Bulgarian Army OF-2 - Kapitan · infantry (1936-1945).gif Royal Bulgarian Army OF-1b - Starshi leytenant · horse artillery (1936-1945).gif Royal Bulgarian Army OF-1a - Leytenant · medical (1936-1945).gif Royal Bulgarian Army OF-D - Ofitserski kandidat · cavalry (1936-1945).gif
Генерал-полковник
General-pukovnik 		Генерал-лейтенант
General-leytenant 		Генерал-майор
General-mayor 		Полковник
Polkovnik 		Подполковник
Podpolkovnik 		Майор
Mayor 		Капитан
Kapitan 		Старши лейтенант
Starshi leytenant 		Лейтенант
Leytenant 		Офицерски кандидатъ
Ofitserski kandidat
 Royal Bulgarian Navy[8] Royal Bulgarian Navy OF-8 - Admiral (1915-1945).gif Kingdom of Bulgaria-Navy-OF-9 sleeve.svg Royal Bulgarian Navy OF-7 - Vitseadmiral (1915-1945).gif Kingdom of Bulgaria-Navy-OF-8 sleeve.svg Royal Bulgarian Navy OF-6 - Kontraadmiral (1915-1945).gif Kingdom of Bulgaria-Navy-OF-7 sleeve.svg Kingdom of Bulgaria-Navy-OF-5 sleeve.svg Kingdom of Bulgaria-Navy-OF-4 sleeve.svg Kingdom of Bulgaria-Navy-OF-3 sleeve.svg Kingdom of Bulgaria-Navy-OF-2 sleeve.svg Kingdom of Bulgaria-Navy-OF-1b sleeve.svg Kingdom of Bulgaria-Navy-OF-1a sleeve.svg
Адмирал
Admiral 		Вицеадмирал
Vitse­admiral 		Контраадмирал
Kontra­admiral 		Капитан I ранг
Kapitan I rang 		Капитан II ранг
Kapitan II rang 		Капитан III ранг
Kapitan III rang 		Лейтенант
Leytenant 		Мичман I ранг
Michman I rang 		Мичман II ранг
Michman II rang 		Офицерски кандидатъ
Ofitserski kandidat
Rank group General/flag officers Field/senior officers Junior officers Officer cadet
Republic of China National Army[9] Tiwan-Army-OF-10 (1928).svg Tiwan-Army-OF-9 (1928).svg Tiwan-Army-OF-8 (1928).svg Tiwan-Army-OF-7 (1928).svg Tiwan-Army-OF-5 (1928).svg Tiwan-Army-OF-4 (1928).svg Tiwan-Army-OF-3 (1928).svg Tiwan-Army-OF-2 (1928).svg Tiwan-Army-OF-1b (1928).svg Tiwan-Army-OF-1a (1928).svg Tiwan-Army-WO (1928).svg
特級上將
Teji shangjiang 		二級上將
Erji shangjiang 		中將
Zhongjiang 		少將
Shaojiang 		上校
Shangxiao 		中校
Zhongxiao 		少校
Shaoxiao 		上尉
Shangwei 		中尉
Zhongwei 		少尉
Shaowei 		准尉
Zhunwei
Republic of China Air Force[9] Tiwan-AirForce-OF-9 (1928).svg Tiwan-AirForce-OF-8 (1928).svg Tiwan-AirForce-OF-7 (1928).svg Tiwan-AirForce-OF-5 (1928).svg Tiwan-AirForce-OF-4 (1928).svg Tiwan-AirForce-OF-3 (1928).svg Tiwan-AirForce-OF-2 (1928).svg Tiwan-AirForce-OF-1c (1928).svg Tiwan-AirForce-OF-1b (1928).svg Tiwan-AirForce-OF-1a (1928).svg
二級上將
Erji shangjiang 		中將
Zhongjiang 		少將
Shaojiang 		上校
Shangxiao 		中校
Zhongxiao 		少校
Shaoxiao 		上尉
Shangwei 		中尉
Zhongwei 		少尉
Shaowei 		准尉
Zhunwei
Taiwan Republic of China Navy[10] Taiwan-navy-OF-9b.svg Taiwan-navy-OF-9a.svg Taiwan-navy-OF-8.svg Taiwan-navy-OF-7.svg Taiwan-Navy-OF-6 (1936).svg Taiwan-Navy-OF-5 (1936).svg Taiwan-Navy-OF-4 (1936).svg Taiwan-Navy-OF-3 (1936).svg Taiwan-Navy-OF-2 (1936).svg Taiwan-Navy-OF-1c (1936).svg Taiwan-Navy-OF-1b (1936).svg Taiwan-Navy-OF-1a (1936).svg Blank.svg
特級上將
Teji shangjiang 		二級上將
Erji shangjiang 		中將
Zhongjiang 		少將
Shaojiang 		代將
Daijiang 		上校
Shangxiao 		中校
Zhongxiao 		少校
Shaoxiao 		上尉
Shangwei 		中尉
Zhongwei 		少尉
Shaowei 		准尉
Zhunwei 		軍校生
Junxiaosheng
Rank group General/flag officers Field/senior officers Junior officers Officer cadet
 Czechoslovak Army[11] Czechoslovakia-Army-OF-9 Sleeve (1930-1939).svg Czechoslovakia-Army-OF-8 Sleeve (1930-1939).svg Czechoslovakia-Army-OF-7 Sleeve (1930-1939).svg Czechoslovakia-Army-OF-5 (1930–1950).svg Czechoslovakia-Army-OF-4 (1930–1950).svg Czechoslovakia-Army-OF-3b (1930–1950).svg Czechoslovakia-Army-OF-3a (1930–1950).svg Czechoslovakia-Army-OF-2 (1930–1950).svg Czechoslovakia-Army-OF-1c (1930–1950).svg Czechoslovakia-Army-OF-1b (1930–1950).svg Czechoslovakia-Army-OF-1a (1930–1950).svg
Armádní generál Divisní generál Brigádní generál Plukovník Podplukovník Major Štábní kapitán Kapitán Nadporučík Poručík Podporučík
Rank group General/flag officers Field/senior officers Junior officers Officer cadet
 Royal Danish Army[12] Danish-Army-OF-9-M23.svg Danish-Army-OF-8-M23.svg Danish-Army-OF-7-M23.svg Danish-Army-OF-5-M23.svg Danish-Army-OF-4-M23.svg Danish-Army-OF-2b-M23.svg Danish-Army-OF-2a-M23.svg Danish-Army-OF-1b-M23.svg Danish-Army-OF-1a-M23.svg Danish-Army-OF-(D)-M23.svg
General General­løjtnant General­major Oberst Oberst­løjtnant Kaptajn Kaptajn­løjtnant Premier­løjtnant Løjtnant Sekond­løjtnant
 Royal Danish Navy[12] Denmark-Navy-OF-9 (1882-1951).svg Denmark-Navy-OF-8 (1880-1951).svg Denmark-Navy-OF-7 (1880-1951).svg Generic-Navy-8.svg Generic-Navy-7.svg Generic-Navy-6.svg Generic-Navy-5.svg Generic-Navy-4.svg Generic-Navy-3.svg Generic-Navy-2.svg
Admiral Vice­admiral Kontre­admiral Kommandør Kommandør­kaptajn Orlogs­kaptajn Kaptajn­løjtnant Søløjtnant I Løjtnant Søløjtnant II
Rank group General/flag officers Field/senior officers Junior officers Officer cadet
Finland Finnish Army & Air Force[13] Sotamarsalkka.svg Kenraaliluutnantti kauluslaatta.svg Kenraalimajuri kauluslaatta.svg Prikaatikenraali kauluslaatta.svg Colonel Lieutenant Colonel Major Captain Lieutenant Second Lieutenant Officer Candidate Officer Student
Sotamarsalkka
Fältmarskalk 		Kenraali
General 		Kenraaliluutnantti
Generallöjtnant 		Kenraalimajuri
Generalmajor 		Eversti
Överste 		Everstiluutnantti
Överstelöjtnant 		Majuri
Major 		Kapteeni
Kapten 		Luutnantti
Löjtnant 		Vänrikki
Fänrik 		Upseerikokelas
Officersaspirant 		Upseerioppilas
Officerselev
 Finnish Navy[13] Finland-Navy-OF-9.svg Finland-Navy-OF-8.svg Finland-Navy-OF-7.svg Finland-Navy-OF-5.svg Finland-Navy-OF-4.svg Finland-Navy-OF-3.svg Finland-Navy-OF-2.svg Finland-Navy-OF-1b.svg Finland-Navy-OF-1a.svg Upseerikokelas l hihalaatta.svg Upseerioppilas l hihalaatta.svg
Amiraali
Amiral 		Vara-amiraali
Viceamiral 		Kontra-amiraali
Konteramiral 		Kommodori
Kommodor 		Komentaja
Kommendör 		Komentajakapteeni
Kommendörkapten 		Kapteeniluutnantti
Kaptenlöjtnant 		Luutnantti
Löjtnant 		Aliluutnantti
Underlöjtnant 		Upseerikokelas Upseerioppilas
Rank group General/flag officers Field/senior officers Junior officers Officer cadet
France French Army[14] France-Army-OF-10 Sleeve WW2.svg France-Army-OF-9 Sleeve WW2.svg France-Army-OF-8 Sleeve WW2.svg France-Army-OF-7 Sleeve WW2.svg France-Army-OF-6 Sleeve WW2.svg France-Army-OF-5 Sleeve WW2.svg France-Army-OF-4 Sleeve WW2.svg France-Army-OF-3 Sleeve WW2.svg France-Army-OF-2 Sleeve WW2.svg France-Army-OF-1b Sleeve WW2.svg France-Army-OF-1a Sleeve WW2.svg
Maréchal de France Général d'armée Général de corps d'armée Général de division Général de brigade Colonel Lieutenant-colonel Commandant Capitaine Lieutenant Sous-lieutenant Aspirant Élève-officier
France French Air Force[14] France-Airforce-OF-9 Sleeve.svg France-Airforce-OF-8 Sleeve.svg France-Airforce-OF-7 Sleeve.svg France-Airforce-OF-6 Sleeve.svg France-Airforce-OF-5 Sleeve.svg France-Airforce-OF-4 Sleeve.svg France-Airforce-OF-3 Sleeve.svg France-Airforce-OF-2 Sleeve.svg France-Airforce-OF-1b Sleeve.svg France-Airforce-OF-1a Sleeve.svg
Général d'armée aérienne Général de corps aérien Général de division aérienne Général de brigade aérienne Colonel Lieutenant-colonel Commandant Capitaine Lieutenant Sous-lieutenant Aspirant Élève-pilote
 French Navy[15] France-Navy-OF-10 Sleeve.svg France-Navy-OF-9 Sleeve.svg France-Navy-OF-9 Sleeve.svg France-Navy-OF-8 Sleeve.svg France-Navy-OF-7 Sleeve.svg France-Navy-OF-6 Sleeve.svg France-Navy-OF-5 Sleeve.svg France-Navy-OF-4 Sleeve.svg France-Navy-OF-3 Sleeve.svg France-Navy-OF-2 Sleeve.svg France-Navy-OF-1b Sleeve.svg France-Navy-OF-1a Sleeve.svg France-Navy-OF-(D2) Sleeve.svg France-Navy-OF-(D1) Sleeve.svg
Amiral de France Amiral de la Flotte[16] Amiral Vice-amiral d'escadre Vice-amiral Contre-amiral Capitaine de vaisseau Capitaine de frégate Capitaine de corvette Lieutenant de vaisseau Enseigne de vaisseau de 1re classe Enseigne de vaisseau de 2e classe Aspirant Élève-officier
Rank group General/flag officers Field/senior officers Junior officers Officer cadet
 German Army & Luftwaffe[17] Luftwaffe Reichsmarschall.svg
Reichsmarschall 		WMacht H OF10 GenFeldmarschall 1945.svg WMacht H OF9 GenOberst 1945.svg WMacht H OF8 GenWaGtg 1945.svg WMacht H OF7 GenLt 1945.svg WMacht H OF6 GenMaj 1945.svg Insignia Wehrmacht Heer Colonel 1.svg Insignia Wehrmacht Heer LtColonel 1.svg Insignia Wehrmacht Heer Major 1.svg WMacht H OF2 Hptm Inf.svg WMacht H OF1a OLt Inf.svg WMacht H OF1b Lt Prop.svg Heer-Fahnenjunker-Stabsfeldwebel.svg Heer-Fahnenjunker-Oberfeldwebel.svg Heer-Fahnenjunker-Feldwebel.svg Heer-Fahnenjunker-Unterfeldwebel.svg Heer-Fahnenjunker-Unteroffizier.svg
General­feldmarschall General­oberst General der Waffengattung General­leutnant General­major Oberst Oberst­leutnant Major Haupt­mann Ober­leutnant Leutnant Fhj-StFw Fhj-OFw Fhj-Fw Fhj-UFw Fhj-Uffz
 Kriegsmarine[18] Kriegsmarine-Großadmiral (s).gif Kriegsmarine-Großadmiral.svg Generaladmiral der Deutschen Kriegsmarine.png Kriegsmarine-Admiral.svg Admiral der Deutschen Kriegsmarine.png Kriegsmarine-Admiral.svg Vizeadmiral der Deutschen Kriegsmarine.png Kriegsmarine-Vizeadmiral.svg Konteradmiral der Kriegsmarine.png Kriegsmarine-Konteradmiral.svg Kapitän zur See der Kriegsmarine.png Kriegsmarine-Kommodore.svg Kapitän zur See der Kriegsmarine.png Kriegsmarine-Kapitän zur See.svg Kriegsmarine Fregattenkapitän 1945.png Kriegsmarine-Fregattenkapitän.svg Kriegsmarine Korvettenkapitän 1945.png Kriegsmarine-Korvettenkapitän.svg Kriegsmarine Kapitänleutnant 1945.png Kriegsmarine-Kapitänleutnant.svg Kriegsmarine Oberleutnant-zur-See 1945.png Kriegsmarine-Oberleutnant zur See.svg Kriegsmarine Leutnant-zur-See 1945.png Kriegsmarine-Leutnant zur See.svg WMacht KM OR7 OFähnr zS.png Kriegsmarine-Oberfähnrich zur See.svg WMacht KM OR6 Fähnr zS.png Kriegsmarine-Oberfähnrich zur See.svg Kriegsmarine-Oberfähnrich zur See.svg Kriegsmarine-Offiziersanwärter.svg
Groß­admiral General­admiral Admiral Vize­admiral Konter­admiral Kommodore Kapitän zur See Fregatten­kapitän Korvetten­kapitän Kapitän­leutnant Ober­leutnant zur See Leutnant zur See Ober­fähnrich zur See Fähnrich zur See Seekadett Offiziersanwärter
Rank group General/flag officers Field/senior officers Junior officers Officer cadet
 Hellenic Army[19] GR-Army-OF10 (1937).svg GR-Army-OF9-1937.svg GR-Army-OF8-1937.svg GR-Army-OF7-1937.svg GR-Army-OF5-1937.svg GR-Army-OF4-1937.svg GR-Army-OF3-1937.svg GR-Army-OF2-1937.svg GR-Army-OF1a-1937.svg GR-Army-OF1b-1937.svg British Army (1920-1953) OF (D).svg
Στρατάρχης
Stratarches 		Στρατηγός
Stratigos 		Αντιστράτηγος
Antistratigos 		Υποστράτηγος
Ypostratigos 		Συνταγματάρχης
Syntagmatarchis 		Αντισυνταγματάρχης
Antisyntagmatarchis 		Ταγματάρχης
Tagmatarchis 		Λοχαγός
Lochagos 		Υπολοχαγός
Ypolochagos 		Ανθυπολοχαγός
Anthypolochagos 		Δόκιμος Έφεδρος Αξιωματικός
Dokimos efedros aksio­matikos
 Royal Hellenic Air Force[20] Greece-AirForce-OF-10.svg Greece-AirForce-OF-9.svg Greece-AirForce-OF-8.svg Greece-AirForce-OF-7.svg Greece-AirForce-OF-5.svg Greece-AirForce-OF-4.svg Greece-AirForce-OF-3.svg Greece-AirForce-OF-2.svg Greece-AirForce-OF-1b.svg Greece-AirForce-OF-1a.svg
Αἰθεράρχης
Aitherárchis 		Πτέραρχος
Ptérarchos 		Ἀντιπτέραρχος
Antiptérarchos 		Ὑποπτέραρχος
Ypoptérarchos 		Σμήναρχος
Smínarchos 		Ἀντισμήναρχος
Antismínarchos 		Ἐπισμηναγός
Episminagós 		Σμηναγός
Sminagós 		Ὑποσμηναγός
Yposminagós 		Ἀνθυποσμηναγός
Anthyposminagós
 Royal Hellenic Navy[20] RHN-Adm-of-the-Fleet-shoulder.SVG Generic-Navy-13.svg RHN-VAdm-shoulder.svg Generic-Navy-12.svg RHN-RAdm-shoulder.svg Generic-Navy-11.svg RHN-Commodore-shoulder.svg Generic-Navy-10.svg Generic-Navy-8.svg Generic-Navy-7.svg Generic-Navy-6.svg Generic-Navy-5.svg Generic-Navy-4.svg Generic-Navy-2.svg British Royal Navy OF-Student.svg
Στολάρχης
Stolarchis 		Ναύαρχος
Navarchos 		Αντιναύαρχος
Antinavarchos 		Υποναύαρχος
Yponavarchos 		Πλοίαρχος
Ploiarchos 		Αντιπλοίαρχος
Antiploiarchos 		Πλωτάρχης
Plotarchis 		Υποπλοίαρχος
Ypoploiarchos 		Ανθυποπλοίαρχος
Anthypoploiarchos 		Σημαιοφόρος
Simaioforos 		Σημαιοφόρος Επίκουρος Αξιωματικός
Simaioforos epikouros axiomatikos
Rank group General/flag officers Field/senior officers Junior officers Officer cadet
 Royal Hungarian Army[21][22] Blank.svg Hungary-Army-OF-9 (Kingdom).svg Hungary-Army-OF-8 (Kingdom).svg Hungary-Army-OF-7 (Kingdom).svg Blank.svg Blank.svg Blank.svg Blank.svg Blank.svg Blank.svg Blank.svg Blank.svg
Tábornagy Vezérezredes Altábornagy Vezérőrnagy Ezredes Alezredes Őrnagy Százados Főhadnagy Hadnagy
 Royal Hungarian Air Force[23] Blank.svg Blank.svg Blank.svg Blank.svg Blank.svg Blank.svg Blank.svg Blank.svg Blank.svg Blank.svg
Altábornagy Vezérőrnagy Ezredes Alezredes Őrnagy Százados Főhadnagy Hadnagy
 Royal Hungarian River Guard[22] Hungary-Navy-OF-8 (Kingdom).svg Hungary-Navy-OF-7 (Kingdom).svg Hungary-Navy-OF-5 (Kingdom).svg Hungary-Navy-OF-4 (Kingdom).svg Hungary-Navy-OF-3 (Kingdom).svg Hungary-Navy-OF-2 (Kingdom).svg Hungary-Navy-OF-1b (Kingdom).svg Hungary-Navy-OF-1a (Kingdom).svg Hungary-Navy-OF-(D) (Kingdom).svg
Vezérfökapitány Vezérkapitány Fötörzskapitány Törzskapitány Törzsalkapitány Kapitány Föhajónagy Hajónagy Folyami zászlós
Rank group General/flag officers Field/senior officers Junior officers Officer cadet
Italy Royal Italian Army[24] Rank insignia of primo maresciallo dell'impero of the Italian Army (1940).png Rank insignia of maresciallo d'Italia of the Italian Army (1940).png Rank insignia of generale d'armata of the Italian Army (1940).png Rank insignia of generale designato d'armata of the Italian Army (1940).png Rank insignia of generale di corpo d'armata of the Italian Army (1940).png Rank insignia of generale di divisione of the Italian Army (1940).png Rank insignia of generale di brigata of the Italian Army (1940).png Rank insignia of colonnello comandante of the Italian Army (1940).png Rank insignia of colonnello of the Italian Army (1940).png Rank insignia of tenente colonnello of the Italian Army (1940).png Rank insignia of maggiore of the Italian Army (1940).png Rank insignia of primo capitano of the Italian Army (1940).png Rank insignia of capitano of the Italian Army (1940).png Rank insignia of primo tenente of the Italian Army (1940).png Rank insignia of tenente of the Italian Army (1940).png Rank insignia of sottotenente of the Italian Army (1940).png Rank insignia of aspirante of the Italian Army (1940).png
Primo maresciallo dell'Impero Maresciallo d'Italia Generale d'armata Generale designato d'armata Generale di corpo d'armata Generale di divisione Generale di brigata Colonnello comandante Colonnello Tenente colonnello Maggiore Primo capitano Capitano Primo tenente Tenente Sottotenente Aspirante
Italy Royal Italian Air Force[25] IT-Airforce-OF-10.png IT-Airforce-OF-9.png RA-Generale designato di armata aerea.png RA-Generale di squadra aerea.png IT-Airforce-OF-8.png IT-Airforce-OF-7.png IT-Airforce-OF-5.png IT-Airforce-OF-4.png IT-Airforce-OF-3.png IT-Airforce-OF3s.png IT-Airforce-OF3.png IT-Airforce-OF2.png IT-Airforce-OF1.png No insignia
Maresciallo dell'Aria Generale d'Armata Aerea Generale designato d'Armata Aerea Generale di Corpo d'Armata Aerea Generale di Divisione Aerea Generale di Brigata Aerea Colonnello Tenente Colonnello Maggiore Primo Capitano Capitano Tenente Sottotenente Aspirante
Italy Royal Italian Navy[26] Rank insignia of grande ammiraglio of the Regia Marina (1936).svg Rank insignia of ammiraglio d'armata of the Regia Marina (1936).svg Rank insignia of ammiraglio designato d'armata of the Regia Marina (1936).svg Rank insignia of ammiraglio di squadra of the Regia Marina (1936).svg Rank insignia of ammiraglio di divisione of the Regia Marina (1936).svg Rank insignia of contrammiraglio of the Regia Marina (1936).svg Rank insignia of capitano di vascello of the Regia Marina (1936).svg Rank insignia of capitano di fregata of the Regia Marina (1936).svg Rank insignia of capitano di corvetta of the Regia Marina (1936).svg Rank insignia of tenente di vascello of the Regia Marina (1936).svg Rank insignia of tenente di vascello of the Regia Marina (1936).svg Rank insignia of sottotenente di vascello of the Regia Marina (1936).svg Rank insignia of guardiamarina of the Regia Marina (1936).svg Shoulder boards of aspirante of the Regia Marina (1936).svg
Grande ammiraglio Ammiraglio d'armata Ammiraglio designato d'armata Ammiraglio di squadra Ammiraglio di divisione Contrammiraglio Capitano di vascello Capitano di fregata Capitano di corvetta Primo tenente di vascello Tenente di vascello Sottotenente di vascello Guardiamarina Aspirante guardiamarina
Rank group General/flag officers Field/senior officers Junior officers Officer cadet
 Imperial Japanese Army & Army Air Service[27] Generalissimo collar rank insignia (Japan).png 帝國陸軍の階級―襟章―大将.svg元帥徽章.svg 帝國陸軍の階級―襟章―大将.svg 帝國陸軍の階級―襟章―中将.svg 帝國陸軍の階級―襟章―少将.svg 帝國陸軍の階級―襟章―大佐.svg 帝國陸軍の階級―襟章―中佐.svg 帝國陸軍の階級―襟章―少佐.svg 帝國陸軍の階級―襟章―大尉.svg 帝國陸軍の階級―襟章―中尉.svg 帝國陸軍の階級―襟章―少尉.svg 帝國陸軍の階級―襟章―准尉.svg
大元帥陸軍大将
Daigensui-rikugun-taishō 		元帥陸軍大将
Gensui-rikugun-taishō 		陸軍大将
Rikugun-taishō 		陸軍中将
Rikugun-chūjō 		陸軍少将
Rikugun-shōshō 		陸軍大佐
Rikugun-taisa 		陸軍中佐
Rikugun-chūsa 		陸軍少佐
Rikugun-shōsa 		陸軍大尉
Rikugun-tai-i 		陸軍中尉
Rikugun-chūi 		陸軍少尉
Rikugun-shōi 		准尉
Jun-i
 Imperial Japanese Navy[28][29] Imperial Japan-Navy-OF-10-shoulder.svg Imperial Japan-Navy-OF-10-sleeve.svg Imperial Japan-Navy-OF-9-shoulder.svg Imperial Japan-Navy-OF-9-sleeve.svg
元帥徽章.svg 		Imperial Japan-Navy-OF-9-shoulder.svg Imperial Japan-Navy-OF-9-sleeve.svg Imperial Japan-Navy-OF-8-shoulder.svg Imperial Japan-Navy-OF-8-sleeve.svg Imperial Japan-Navy-OF-7-shoulder.svg Imperial Japan-Navy-OF-7-sleeve.svg Imperial Japan-Navy-OF-5-shoulder.svg Generic-Navy-8.svg Imperial Japan-Navy-OF-4-shoulder.svg Generic-Navy-6.svg Imperial Japan-Navy-OF-3-shoulder.svg Imperial Japan-Navy-OF-3-sleeve.svg Imperial Japan-Navy-OF-2-shoulder.svg Generic-Navy-4.svg Imperial Japan-Navy-OF-1b-shoulder.svg Generic-Navy-3.svg Imperial Japan-Navy-OF-1a-shoulder.svg Generic-Navy-2.svg Imperial Japan-Navy-Midshipman-shoulder.svg Generic-Navy-1.svg Imperial Japan-Navy-Cadet-shoulder.svg Imperial Japan-Navy-OF-D-sleeve.svg Imperial Japan-Navy-Warrant Officer-shoulder.svg Generic-Navy-1.svg
大元帥海軍大将
Daigensui-kaigun-taishō 		元帥海軍大将
Gensui-kaigun-taishō 		海軍大将
Kaigun-taishō 		海軍中将
Kaigun-chūjō 		海軍少将
Kaigun-shōshō 		海軍大佐
Kaigun-daisa 		海軍中佐
Kaigun-chūsa 		海軍少佐
Kaigun-shōsa 		海軍大尉
Kaigun-dai-i 		海軍中尉
Kaigun-chūi 		海軍少尉
Kaigun-shōi 		兵曹長
Heisōchō 		海軍少尉候補生
Kaigun shōi kōhosei 		海軍兵学校生徒
Kaigun-heigakō-seito
Rank group General/flag officers Field/senior officers Junior officers Officer cadet
 Manchukuo Imperial Army & Air Force[30][31] Manchukuo-Army-OF-10.svg Manchukuo-Army-OF-9.svg Manchukuo-Army-OF-8.svg Manchukuo-Army-OF-7.svg Manchukuo-Army-OF-5.svg Manchukuo-Army-OF-4.svg Manchukuo-Army-OF-3.svg Manchukuo-Army-OF-2.svg Manchukuo-Army-OF-1c.svg Manchukuo-Army-OF-1b.svg Manchukuo-Army-OF-1a.svg
總司令
Zǒng sīlìng 		上将
Shàng jiàng 		中将
Zhōng jiàng 		少将
Shào jiàng 		上校
Shàng xiào 		中校
Zhōng xiào 		少校
Shào xiào 		上尉
Shàng wèi 		中尉
Zhōng wèi 		少尉
Shào wèi 		准尉
Zhǔn wèi
 Manchukuo Imperial Navy[32][33] Manchukuo-Navy-OF-10.svg Manchukuo-Navy-OF-9.svg Manchukuo-Navy-OF-8.svg Manchukuo-Navy-OF-7.svg Manchukuo-Navy-OF-5.svg Manchukuo-Navy-OF-4.svg Manchukuo-Navy-OF-3.svg Manchukuo-Navy-OF-2.svg Manchukuo-Navy-OF-1b.svg Manchukuo-Navy-OF-1a.svg
總司令
Zǒng sīlìng 		上将
Shàng jiàng 		中将
Zhōng jiàng 		少将
Shào jiàng 		上校
Shàng xiào 		中校
Zhōng xiào 		少校
Shào xiào 		上尉
Shàng wèi 		中尉
Zhōng wèi 		少尉
Shào wèi
Rank group General/flag officers Field/senior officers Junior officers Officer cadet
 Royal Netherlands Army[34] Netherlands-Army-OF-9 (1940).svg Netherlands-Army-OF-8 (1940).svg Netherlands-Army-OF-7 (1940).svg Netherlands-Army-OF-5 (1940).svg Netherlands-Army-OF-4 (1940).svg Netherlands-Army-OF-3 (1940).svg Netherlands-Army-OF-2 (1940).svg Netherlands-Army-OF-1b (1940).svg Netherlands-Army-OF-1a (1940).svg
Generaal Luitenant-generaal Generaal-majoor Kolonel Luitenant-kolonel Majoor Kapitein/
Ritmeester 		Eerste luitenant Tweede luitenant
 Royal Netherlands Navy[34] Nl-marine-vloot-admiraal.svg Netherlands-Navy-OF-9.svg Netherlands-Navy-OF-8.svg Netherlands-Navy-OF-7.svg Generic-Navy-8.svg Generic-Navy-6.svg Generic-Navy-5.svg Generic-Navy-4.svg Generic-Navy-3.svg Generic-Navy-2.svg
Admiraal Luitenant-admiraal Vice-admiraal Schout-bij-nacht Kapitein ter zee Kapitein-luitenant ter zee Luitenant ter zee der 1ste klasse Luitenant ter zee der 2de klasse oudste categorie Luitenant ter zee der 2de klasse Luitenant ter zee der 3de klasse
Rank group General/flag officers Field/senior officers Junior officers Officer cadet
 Norwegian Army & Army Air Service[35] Norway-Army-OF-9 WW2.svg Norway-Army-OF-8 WW2.svg Norway-Army-OF-7 WW2.svg Norway-Army-OF-5 WW2.svg Norway-Army-OF-4 WW2.svg Norway-Army-OF-3 WW2.svg Norway-Army-OF-2 WW2.svg Norway-Army-OF-1b WW2.svg Norway-Army-OF-1a WW2.svg Blank.svg
General General­løjtnant General­major Oberst Oberst­løitnant Major Kaptein/
Rittmester 		Premier­løitnant Sekond­løitnant
 Royal Norwegian Navy[36][37] Norway-Navy-OF-9 WW2.svg Norway-Navy-OF-8 WW2.svg Norway-Navy-OF-7 WW2.svg Romania-Navy-OF-5-Sleeve.svg Generic-Navy-8.svg Generic-Navy-6.svg Generic-Navy-5.svg Generic-Navy-4.svg Generic-Navy-2.svg Blank.svg
Admiral Vice­admiral Kontre­admiral Kommandør Kommandør­kaptein Kaptein­løytnant Kaptein Løitnant Sekund­løitnant
Rank group General/flag officers Field/senior officers Junior officers Officer cadet
Poland Polish Army & Air Force[38] Poland-Army-OF-10 (1943-1949).svg Poland-Army-OF-09 (1943-1949).svg Poland-Army-OF-08 (1943-1949).svg Poland-Army-OF-07 (1943-1949).svg Poland-Army-OF-05 (1943-1949).svg Poland-Army-OF-04 (1943-1949).svg Poland-Army-OF-03 (1943-1949).svg Poland-Army-OF-02 (1943-1949).svg Poland-Army-OF-01c (1943-1949).svg Poland-Army-OF-01b (1943-1949).svg Pagon podchorazego zawodowej Wyższej Szkoły Oficerskiej.jpg
Marszałek Polski Generał broni Generał dywizji Generał brygady Pułkownik Podpułkownik Major Kapitan/
Rotmistrz 		Porucznik Podporucznik
 Polish Navy[39] Poland-Army-OF-10 (1943-1949).svg Poland-Navy-OF-8.svg Poland-Navy-OF-7.svg Poland-Navy-OF-6.svg Romania-Navy-OF-5-Sleeve.svg Romania-Navy-OF-4-Sleeve.svg Romania-Navy-OF-3-Sleeve.svg Generic-Navy-6.svg Generic-Navy-4.svg Generic-Navy-2.svg Various
Marszałek Polski Admirał Wice­admirał Kontr­admirał Komandor Komandor porucznik Komandor podporucznik Kapitan marynarki Porucznik marynarki Podporucznik marynarki Podchorąży
Rank group General/flag officers Field/senior officers Junior officers Officer cadet
 Romanian Army[40][41] KingdomRomania-Army-OF-10.svg KingdomRomania-Army-OF-9.svg KingdomRomania-Army-OF-8.svg KingdomRomania-Army-OF-7.svg KingdomRomania-Army-OF-6.svg KingdomRomania-Army-OF-5.svg KingdomRomania-Army-OF-4.svg KingdomRomania-Army-OF-3.svg KingdomRomania-Army-OF-2.svg KingdomRomania-Army-OF-1b.svg KingdomRomania-Army-OF-1a.svg
Mareșal General de armată General de corp de armată General de divizie General de brigadă Colonel Locotenent-colonel Maior Căpitan Locotenent Sublocotenent
 Royal Romanian Air Force[42][43] Blank.svg Blank.svg Blank.svg Blank.svg Blank.svg Blank.svg Blank.svg Blank.svg
General-locotenent General-maior Comandor Căpitan-comandor Locotenent-comandor Căpitan Locotenent Sublocotenent
Royal Romanian Navy[44] Romania-Navy-OF-9-Sleeve.svg Romania-Navy-OF-8-Sleeve.svg Romania-Navy-OF-7-Sleeve.svg Romania-Navy-OF-6-Sleeve.svg Romania-Navy-OF-5-Sleeve.svg Romania-Navy-OF-4-Sleeve.svg Romania-Navy-OF-3-Sleeve.svg Generic-Navy-6.svg Generic-Navy-4.svg Generic-Navy-2.svg
Amiral Viceamiral Contraamiral Contraamiral de flotilă Comandor Căpitan-comandor Locotenent-comandor Căpitan Locotenent Sublocotenent Aspirant
Rank group General/flag officers Field/senior officers Junior officers Officer cadet
United States United States Army & Army Air Force[45] US Army O11 (Army greens).svg US Army O10 (Army greens).svg US Army O9 (Army greens).svg US Army O8 (Army greens).svg US Army O7 (Army greens).svg US Army O6 (Army greens).svg US Army O5 (Army greens).svg US Army O4 (Army greens).svg US Army O3 (Army greens).svg US Army O2 (Army greens).svg US Army O1 (Army greens).svg Various
General of the Army General Lieutenant General Major General Brigadier General Colonel Lieutenant Colonel Major Captain First lieutenant Second lieutenant Officer candidate Officer cadet
United States United States Navy[45] US Navy O11 insignia.svg US Navy O10 insignia.svg US Navy O9 insignia.svg US Navy O8 insignia.svg US Navy O7 insignia.svg US Navy O6 insignia.svg US Navy O5 insignia.svg U.S. Navy O-4 insignia.svg US Navy O3 insignia.svg US Navy O2 insignia.svg US Navy O1 insignia.svg Various
Fleet admiral Admiral Vice admiral Rear admiral Commodore[b] Captain Commander Lieutenant commander Lieutenant Lieutenant (junior grade) Ensign Midshipman/Officer candidate
Rank group General/flag officers Field/senior officers Junior officers Officer cadet
Red Army
(Since Oct. 1943)[c][46][47] 		Generalissimus 1.svg
Генерали́ссимус Сове́тского Сою́за
Generalíssimus Sovétskogo Soyúza[d] 		1943inf-p00.png 1943inf-p02.png 1943inf-p03.png 1943inf-p04.png 1943inf-p05.png 1943inf-p06.png 1943inf-p07.png 1943inf-p08.png 1943inf-p09.png 1943inf-p10.png 1943inf-p11.png 1943inf-p12.png Red Army cadet infantry school 1943 shoulder straps.jpg
Ма́ршал Сове́тского Сою́за
Márshal Sovétskogo Soyúza 		Генера́л а́рмии
Generál ármi'i[e] 		Генера́л-полко́вник
Generál-polkóvnik 		Генера́л-лейтена́нт
Generál-leytenánt 		Генера́л-майо́р
Generál-mayór 		Полко́вник
Polkóvnik 		Подполко́вник
Podpolkóvnik 		Майо́р
Majór 		Kапита́н
Kapitán 		Старший лейтена́нт
Stárshiy leytenánt 		Лейтенант
Leytenant 		Mла́дший лейтена́нт
Mládshiy leytenánt 		Курсант
Kursant
Red Army Air Force[48] 1943avia-p01.png 1943avia-p02.png 1943avia-p03.png 1943avia-p04.png 1943avia-p05.png 1943avia-p06.png 1943avia-p07.png 1943avia-p08.png 1943avia-p09.png 1943avia-p10.png 1943avia-p11.png 1943avia-p12.png Red Army cadet air force school 1943 shoulder straps.jpg
Главный маршал авиации
Glávnyi márshal aviátzi'i 		Маршал авиации
Márshal aviátzi'i 		Генера́л-полко́вник
Generál-polkóvnik 		Генера́л-лейтена́нт
Generál-leytenánt 		Генера́л-майо́р
Generál-mayór 		Полко́вник
Polkóvnik 		Подполко́вник
Podpolkóvnik 		Майо́р
Majór 		Kапита́н
Kapitán 		Старший лейтена́нт
Stárshiy leytenánt 		Лейтенант
Leytenant 		Mла́дший лейтена́нт
Mládshiy leytenánt 		Курсант
Kursant
 Soviet Navy[49] 1943kor-p02.png CCCP-Navy-OF-9-Sleeve (1943–1955).svg 1943kor-p03.png CCCP-Navy-OF-8-Sleeve (1943–1955).svg 1943kor-p04.png CCCP-Navy-OF-7-Sleeve (1943–1955).svg 1943kor-p05.png CCCP-Navy-OF-6-Sleeve (1943–1955).svg 1943kor-p06.png Russia-Navy-OF-5-Sleeve.svg 1943kor-p07.png Russia-Navy-OF-4-Sleeve.svg 1943kor-p08.png Russia-Navy-OF-3-Sleeve.svg 1943kor-p09.png Russia-Navy-OF-2-Sleeve.svg 1943kor-p10.png Russia-Navy-OF-1c-Sleeve.svg 1943kor-p11.png Russia-Navy-OF-1b-Sleeve.svg 1943kor-p12.png Russia-Navy-OF-1a-Sleeve.svg Red Army cadet naval school 1943 shoulder straps.jpg
Адмирал флота
Admirál flota[f] 		Адмирал
Admirál 		Вице-адмирал
Vitse-admirál 		Контр-адмирал
Contre-admirál 		Капитан 1-го ранга
Kapitan 1-go ránga 		Капитан 2-го ранга
Kapitan 2-go ránga 		Капитан 3-го ранга
Kapitan 3-go ránga 		Капитан-лейтенант
Kapitan-leytenánt 		Старший лейтенант
Starshey leytenánt 		Лейтенант
Leytenánt 		Младший лейтенант
Mladshiy leytenánt 		Курсант
Kursánt
Rank group General/flag officers Field/senior officers Junior officers Officer cadet
Royal Yugoslav Army[51] KoY-Field-Marshal.svg Kingdom of Yugoslavia-Army general.svg Kingdom of Yugoslavia-Divisional general.svg Kingdom of Yugoslavia-Brigadier general.svg KoY-Army-Infantry-Colonel.svg KoY-Army-Infantry-Lieutenant colonel.svg KoY-Army-Infantry-Major.svg KoY-Army-Infantry-Captain I class.svg KoY-Army-Infantry-Captain II class.svg KoY-Army-Infantry-Lieutenant.svg KoY-Army-Infantry-Sub Lieutenant.svg
Бојни војвода
Bojni vojvoda 		Армијски генерал
Armijski general 		Дивизијски генерал
Divizijski general 		Бригадни генерал
Brigadni general 		Пуковник
Pukovnik 		Потпуковник
Potpukovnik 		Мајор
Major 		Капетан прве класе
Kapetan prve klase 		Капетан друге класе
Kapetan druge klase 		Поручник
Poručnik 		Потпоручник
Potporučnik
 Royal Yugoslav Air Force[52] KoY-AirForce-OF-9.svg KoY-AirForce-OF-8.svg KoY-AirForce-OF-7.svg KoY-Air Force-Colonel (1937-1945).svg KoY-AirForce-OF-5.svg KoY-Air Force-Lieutenant colonel (1937-1945).svg KoY-AirForce-OF-4.svg KoY-Air Force-Major (1937-1945).svg KoY-AirForce-OF-3.svg KoY-Air Force-Captain I class (1937-1945).svg KoY-AirForce-OF-2b.svg KoY-Air Force-Captain II class (1937-1945).svg KoY-AirForce-OF-2a.svg KoY-Air Force-Lieutenant (1937-1945).svg KoY-AirForce-OF-1b.svg KoY-Air Force-Sub Lieutenant (1937-1945).svg KoY-AirForce-OF-1a.svg
Армијски генерал
Armijski general 		Дивизијски генерал
Divizijski general 		Бригадни генерал
Brigadni general 		Пуковник
Pukovnik 		Потпуковник
Potpukovnik 		Мајор
Major 		Капетан прве класе
Kapetan prve klase 		Капетан друге класе
Kapetan druge klase 		Поручник
Poručnik 		Потпоручник
Potporučnik
 Royal Yugoslav Navy[52] KoY-Navy-OF-9.svg KoY-Navy-OF-8.svg KoY-Navy-OF-7.svg KoY-Navy-Battleship Captain.svg KoY-Navy-Battleship Captain sleeve.svg KoY-Navy-Frigate Captain.svg KoY-Navy-Frigate Captain sleeve.svg KoY-Navy-Corvete Captain.svg KoY-Navy-Corvete Captain sleeve.svg KoY-Navy-Battleship Lieutenant I class.svg Generic-Navy-6.svg KoY-Navy-Battleship Lieutenant II class.svg Generic-Navy-5.svg KoY-Navy-Frigate Lieutenant.svg Generic-Navy-4.svg KoY-Navy-Corvete Lieutenant.svg Generic-Navy-2.svg
Адмирал
Admiral 		Вицеадмирал
Viceadmiral 		Контраадмирал
Kontraadmiral 		Капетан бојног брода
Kapetan bojnog broda 		Капетан фрегате
Kapetan fregate 		Капетан корвете
Kapetan korvete 		Поручник бојног брода прве класе
Poručnik bojnog broda prve klase 		Поручник бојног брода друге класе
Poručnik bojnog broda druge klase 		Поручник фрегате
Poručnik fregate 		Поручник корвете
Poručnik korvete
Rank group General/flag officers Field/senior officers Junior officers Officer cadet

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b an appointment rather than a substantive rank
  2. ^ Reintroduced in 1943.
  3. ^ For ranks used before 1943, see 1935–1940 ranks and 1940–1943 ranks
  4. ^ The rank was only proposed and never used.
  5. ^ Marshal and Chief marshal of the branch awarded to artillery, armored troops, signal troops and engineer officers.
  6. ^ Shoulder insignia was changed to a marshal star on 25 May 1945.[50]

References

Citations
  1. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 121.
  2. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 123.
  3. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 126.
  4. ^ Mollo 2001, pp. 49, 51.
  5. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 51.
  6. ^ Littlejohn 1994b, pp. 62–63.
  7. ^ Mollo 1981, p. 214.
  8. ^ Mollo 1981, p. 215.
  9. ^ a b Mollo 2001, p. 192.
  10. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 194.
  11. ^ Rosignoli 1983, Plate 60.
  12. ^ a b Mollo 2001, p. 39.
  13. ^ a b Mollo 2001, p. 29.
  14. ^ a b Mollo 2001, p. 58.
  15. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 61.
  16. ^ Le Hunsec 2012, pp. 91–107.
  17. ^ Mollo 2001, pp. 11, 16.
  18. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 19.
  19. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 99.
  20. ^ a b Mollo 2001, p. 101.
  21. ^ Littlejohn 1994a, pp. 129–131.
  22. ^ a b Mollo 1981, p. 209.
  23. ^ Mollo 1981, p. 211.
  24. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 86.
  25. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 89.
  26. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 93.
  27. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 180.
  28. ^ Rosignoli 1983, Plate 53–54.
  29. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 187.
  30. ^ Government 1932, p. 117.
  31. ^ Government 1934, p. 145.
  32. ^ Government 1934, p. 152.
  33. ^ Government 1935, pp. 43–44.
  34. ^ a b Mollo 2001, p. 47.
  35. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 41.
  36. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 42.
  37. ^ Rosignoli 1980, pp. 152–153.
  38. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 23.
  39. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 25.
  40. ^ Littlejohn 1994b, pp. 95–96.
  41. ^ Mollo 1981, p. 203.
  42. ^ Littlejohn 1994b, pp. 98–99.
  43. ^ Rosignoli 1983, Plate 76.
  44. ^ Mollo 1981, p. 206.
  45. ^ a b Mollo 2001, p. 161.
  46. ^ Shalito, Savchenkov & Mollo 1993, p. 5.
  47. ^ Rosignoli 1972, Plates 58–62.
  48. ^ Mollo 1981, p. 169.
  49. ^ Mollo 1981, p. 177.
  50. ^ Vedomosti 1945.
  51. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 104.
  52. ^ a b Mollo 2001, p. 105.
Bibliography
  • Mollo, Andrew (1981). The Armed Forces of World War II: Uniforms, insignia, and organization. New York, N.Y.: Crown Publishers. ISBN 0-517-54478-4. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  • Mollo, Andrew (2001). The Armed Forces of World War II: Uniforms, Insignia & Organisation. Leicester: Silverdale books. ISBN 1-85605-603-1.
  • Le Hunsec, Mathieu (2012-03-15). "L'amiral, cet inconnu". Revue historique des armées (in French) (266): 91–107. ISSN 0035-3299.
  • Littlejohn, David (1994a). Foreign Legions of the Third Reich. Volume 3 (2nd ed.). United States of America: R. James Publishing. ISBN 0-912138-29-7.
  • Littlejohn, David (1994b). Foreign Legions of the Third Reich. Volume 4 (2nd ed.). United States of America: R. James Publishing. ISBN 0-912138-36-X.
  • Shalito, Anton; Savchenkov, Ilya; Mollo, Andrew (1993). Red Army Uniforms of World War II in Colour Photographs. London: Windrow & Greene. ISBN 978-1872004594.
  • Rosignoli, Guido (1972). Army badges and insignia of World War 2: Book 1. MacMillan Colour Series. New York: Blandford Press Ltd. LCCN 72-85765.
  • Rosignoli, Guido (1980). Naval and Marine Badges and Insignia of World War 2. Blandford Colour Series. Link House, Dorset: Blandford Press Ltd.
  • Rosignoli, Guido (1983). Badges and insignia of World War II: Air Force, Naval, Marine. Blandford Colour Series. New York: Blandford Press Ltd. ISBN 0-671-06008-2.
  • "Указ Президиума ВС СССР от 25.05.1945 об изменении знаков различия – погонов для адмиралов флота" [Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces of 25 May 1945 on changing the insignia – epaulettes for fleet admirals]. wikisource (in Russian). Vedomosti of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. 1945. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
  • Manshū-koku seifu kōhō-bi-yaku 満州国政府公報日訳 [Manchurian Government Daily Gazette Translation (No. 71-No. 82)] (in Japanese). December 1932. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  • Manshū-koku seifu kōhō-bi-yaku 満州国政府公報日訳 [Manchurian Government Daily Gazette Translation (No. 227-No. 250)] (in Japanese). December 1934. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  • Manshū-koku seifu kōhō-bi-yaku 満州国政府公報日訳 [Manchurian Government Daily Gazette Translation (No. 292-No. 313)] (in Japanese). March 1935. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
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