Teratodontidae

Teratodontidae Temporal range: Middle Eocene - Late Miocene
Comparison of various Early to Middle Miocene hyaenodonts, including the hyainailurids Hyainailouros sulzeri (top) and Megistotherium osteothlastes (center), and teratodontid Dissopsalis carnifex
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	†Hyaenodonta
Superfamily:	†Hyainailouroidea
Family:	†Teratodontidae Savage, 1965
Subfamily:	†Teratodontinae Savage, 1965
Type genus
†Teratodon Savage, 1965
Genera
[see text]

Teratodontidae ("monstrous teeth") is a family of extinct predatory mammals from extinct paraphyletic superfamily Hyainailouroidea within extinct order Hyaenodonta. Fossil remains of these mammals are known from Middle Eocene to Late Miocene deposits in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and Asia.

Etymology

The name of the family and subfamily translates as "monstrous teeth" (from Ancient Greek τέρας (téras) 'monster', from Ancient Greek ὀδών (odon) 'tooth' and taxonomic suffixes "-idae" and "-inae".

Classification and phylogeny

Taxonomy

• Family: †Teratodontidae (Savage, 1965)
  • Subfamily: †Teratodontinae (Savage, 1965)
    • Genus: †Anasinopa (Savage, 1965)
      • †Anasinopa haasi (Tchernov, 1987)
      • †Anasinopa leakeyi (Savage, 1965)
      • †Anasinopa libyca (Morales, Brewer & Pickford, 2010)
      • †Anasinopa napaki (Savage 1965)
    • Genus: †Brychotherium (Borths, 2016)
      • †Brychotherium atrox (Holroyd, 1994)
      • †Brychotherium ephalmos (Borths, 2016)
    • Genus: †Ekweeconfractus (Flink, 2021)
      • †Ekweeconfractus amorui (Flink, 2021)
    • Genus: †Masrasector (Simons & Gingerich, 1974)
      • †Masrasector aegypticum (Simons & Gingerich, 1974)
      • †Masrasector ligabuei (Crochet, 1990)
      • †Masrasector nananubis (Borths & Seiffert, 2017)
      • †Masrasector pithecodacos (Holroyd, 1994)
    • Genus: †Metasinopa (Osborn, 1909)
      • †Metasinopa ethiopica (Andrews, 1906)
      • †Metasinopa fraasii (Osborn, 1909)
      • †Metasinopa osborni (Holroyd, 1994)
      • †Metasinopa sp. [DPC 4544 & DPC 10199] (Matthew, 2017)
    • Tribe: †Dissopsalini (Morales & Pickford, 2017)
      • Genus: †Buhakia (Morlo, 2007)
        • †Buhakia hyaenoides (Morales, 2003)
        • †Buhakia moghraensis (Morlo, 2007)
        • †Buhakia sp. I [Karungu, Kenya] (Savage, 1965)
        • †Buhakia sp. II [GSN GT VI 22’17] (Morales & Pickford, 2017)
      • Genus: †Dissopsalis (Pilgrim, 1910)
        • †Dissopsalis carnifex (Pilgrim, 1910)
        • †Dissopsalis pyroclasticus (Savage, 1965)
    • Tribe: †Teratodontini (Savage, 1965)
      • Genus: †Teratodon (Savage, 1965)
        • †Teratodon enigmae (Savage, 1965)
        • †Teratodon spekei (Savage, 1965)
        • †Teratodon sp. [DPC 8999] (Morlo, 2007)
    • Incertae sedis:
      • †Teratodontinae sp. (BC 2’08) (Pickford, 2008)
      • †Teratodontinae sp. (CBI-1-614) (Solé, 2016)

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of family Teratodontidae are shown in the following cladogram:

†Hyaenodonta	†Eoproviverra       †Boualitomidae           †Arfiidae     †Limnocyonidae       †Sinopidae       †Hyaenodontoidea         †Gazinocyon     †Pyrocyon       †Galecyon    †Afro‑Arabian clade      †Indohyaenodontidae     †Glibzegdouia       †Parvavorodon         †Koholiidae     †Tritemnodon       †Furodon     †Kyawdawia     †Paratritemnodon      †Teratodontidae   †Teratodontinae             †Teratodontini   †Teratodon    †Teratodon enigmae     †Teratodon spekei     †Teratodon sp. (DPC 8999)        †Anasinopa    †Anasinopa haasi     †Anasinopa leakeyi     †Anasinopa libyca     †Anasinopa napaki           †Masrasector aegypticum     †Masrasector ligabuei         †Masrasector nananubis    ?  †Masrasector pithecodacos        †Metasinopa    †Metasinopa ethiopica     †Metasinopa fraasii     †Metasinopa osborni     †Metasinopa sp. (DPC 4544 & DPC 10199)            †Brychotherium    †Brychotherium atrox     †Brychotherium ephalmos      †Dissopsalini   †Dissopsalis    †Dissopsalis carnifex     †Dissopsalis pyroclasticus      †Buhakia    †Buhakia hyaenoides     †Buhakia moghraensis     †Buhakia sp. I (Karungu, Kenya)     †Buhakia sp. II (GSN GT VI 22’17)            ?  †Teratodontinae sp. (BC 2’08)    ?  †Teratodontinae sp. (CBI-1-614)      †Ekweeconfractus  †Ekweeconfractus amorui             †Hyainailouroidea   †Apterodontinae       †Orienspterodon       †Hyainailourinae     †Hemipsalodon    ?  †Ischnognathus   †Akhnatenavus clade     †Akhnatenavus       †Paroxyaenini     †"Pterodon" sp. (BC 15’08)     †Hyainailourinae sp. (UON 84-359)     †Hyainailourinae sp. C (DPC 9243 & DPC 10315)     †Hyainailourinae sp. D (DPC 6545)         †Hyainailourinae sp. A (DPC 6555)     †"Pterodon" africanus     †Parapterodon       †"Pterodon" sp. (DPC 5036)     †"Pterodon" phiomensis   †Hyainailourini         †Kerberos     †"Pterodon" syrtos   †Pterodon clade     †Pterodontina           †Falcatodon     †Sectisodon       †Exiguodon     †Isohyaenodon zadoki           †Isohyaenodon  (†Isohyaenodontina)   †Isohyaenodon andrewsi       †Sivapterodon     †Hyainailouros bugtiensis         †Hyainailouros napakensis   †Hyainailouros       †Hyainailouros sulzeri     †Hyainailourinae sp. (GSN AD 100’96)       †Simbakubwa         †Leakitheriini     †Megistotherium         †Mlanyama     †Metapterodontini         †Pakakali     †Prionogalidae	†Lahimia clade †Arfia clade †Galecyon clade †Indohyaenodon clade †Tritemnodon clade †Kyawdawia clade †Masrasector †Hyainailouridae