Hyaenodontoidea

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Hyaenodontoidea Temporal range: 56.0–16.9 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Early Eocene to Early Miocene

skull of Hyaenodon horridus

fossil of Lesmesodon edingeri
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	†Hyaenodonta
Superfamily:	†Hyaenodontoidea Leidy, 1869^[1]
Families
†Hyaenodontidae †Proviverridae

Hyaenodontoidea ("hyena teeth") is a superfamily of extinct predatory mammals from extinct order Hyaenodonta. Fossil remains of these mammals are known from early Eocene to early Miocene deposits in North America, Europe and Asia.^[2]^[3]

Classification and phylogeny

Taxonomy

Superfamily: †Hyaenodontoidea (Leidy, 1869)
- Family: †Hyaenodontidae (Leidy, 1869)
- Family: †Proviverridae (Schlosser, 1886)

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of superfamily Hyaenodontoidea are shown in the following cladogram:^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

†Hyaenodonta

 

†Eoproviverra

 

 

 

†Boualitomidae

 

 

 

†Hyaenodontoidea

	†Hyaenodontidae

	†Proviverridae

 

 

 

 

	†Arfiidae

	†Limnocyonidae

 

 

†Sinopidae

 

 

 

 

	†Gazinocyon

	†Pyrocyon

 

 

 

†Afro‑Arabian clade

 

	†Indohyaenodontidae

	†Glibzegdouia

 

 

†Parvavorodon

 

 

 

	†Koholiidae

	†Tritemnodon

 

 

 

 

 

 

†Paratritemnodon

 

 

†Teratodontidae

 

 

†Hyainailouroidea

 

†Apterodontinae

 

 

 

†Orienspterodon

 

 

 

†Hyainailourinae

 

	†Hemipsalodon

?	†Ischnognathus

†Akhnatenavus clade

 

 

†Akhnatenavus

 

 

 

†Paroxyaenini

 

 

†"Pterodon" sp. (BC 15’08)

 

 

†Hyainailourinae sp. (UON 84-359)

 

 

†Hyainailourinae sp. C (DPC 9243 & DPC 10315)

 

 

†Hyainailourinae sp. D (DPC 6545)

 

 

 

	†Hyainailourinae sp. A (DPC 6555)

	†"Pterodon" africanus

	†Parapterodon

 

 

†"Pterodon" sp. (DPC 5036)

 

 

†"Pterodon" phiomensis

 

†Hyainailourini

 

 

 

	†Kerberos

	†"Pterodon" syrtos

†Pterodon clade

 

 

†Pterodontina

 

 

 

 

 

†Falcatodon

 

 

†Sectisodon

 

 

	†Exiguodon

	†Isohyaenodon zadoki

 

 

 

 

†Isohyaenodon (†Isohyaenodontina)

 

†Isohyaenodon andrewsi

 

 

	†Sivapterodon

	†Hyainailouros bugtiensis

 

 

 

†Hyainailouros napakensis

 

†Hyainailouros

 

 

	†Hyainailouros sulzeri

	†Hyainailourinae sp. (GSN AD 100’96)

 

 

†Simbakubwa

 

 

 

	†Leakitheriini

	†Megistotherium

 

 

	†Mlanyama

	†Metapterodontini

 

 

 

 

 

†Prionogalidae

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

†Lahimia clade

†Arfia clade

†Galecyon clade

†Indohyaenodon clade

†Tritemnodon clade

†Kyawdawia clade

†Hyainailouridae

 

References

^ Leidy J. (1869.) "On the extinct Mammalia of Dakota and Nebraska: including an account of some allied forms from other localities, together with a synopsis of the mammalian remains of North America." Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia 7: 1–472.
^ L. Van Valen (1967.) "New Paleocene insectivores and insectivore classification." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 135(5):217-284
^ Floréal Solé; Bastien Mennecart (2019). "A large hyaenodont from the Lutetian of Switzerland expands the body mass range of the European mammalian predators during the Eocene". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 64 (2): 275–290. doi:10.4202/app.00581.2018.
^ Borths, Matthew R.; Stevens, Nancy J. (2017). "Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)". Palaeontologia Electronica. 20 (3): 55A. doi:10.26879/776.
^ Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2019). "Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, 'Creodonta,' Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (1): e1570222. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222.
^ Floréal Solé; Bernard Marandat; Fabrice Lihoreau (2020). "The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian". Geodiversitas. 42 (13): 185–214. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13.
^ Solé, F.; Morlo, M.; Schaal, T.; Lehmann, T. (2021). "New hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the late Ypresian locality of Prémontré (France) support a radiation of the hyaenodonts in Europe already at the end of the early Eocene". Geobios. in press. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.004.

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Mirorder: Ferae
Clade: Pan-Carnivora
Order: Hyaenodonta

Superfamily:
†Hyaenodontoidea

Family:
†Hyaenodontidae

†Cynohyaenodon/Quercytherium
clade

†Cynohyaenodon ^{(paraphyletic genus)}
†Paracynohyaenodon
†Quercytherium

†Eurotherium clade

†Leonhardtina clade

†Leonhardtina

†Matthodon clade

†Matthodon

†Oxyaenoides clade

Subfamily: †Oxyaenoidinae	†Oxyaenoides

Subfamily:
†Hyaenodontinae

†Consobrinus †Propterodon ^{(paraphyletic genus)}
Tribe: †Epipterodontini	†Epipterodon †Immanopterodon
Tribe: †Hyaenodontini	†Hyaenodon (subgenera †Neohyaenodon ^{(paraphyletic subgenus)} and †Protohyaenodon ^{(paraphyletic subgenus)})

Family:
†Proviverridae

†Minimovellentodon †Morlodon †Parvagula
†Allopterodon/Proviverra clade	†Allopterodon †Lesmesodon †Proviverra

†Afro‑Arabian
clade

†Indohyaenodon
clade

†Glibzegdouia
Family: †Indohyaenodontidae	†Indohyaenodon †Yarshea

†Kyawdawia clade

†Kyawdawia

†Tritemnodon
clade

†Tritemnodon
Family: †Koholiidae	†Koholia

Superfamily:
†Hyainailouroidea
^{(paraphyletic superfamily)}

Family:
†Hyainailouridae
^{(paraphyletic family)}

Subfamily:
†Apterodontinae

†Apterodon
†Quasiapterodon

Subfamily:
†Hyainailourinae
^{(paraphyletic subfamily)}

†Akhnatenavus
clade

Tribe:
†Hyainailourini
^{(polyphyletic tribe)}

†Exiguodon
†Falcatodon
†Hyainailouros ^{(polyphyletic genus)}
†Parapterodon
†Sectisodon
†Sivapterodon

Subtribe:
†Isohyaenodontina
^{(polyphyletic subtribe)}

†Isohyaenodon ^{(polyphyletic genus)}

†Pterodon
clade

†Kerberos
Subtribe: †Pterodontina	†Pterodon
Incertae sedis:	†"Pterodon" syrtos

Incertae sedis:

Tribe:
†Leakitheriini

†Leakitherium

Tribe:
†Metapterodontini

†Metapterodon

Tribe:
†Paroxyaenini

†Paroxyaena

Incertae sedis:

Family:
†Prionogalidae

Family:
†Teratodontidae

Subfamily:
†Teratodontinae

†Anasinopa †Brychotherium †Ekweeconfractus †Masrasector ^{(paraphyletic genus)} †Metasinopa
Tribe: †Dissopsalini	†Buhakia †Dissopsalis
Tribe: †Teratodontini	†Teratodon
Incertae sedis:	†Teratodontinae sp. (BC 2’08) †Teratodontinae sp. (CBI-1-614)

other
representatives

†Arfia clade

Family: †Arfiidae	†Arfia

†Galecyon clade

†Galecyon

†Lahimia clade

Family:
†Boualitomidae

†Boualitomus †Lahimia
Incertae sedis:	†Boualitomidae sp. (Locality BQ-2, Fayum, Egypt) †Boualitomidae sp. (Quarry L-41, Fayum, Egypt)

Family:
†Limnocyonidae

†Iridodon †Limnocyon ^{(paraphyletic genus)} †Oxyaenodon †Prolaena †Prolimnocyon ^{(paraphyletic genus)} †Thinocyon
Incertae sedis:	†"Thinocyon" sichowensis

Family:
†Sinopidae

†Acarictis

†Sinopa clade

†Prototomus ^{(paraphyletic genus)} †Sinopa
Incertae sedis:	†Sinopidae sp. (FMNH PM 59529)

ichnotaxa
of Hyaenodonta

†Creodontipus †Dischidodacylus †Sarcotherichnus †Zanclonychopus
Ichnofamily: †Sarjeantipodidae	†Hyaenodontipus †Quiritipes †Sarjeantipes

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