Turkish Roma

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Trough Turkification and Assimilation in the Turkish culture over centuries,[1] this Muslim Roma have adopted the Turkish language and loss Romani, in order to establish a Turkish Identity to become more recognized by the Host population[2] and deny there Romani Background[3] to show there Turkishness. At Census the majority decleared themself as Turks instead as Roma.[4] They are Cultural Muslims who adopted Sunni Islam of Hanafi madhab at the time of the Ottoman Empire.[5]


History

In Ottoman Archives from the 18th century and 19th century, they are mentioned of the so called Turkman Kıptileri in the Balkans. They spoke only Turkish with very few Romani words in there jargon.[6] The Turkman Kıptileri once migrated from Anatolia to Marmara Region and finally settled in the Balkans and also in the Crimean Khanate at the time of the Ottoman Empire. Some descendants of this Turcoman Gypsys went after Bulgarian Declaration of Independence to Istanbul. Ernest Gilliat-Smith, explained in 1915, that this Turkish Roma in Bulgaria cant speak Romani language, and compare them with Turks rather then Romani people[7] The Greek Doctor A. G. Paspati made the statemant in his Book from 1860, that Turks married often Roma Woman, and the Rumelian Romani dialect is nearly lost by the Muslim Turkish Roma, who speak entirely Turkish[8]


Settlements and migration

The majority of Turkish Roma live in Turkey, but also significant Turkish Roma communitys live in Bulgaria, Greece (Western Thrace), in lesser case Romania (Dobruja) and Kosovo.[9] A small Muslim Turkish Roma communitiy live in Dobruja in Romania. They are the descendants of Muslim Roma who intermingled with Turks at the time of Ottoman Empire[10] Romanian Christian Roma Groups regard them simply as Turks (term for Muslims) and are distinct from them[11], .[12] In Kosovo live a Turkish Roma community named Divanjoldjije, they are named after there original settlement where they once came from, the Divanyolu Street in Istanbul, and settled in Pristina at the time of the Ottoman Kosovo.[13] Romanlar in Turkey came to Germany and Austria and other European Countrys as Gastarbeiter but they are fully assimilated within the Turks in Europe communities.[14] Since Bulgaria became Member in the European Union, Turkish Roma who call themslelfs Usta Millet from Bulgaria went to West Europe as Workers, many of this Turkish Roma Men married Polish Woman.[15]

References

  1. ^ Ülker, Erol (11 January 2008). "Assimilation of the Muslim communities in the first decade of the Turkish Republic (1923-1934)". European Journal of Turkish Studies. Social Sciences on Contemporary Turkey. doi:10.4000/ejts.822.
  2. ^ Yılgür, Egemen (1 January 2021). "Turcoman Gypsies in the Balkans: Just a Preferred Identity or More?". Romani History and Culture Festschrift in Honour of Prof. Dr. Veselin Popov / Hristo Kyuchukov, Sofiya Zahova, Ian Duminica. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  3. ^ Ozatesler, G.; Özate?Ler, Gül (11 February 2014). Gypsy Stigma and Exclusion in Turkey, 1970: The Social Dynamics of Exclusionary Violence. ISBN 9781137386618.
  4. ^ "The Muslim Gypsies in Romania". Scholarypublications.universiteitleiden.nl. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  5. ^ "Xoraxane Roma".
  6. ^ https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783050079851-022/pdf[bare URL]
  7. ^ Yılgür, Egemen (January 2021). "Turcoman Gypsies in the Balkans: Just a Preferred Identity or More?". Romani History and Culture Festschrift in Honour of Prof. Dr. Veselin Popov / Hristo Kyuchukov, Sofiya Zahova, Ian Duminica.
  8. ^ Paspati, A. G.; Hamlin, C. (1860). "Memoir on the Language of the Gypsies, as Now Used in the Turkish Empire". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 7: 143–270. doi:10.2307/592158. JSTOR 592158.
  9. ^ Kolukirik, Suat; Toktaş, Şule (2007). "Turkey's Roma: Political participation and organization". Middle Eastern Studies. 43 (5): 761–777. doi:10.1080/00263200701422675. S2CID 143772218 – via ResearchGate.
  10. ^ Grigore, George. "George Grigore. "Muslims in Romania", ISIM Newsletter (International Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World) no. 3, Leiden. 1999: 34".
  11. ^ Cupcea, Adriana (2020). "Remembering and being. The memories of communist life in a Turkish Muslim Roma community in Dobruja (Romania)". Balkanologie. 15. doi:10.4000/balkanologie.2497. S2CID 230699431.
  12. ^ "The Muslim Gypsies in Romania". Scholarypublications.universiteitleiden.nl. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  13. ^ Anderson, Bobby (September 2003). "Who We Were, Who We Are: Kosovo Roma Oral Histories".
  14. ^ https://www.coe.int/t/dg4/education/roma/Source/RomaniEurope_EN.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  15. ^ "Turkish Roma from Bulgaria and their Migration to Poland by ERSTE Foundation – Issuu".
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