Template:Infobox neptunium

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Neptunium, 93Np
Np sphere.jpg
Neptunium
Pronunciation/nɛpˈtjniəm/ (nep-TEW-nee-əm)
Appearancesilvery metallic
Mass number[237]
Neptunium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
Pm

Np

(Uqs)
uraniumneptuniumplutonium
Atomic number (Z)93
Groupgroup n/a
Periodperiod 7
Block  f-block
Electron configuration[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 22, 9, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point912±3 K ​(639±3 °C, ​1182±5 °F)
Boiling point4447 K ​(4174 °C, ​7545 °F) (extrapolated)
Density (near r.t.)alpha: 20.45 g/cm3[1]
accepted standard value: 19.38 g/cm3
Heat of fusion5.19 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization336 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity29.46 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 2194 2437
Atomic properties
Oxidation states+2, +3, +4,[2] +5, +6, +7 (an amphoteric oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.36
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 604.5 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 155 pm
Covalent radius190±1 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of neptunium
Other properties
Natural occurrencefrom decay
Crystal structureorthorhombic
Orthorhombic crystal structure for neptunium
Thermal conductivity6.3 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity1.220 µΩ⋅m (at 22 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[3]
CAS Number7439-99-8
History
Namingafter planet Neptune, itself named after Roman god of the sea Neptune
DiscoveryEdwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson (1940)
Main isotopes of neptunium
Iso­tope Abun­dance Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
235Np syn 396.1 d α 231Pa
ε 235U
236Np syn 1.54×105 y ε 236U
β 236Pu
α 232Pa
237Np trace 2.144×106 y α 233Pa
239Np trace 2.356 d β 239Pu
 Category: Neptunium
| references
U ←

i'box U

iso
93
Np (E)
→ Pu

i'box Pu

  Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Allotropes (demo)
Group (demo)
Period (demo)
Block (demo)
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Wikidata *
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2021-12-24)
See also Category:Infobox element data sets (0)

References

  1. ^ Sanchez, Rene G.; Loaiza, David J.; Kimpland, Robert H.; Hayes, David K.; Cappiello, Charlene C.; Myers, William L.; Jaegers, Peter J.; Clement, Steven D.; Butterfield, Kenneth B. "Criticality of a 237Np Sphere" (PDF). Japanese Atomic Energy Agency. Retrieved 2014-08-06.
  2. ^ Np(II), (III) and (IV) have been observed, see Dutkiewicz, Michał S.; Apostolidis, Christos; Walter, Olaf; Arnold, Polly L (2017). "Reduction chemistry of neptunium cyclopentadienide complexes: from structure to understanding". Chem. Sci. 8 (4): 2553–2561. doi:10.1039/C7SC00034K. PMC 5431675. PMID 28553487.
  3. ^ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.