Template:Infobox element/testcases-all-params

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This page tests most parameters of {{Infobox element}}. (Not yet complete, as of 07:16, 6 September 2017 (UTC))

Some parameters are hidden (e.g., |abundance= will not show when |abundance in earth's crust= is used). Values uses are for illustration demonstrating only (from various elements).

Live values (1)

Side by side comparison
{{Infobox element}}{{Infobox element/sandbox}}
Copper, 29Cu
Native copper (~4 cm in size)
Copper
Appearancered-orange metallic luster
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Cu)
  • 63.546±0.003
  • 63.546±0.003 (abridged)[3]
Copper in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson


Cu

Ag
nickelcopperzinc
Atomic number (Z)29
Groupgroup 11
Periodperiod 4
Block  d-block
Electron configuration[Ar] 3d10 4s1
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point1357.77 K ​(1084.62 °C, ​1984.32 °F)
Boiling point2835 K ​(2562 °C, ​4643 °F)
Density (near r.t.)8.96 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)8.02 g/cm3
Heat of fusion13.26 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization300.4 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity24.440 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1509 1661 1850 2089 2404 2834
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−2, 0,[4] +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.90
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 745.5 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1957.9 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 3555 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Atomic radiusempirical: 128 pm
Covalent radius132±4 pm
Van der Waals radius140 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of copper
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structureface-centered cubic (fcc)
Face-centered cubic crystal structure for copper
Speed of sound thin rod(annealed)
3810 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion16.5 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity401 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity16.78 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic[1]
Molar magnetic susceptibility−5.46·10−6 cm3/mol[2]
Young's modulus110–128 GPa
Shear modulus48 GPa
Bulk modulus140 GPa
Poisson ratio0.34
Mohs hardness3.0
Vickers hardness343–369 MPa
Brinell hardness235–878 MPa
CAS Number7440-50-8
History
Namingafter Cyprus, principal mining place in Roman era (Cyprium)
DiscoveryMiddle East (9000 BC)
Symbol"Cu": from Latin cuprum
Main isotopes of copper
Iso­tope Abun­dance Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
63Cu 69.15% stable
64Cu syn 12.70 h ε 64Ni
β 64Zn
65Cu 30.85% stable
67Cu syn 61.83 h β 67Zn
 Category: Copper
| references
Copper, 29Cu
Native copper (~4 cm in size)
Copper
Appearancered-orange metallic luster
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Cu)
  • 63.546±0.003
  •  (abridged)
Copper in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson


Cu

Ag
nickelcopperzinc
Atomic number (Z)29
Groupgroup 11
Periodperiod 4
Block  d-block
Electron configuration[Ar] 3d10 4s1
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point1357.77 K ​(1084.62 °C, ​1984.32 °F)
Boiling point2835 K ​(2562 °C, ​4643 °F)
Density (near r.t.)8.96 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)8.02 g/cm3
Heat of fusion13.26 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization300.4 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity24.440 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1509 1661 1850 2089 2404 2834
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−2, 0,[5] +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.90
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 745.5 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1957.9 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 3555 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Atomic radiusempirical: 128 pm
Covalent radius132±4 pm
Van der Waals radius140 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of copper
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structureface-centered cubic (fcc)
Face-centered cubic crystal structure for copper
Speed of sound thin rod(annealed)
3810 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion16.5 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity401 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity16.78 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic[1]
Molar magnetic susceptibility−5.46·10−6 cm3/mol[2]
Young's modulus110–128 GPa
Shear modulus48 GPa
Bulk modulus140 GPa
Poisson ratio0.34
Mohs hardness3.0
Vickers hardness343–369 MPa
Brinell hardness235–878 MPa
CAS Number7440-50-8
History
Namingafter Cyprus, principal mining place in Roman era (Cyprium)
DiscoveryMiddle East (9000 BC)
Symbol"Cu": from Latin cuprum
Main isotopes of copper
Iso­tope Abun­dance Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
63Cu 69.15% stable
64Cu syn 12.70 h ε 64Ni
β 64Zn
65Cu 30.85% stable
67Cu syn 61.83 h β 67Zn
 Category: Copper
| references

Live values (2)

Side by side comparison
{{Infobox element}}{{Infobox element/sandbox}}
Phosphorus, 15P
PhosphComby.jpg
Phosphorus
Pronunciation/ˈfɒsfərəs/ (FOS-fər-əs)
Allotropeswhite, red, violet, black and others (see Allotropes of phosphorus)
AppearanceColourless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet, black
Standard atomic weight Ar°(P)
  • 30.973761998±0.000000005
  • 30.974±0.001 (abridged)[10]
Abundance
in the Earth's crust5.2 (silicon = 100)
Phosphorus in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
N

P

As
siliconphosphorussulfur
Atomic number (Z)15
Groupgroup 15 (pnictogens)
Periodperiod 3
Block  p-block
Electron configuration[Ne] 3s2 3p3
Electrons per shell2, 8, 5
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting pointwhite: 317.3 K ​(44.15 °C, ​111.5 °F)
red: ∼860 K (∼590 °C, ∼1090 °F)[6]
Boiling pointwhite: 553.7 K ​(280.5 °C, ​536.9 °F)
Sublimation pointred: ≈689.2–863 K ​(≈416–590 °C, ​≈780.8–1094 °F)
violet: 893 K (620 °C, 1148 °F)
Density (near r.t.)white: 1.823 g/cm3
red: ≈2.2–2.34 g/cm3
violet: 2.36 g/cm3
black: 2.69 g/cm3
Heat of fusionwhite: 0.66 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporisationwhite: 51.9 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacitywhite: 23.824 J/(mol·K)
Vapour pressure (white)
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 279 307 342 388 453 549
Vapour pressure (red, b.p. 431 °C)
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 455 489 529 576 635 704
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−3, −2, −1, 0,[11] +1,[12] +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.19
Ionisation energies
  • 1st: 1011.8 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1907 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2914.1 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Covalent radius107±3 pm
Van der Waals radius180 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of phosphorus
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structurebody-centred cubic (bcc)
Bodycentredcubic crystal structure for phosphorus
Thermal conductivitywhite: 0.236 W/(m⋅K)
black: 12.1 W/(m⋅K)
Magnetic orderingwhite, red, violet, black: diamagnetic[7]
Molar magnetic susceptibility−20.8·10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)[8]
Bulk moduluswhite: 5 GPa
red: 11 GPa
CAS Number7723-14-0 (red)
12185-10-3 (white)
History
DiscoveryHennig Brand (1669)
Recognised as an element byAntoine Lavoisier[9] (1777)
Main isotopes of phosphorus
Iso­tope Abun­dance Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
31P 100% stable
32P trace 14.28 d β 32S
33P trace 25.3 d β 33S
 Category: Phosphorus
| references
Phosphorus, 15P
PhosphComby.jpg
Phosphorus
Pronunciation/ˈfɒsfərəs/ (FOS-fər-əs)
AppearanceColourless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet, black
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(P)
  • 30.973761998±0.000000005
  •  (abridged)
Abundance
in the Earth's crust5.2 (silicon = 100)
Phosphorus in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
N

P

As
siliconphosphorussulfur
Atomic number (Z)15
Groupgroup 15 (pnictogens)
Periodperiod 3
Block  p-block
Electron configuration[Ne] 3s2 3p3
Electrons per shell2, 8, 5
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting pointwhite: 317.3 K ​(44.15 °C, ​111.5 °F)
red: ∼860 K (∼590 °C, ∼1090 °F)[6]
Boiling pointwhite: 553.7 K ​(280.5 °C, ​536.9 °F)
Sublimation pointred: ≈689.2–863 K ​(≈416–590 °C, ​≈780.8–1094 °F)
violet: 893 K (620 °C, 1148 °F)
Density (near r.t.)white: 1.823 g/cm3
red: ≈2.2–2.34 g/cm3
violet: 2.36 g/cm3
black: 2.69 g/cm3
Heat of fusionwhite: 0.66 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporisationwhite: 51.9 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacitywhite: 23.824 J/(mol·K)
Vapour pressure (white)
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 279 307 342 388 453 549
Vapour pressure (red, b.p. 431 °C)
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 455 489 529 576 635 704
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−3, −2, −1, 0,[13] +1,[14] +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.19
Ionisation energies
  • 1st: 1011.8 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1907 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2914.1 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Covalent radius107±3 pm
Van der Waals radius180 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of phosphorus
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structurebody-centred cubic (bcc)
Bodycentredcubic crystal structure for phosphorus
Thermal conductivitywhite: 0.236 W/(m⋅K)
black: 12.1 W/(m⋅K)
Magnetic orderingwhite, red, violet, black: diamagnetic[7]
Molar magnetic susceptibility−20.8·10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)[8]
Bulk moduluswhite: 5 GPa
red: 11 GPa
CAS Number7723-14-0 (red)
12185-10-3 (white)
History
DiscoveryHennig Brand (1669)
Recognised as an element byAntoine Lavoisier[9] (1777)
Main isotopes of phosphorus
Iso­tope Abun­dance Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
31P 100% stable
32P trace 14.28 d β 32S
33P trace 25.3 d β 33S
 Category: Phosphorus
| references

Parameter list

This parameter list: 
See also: Infobox element/testcases-all-params demo.
{{Infobox element
|name=
|symbol=
|number=
<!-- image -->
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<!-- General properties -->
|pronounce=<!-- central data list -->
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<!-- Periodic table -->
|above=
|below=
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<!-- Physical properties -->
|physical properties comment=
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|phase=
|phase ref=
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|melting point K=
|melting point C=
|melting point F=
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|boiling point K=
|boiling point C=
|boiling point F=
|boiling point ref=
|boiling point comment=
|sublimation point K=
|sublimation point C=
|sublimation point F=
|sublimation point ref=
|sublimation point comment=
|density gplstp=
|density gplstp ref=
|density gplstp comment=
|density kgpm3stp=
|density kgpm3stp ref=
|density kgpm3stp comment=
|density gpcm3nrt=
|density gpcm3nrt ref=
|density gpcm3nrt comment=
|density gpcm3nrt 2=
|density gpcm3nrt 2 ref=
|density gpcm3nrt 2 comment=
|density gpcm3nrt 3=
|density gpcm3nrt 3 ref=
|density gpcm3nrt 3 comment=
|density gpcm3mp=
|density gpcm3mp ref=
|density gpcm3mp comment=
|density gpcm3bp=
|density gpcm3bp ref=
|density gpcm3bp comment=
|molar volume=
|molar volume unit =
|molar volume ref=
|molar volume comment=
|triple point K=
|triple point kPa=
|triple point ref=
|triple point comment=
|triple point K 2=
|triple point kPa 2=
|triple point 2 ref=
|triple point 2 comment=
|critical point K=
|critical point MPa=
|critical point ref=
|critical point comment=
|heat fusion=
|heat fusion ref=
|heat fusion comment=
|heat fusion 2=
|heat fusion 2 ref=
|heat fusion 2 comment=
|heat vaporization=
|heat vaporization ref=
|heat vaporization comment=
|heat capacity=
|heat capacity ref=
|heat capacity comment=
|heat capacity 2=
|heat capacity 2 ref=
|heat capacity 2 comment=
|vapor pressure 1=
|vapor pressure 10=
|vapor pressure 100=
|vapor pressure 1 k=
|vapor pressure 10 k=
|vapor pressure 100 k=
|vapor pressure ref=
|vapor pressure comment=
|vapor pressure 1 2=
|vapor pressure 10 2=
|vapor pressure 100 2=
|vapor pressure 1 k 2=
|vapor pressure 10 k 2=
|vapor pressure 100 k 2=
|vapor pressure 2 ref=
|vapor pressure 2 comment=
<!-- Atomic properties -->
|atomic properties comment=
|electronegativity=
|electronegativity ref=
|electronegativity comment=
|ionization energy 1=
|ionization energy 1 ref=
|ionization energy 1 comment=
|ionization energy 2=
|ionization energy 2 ref=
|ionization energy 2 comment=
|ionization energy 3=
|ionization energy 3 ref=
|ionization energy 3 comment=
|number of ionization energies=
|ionization energy ref=
|ionization energy comment=
|atomic radius=
|atomic radius ref=
|atomic radius comment=
|atomic radius calculated=
|atomic radius calculated ref=
|atomic radius calculated comment=
|covalent radius=
|covalent radius ref=
|covalent radius comment=
|Van der Waals radius=
|Van der Waals radius ref=
|Van der Waals radius comment=
<!-- Miscellanea -->
|crystal structure=
|crystal structure prefix=
|crystal structure ref=
|crystal structure comment=
|crystal structure 2=
|crystal structure 2 prefix=
|crystal structure 2 ref=
|crystal structure 2 comment=
|speed of sound=
|speed of sound ref=
|speed of sound comment=
|speed of sound rod at 20=
|speed of sound rod at 20 ref=
|speed of sound rod at 20 comment=
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
|speed of sound rod at r.t. ref=
|speed of sound rod at r.t. comment=
|thermal expansion=
|thermal expansion ref=
|thermal expansion comment=
|thermal expansion at 25=
|thermal expansion at 25 ref=
|thermal expansion at 25 comment=
|thermal conductivity=
|thermal conductivity ref=
|thermal conductivity comment=
|thermal conductivity 2=
|thermal conductivity 2 ref=
|thermal conductivity 2 comment=
|thermal diffusivity=
|thermal diffusivity ref=
|thermal diffusivity comment=
|electrical resistivity=
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=
|electrical resistivity ref=
|electrical resistivity comment=
|electrical resistivity at 0=
|electrical resistivity at 0 ref=
|electrical resistivity at 0 comment=
|electrical resistivity at 20=
|electrical resistivity at 20 ref=
|electrical resistivity at 20 comment=
|band gap=
|band gap ref=
|band gap comment=
|Curie point K=
|Curie point ref=
|Curie point comment=
|magnetic ordering=
|magnetic ordering ref=
|magnetic ordering comment=
|tensile strength=
|tensile strength ref=
|tensile strength comment=
|Young's modulus=
|Young's modulus ref=
|Young's modulus comment=
|Shear modulus=
|Shear modulus ref=
|Shear modulus comment=
|Bulk modulus=
|Bulk modulus ref=
|Bulk modulus comment=
|Poisson ratio=
|Poisson ratio ref=
|Poisson ratio comment=
|Mohs hardness=
|Mohs hardness ref=
|Mohs hardness comment=
|Mohs hardness 2=
|Mohs hardness 2 ref=
|Mohs hardness 2 comment=
|Vickers hardness=
|Vickers hardness ref=
|Vickers hardness comment=
|Brinell hardness=
|Brinell hardness ref=
|Brinell hardness comment=
|CAS number=
|CAS number ref=
|CAS number comment=
<!-- History -->
|naming=
|predicted by=
|prediction date ref=
|prediction date=
|discovered by=
|discovery date ref=
|discovery date=
|first isolation by=
|first isolation date ref=
|first isolation date=
|discovery and first isolation by=
|named by=
|named date ref=
|named date=
|history comment label=
|history comment=
<!-- Isotopes -->
|isotopes=
|isotopes ref=
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<!-- other -->
|engvar=
|QID=
 }}
{{Infobox element}}; labels & notes:
 
(Image)
 
 
 
GENERAL PROPERTIES
Name
Symbol
Pronunciation (data central)
 
Alternative name(s)
 
Allotropes
Appearance
<element> IN THE PERIODIC TABLE
Periodic table
 
 
 
Atomic number
Standard atomic weight (data central)
 
Element category (also header bg color)
 
 
(sets header bg color, over 'series='-color)
Group
 
 
Period
 
 
Block
 
 
Electron configuration
 
 
Electrons per shell
 
 
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
(general note)
Color
Phase
 
 
Melting point
 
 
 
 
Boiling point
 
 
 
 
Sublimation point
 
 
 
 
Density [g/L at s.t.p.]
 
 
Density [kg/m3 at s.t.p.]
 
 
Density [g/cm3 near room temperature]
 
 
 [g/cm3 near r.t.], #2
 
 
 [g/cm3 near r.t.], #3
 
 
Density (liquid, melting point) [g/cm3]
 
 
Density (liquid, boiling point) [g/cm3]
 
 
Molar volume
Unit defaults to cm3/mol
 otherwise set unit prefix=d for dm3/mol (gases)
 
Triple point
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Critical point
 
 
 
Heat of fusion
 
 
 
 
 
Heat of vaporization
 
 
Molar heat capacity
 
 
 
 
 
Vapor pressure
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vapor pressure
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ATOMIC PROPERTIES

Electronegativity
 
 
Ionization energy
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Atomic radius
 
 
 
 
 
Covalent radius
 
 
Van der Waals radius
 
 
MISCELLANEA
Crystal structure
 
 
 
Crystal structure
 
 
 
Speed of sound
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Thermal expansion
 
 
 
 
 
Thermal conductivity
 
 
 
 
 
Thermal diffusivity
 
 
Electrical resistivity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Band gap
 
 
Curie point
 
 
Magnetic ordering
 
 
Tensile strength
 
 
Young's modulus
 
 
Shear modulus
 
 
Bulk modulus
 
 
Poisson ratio
 
 
Mohs hardness
 
 
 
 
 
Vickers hardness
 
 
Brinell hardness
 
 
CAS Number
 
 
HISTORY
Naming
Prediction
 
()
Discovery
 
()
First isolation
 
()
Discovery and first isolation (1 or 2 dates)
Named by
 
()
 
(History comment)
ISOTOPES OF <element>
Isotopes of <element>
 
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References

  1. ^ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  2. ^ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
  3. ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Copper". CIAAW. 1969.
  4. ^ Moret, Marc-Etienne; Zhang, Limei; Peters, Jonas C. (2013). "A Polar Copper–Boron One-Electron σ-Bond". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 (10): 3792–3795. doi:10.1021/ja4006578. PMID 23418750.
  5. ^ Moret, Marc-Etienne; Zhang, Limei; Peters, Jonas C. (2013). "A Polar Copper–Boron One-Electron σ-Bond". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 (10): 3792–3795. doi:10.1021/ja4006578. PMID 23418750.
  6. ^ "Phosphorus: Chemical Element". Encyclopædia Britannica.
  7. ^ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  8. ^ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
  9. ^ cf. "Memoir on Combustion in General" Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences 1777, 592–600. from Henry Marshall Leicester and Herbert S. Klickstein, A Source Book in Chemistry 1400–1900 (New York: McGraw Hill, 1952)
  10. ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Phosphorus". CIAAW. 2013.
  11. ^ Wang, Yuzhong; Xie, Yaoming; Wei, Pingrong; King, R. Bruce; Schaefer, Iii; Schleyer, Paul v. R.; Robinson, Gregory H. (2008). "Carbene-Stabilized Diphosphorus". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 130 (45): 14970–1. doi:10.1021/ja807828t. PMID 18937460.
  12. ^ Ellis, Bobby D.; MacDonald, Charles L. B. (2006). "Phosphorus(I) Iodide: A Versatile Metathesis Reagent for the Synthesis of Low Oxidation State Phosphorus Compounds". Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (17): 6864–74. doi:10.1021/ic060186o. PMID 16903744.
  13. ^ Wang, Yuzhong; Xie, Yaoming; Wei, Pingrong; King, R. Bruce; Schaefer, Iii; Schleyer, Paul v. R.; Robinson, Gregory H. (2008). "Carbene-Stabilized Diphosphorus". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 130 (45): 14970–1. doi:10.1021/ja807828t. PMID 18937460.
  14. ^ Ellis, Bobby D.; MacDonald, Charles L. B. (2006). "Phosphorus(I) Iodide: A Versatile Metathesis Reagent for the Synthesis of Low Oxidation State Phosphorus Compounds". Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (17): 6864–74. doi:10.1021/ic060186o. PMID 16903744.

Index to element pages

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