Aganane Formation

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Aganane Formation
Stratigraphic range: Lower-Late Pliensbachian
~189–183 Ma
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofHigh Atlas
UnderliesAzilal Formation
OverliesImi-n-Ifri Formation
Lithology
PrimaryLimestone, dolomite
OtherSandstones
Location
Coordinates31°36′N 6°24′W / 31.6°N 6.4°W / 31.6; -6.4Coordinates: 31°36′N 6°24′W / 31.6°N 6.4°W / 31.6; -6.4
Approximate paleocoordinates25°54′N 4°18′W / 25.9°N 4.3°W / 25.9; -4.3
RegionAzilal
Country Morocco
Type section
Named forAganane Village, near Tizouggaghiyn
Aganane Formation is located in Morocco
Aganane Formation
Aganane Formation (Morocco)

The Aganane Formation is a Pliensbachian (Early Jurassic) geologic formation in the Azilal Province, central Morocco, known mostly for its rich tracksites (up to 1350 tracks) including footprints of thyreophoran, sauropod and theropod dinosaurs.[1] This formation has been dated to the Pliensbachian stage of the Lower Jurassic, thanks to the find of the ammonite Arieticeras cf. algovianum, indicator of Middle Domerian=Uppermost Pliensbachian) in the upper zone, and lower delimitation by the foraminifers Mayncina termieri and Orbitopsella praecursor (indicators of Carixian=Lower Pliensbachian age).[2] The dinosaur tracksites are all located a few metres below the Pliensbachian-Toarcian limit, being coeval and connected with the lowermost layers of the continental Azilal Formation. The Aganane Formation was also coeval with the Jbel Taguendouft Formation and the Tamadout 1 Formation, all developed along a local "platform-furrow" in the Middle Atlas Mountains, that act as a barrier controlling the western border of the Jurassic Atlas Gulf.[3] The nearshore sections, including both carbonate platforms and close to sea terrestrial facies where located on an isolated internal domain thanks to the control of the barrier, allowing the Aganane Formation to develop on a hot and humid climate, where a local algal marsh had intermittent progradations, intercalated with a layer of terrigenous continental origin.[3] The ichnosites were developed in tidal flats and coastal deposits suitable to sea floodings.[4]

Locations such as Ait Athmane recover the typical Sinemurian-Pliensbachian mediterranean lithiotid bivalve reefs, composed by aggrupation of aberrant bivalves.[5] These "Reefs" had a strong zonation, starting with the bivalves Gervilleioperna and Mytiloperna, restricted to intertidal and shallow-subtidal facies. Lithioperna is limited to lagoonal subtidal facies and even in some low-oxygen environments. Finally Lithiotis and Cochlearites are found in subtidal facies, constructing buildups.[6] Locally, these reefs were developed as shallow subtidal, cross-bedded floatstones, later evolving to layers with evidence of subaerial exposure, including lagoonal marls, and bioturbated red mudstones with root traces and calcrete.[5] These layers are abundant on the aberrant bivalves Lithioperna and Cochlearites, as well common corals, gastropods, the bivalve Opisoma and oncoids, all living in a sheltered lagoon in the interior of the local carbonate platform, similar to the Rotzo Formation of the Trento Platform.[5]

Dinosaur tracks

Theropoda

Genus Species Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images

Theropodipedia[7][1][8]

  • Theropodipedia ichnog. indeterminate
  • Issil-n-Aït Arbi tracksite
  • Aït Blal, Demnate tracksite
  • Tabant tracksite
  • Akourbi tracksite
  • Ansous tracksite

Footprints

Theropod tracks of uncertain affinity

Eubrontes[9]

  • Eubrontes isp.
  • Aït Blal, Demnate tracksite
  • Aït Kelelch, Demnate tracksite
  • Tizi-n-Aït tracksite

Footprints

Theropod tracks, type member of the ichnofamily Eubrontidae, incertade sedis inside Theropoda. Eubrontes is related to the Genus Dilophosaurus, representing a basal Neotheropods.

Cast of Eubrontes Gigantis track by Paul Olsen.jpg

Argoides[7][1][10]

  • Argoides isp.
  • Aït Blal piste, Demnate tracksite

Footprints

Theropod tracks, member of the ichnofamily Anchisauripodidae, incertade sedis inside Neotheropoda. Mistaken originally as coelurosaur tracks, this specimens have pes that resemble those of Noasaurids and other Abelisauroids.[11] Includes a pathologic trackway with evidence of limping, as well three morphtypes: Didactyl, tridactyl and tetradactyl theropod trackways.[1]

Carmelopodus[7][10]

  • Carmelopodus isp.
  • Tizi-n-Aït tracksite

Footprints

Theropod tracks, member of the ichnofamily Eubrontidae, incertade sedis inside Theropoda. Ceratosaur tracks. Includes the largest track from the Early Jurassic of Morocco.[11]

Megalosauripus[7][10]

  • Megalosauripus isp.
  • Tizi-n-Aït tracksite

Footprints

Theropod tracks, member of the ichnofamily Eubrontidae, incertade sedis inside Theropoda. Tetanuran tracks, some with Allosauroid resemblance.[11]

Sauropodomorpha

Genus Species Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images

Sauropodomorphidia[12][8]

  • Sauropodomorphidia ichnog. indeterminate
  • Issil-n-Aït Arbi tracksite
  • Tizi-n-Aït tracksite
  • Jbel Azourki tracksite
  • An tracksite
  • Timit tracksite
  • Tabant tracksite
  • Ibaqalliwn tracksite
  • Iba'ziz tracksite
  • Tigharguenine tracksite

Footprints

Sauropodomorph tracks of uncertain affinity

Otozoum[12][13]

  • Otozoum moodii
  • Otozoum isp.
  • Issil-n-Aït Arbi tracksite
  • Timit tracksite
  • Ibaqalliwn tracksite

Footprints

Sauropodomorph tracks, type member of the ichnofamily Otozoidae, incertade sedis inside Sauropodomorpha. Includes a gigantic 84 cm track that represents the largest Otozoum ever described in literature.[13]

Otozoum tracks cropped.jpg

Sauropodina[7][10]

  • Sauropodina ichnog. indeterminate
  • Tizi-n-Aït tracksite
  • Tabant tracksite
  • Ansous tracksite
  • Iba'ziz tracksite
  • Tigharguenine tracksite

Footprints

Sauropod tracks of uncertain affinity

Parabrontopodus[14]

  • Parabrontopodus isp.
  • Aguerd tracksite
  • Tizi-n-Aït tracksite
  • Tigharguenine tracksite

Footprints

Sauropod tracks, type member of the ichnofamily Parabrontopodidae, incertade sedis inside Sauropodomorpha. Includes tracks with pes similar to Vulcanodon (Maybe left by Tazoudasaurus?)

Ornithischia

Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Moyenisauropus?[15]

  • Moyenisauropus isp.
  • Ansous tracksite

Footprints

Thyreophoran tracks, type member of the ichnofamily Moyenisauropodidae, incertade sedis inside Neornithischia. Is considered synonymous with the ichnogenus Anomoepus. The tracks adscribed resemble basal Thyreorphora feet. The tracks related to the genus are vinculated with genera such as Scelidosaurus, whose fossils have been found on Pliensbachian strata of England.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Ishigaki, Shinobu; Lockley, Martin G. (March 2010). "Didactyl, tridactyl and tetradactyl theropod trackways from the Lower Jurassic of Morocco: evidence of limping, labouring and other irregular gaits". Historical Biology. 22 (1–3): 100–108. doi:10.1080/08912961003789867. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 129632881.
  2. ^ Dubar, G.; Mouterde, R. (1978). "Les formations à ammonites du Lias Moyen dans Ie Hapt Atlas du Midelt et du Tadla". Notes & M. Servo Geo/. Maroc. 274 (4): 77.
  3. ^ a b Michard, A. (March 2011). "Nouveaux guides géologiques et miniers du Maroc/New Geological and Mining Guidebooks of Morocco, volume 7: Haut Atlas occidental, Haut Atlas central nord-ouest". Notes & M. Servo Geo/. Maroc. 562 (1–3): 70–76. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  4. ^ Jossen, J.A. (1988). "Carte geologique du Maroc au 11100 000: Feuille Zawyat Ahancal". Notes & M. Servo Geo/. Maroc. 335 (4): 23–31.
  5. ^ a b c Brame, H. M. R.; Martindale, R. C.; Ettinger, N. P.; Debeljak, I.; Vasseur, R.; Lathuilière, B.; Bodin, S. (2019). "Stratigraphic distribution and paleoecological significance of Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian-Toarcian) lithiotid-coral reefal deposits from the Central High Atlas of Morocco". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 514 (2): 813–837. Bibcode:2019PPP...514..813B. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.09.001. S2CID 135361516. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  6. ^ Franceschi, M.; Dal Corso, J.; Posenato, R.; Roghi, G.; Masetti, D.; Jenkyns, H.C. (2014). "Early Pliensbachian (Early Jurassic) C-isotope perturbation and the diffusion of the Lithiotis Fauna: Insights from the western Tethys". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 410 (4): 255–263. Bibcode:2014PPP...410..255F. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.05.025. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  7. ^ a b c d e Ishigaki, S.; Jossen, J.A. (1988). "Les empreintes de Dinosaures du Jurassique inférieur du Haut Atlas central marocain". Notes et mémoires du Service géologique. 334 (1): 79–86. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  8. ^ a b Moussa, Masrour; Pérez-Lorente, Félix; Boutakiout, M.; Ladel, L.; Díaz-Martínez, I. (2010). "Nuevos yacimientos de icnitas domerienses en Ibaqalliwn (Aït Bou Guemez, Alto Atlas Central. Marruecos) [New Domerian dinosaur footprint sites from Ibaqalliwn (Aït Bou Guemez, Central High Atlas, Morocco)]" (PDF). Geogaceta. 48 (1): 91–94. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  9. ^ Plateau, H.; Giboulet, G.; Roch, E. (1937). "Sur la présence d'empreintes de Dinosauriens dans la région de Demnat (Maroc) [On the presence of dinosaur tracks in the Demnat region (Morocco)]". Comptes Rendus sommaires dela Société géologique de France. 7 (16): 241–242.
  10. ^ a b c d Jenny, J.; Jossen, J.A. (1982). "Découverte d'empreintes de pas de Dinosauriens dans le Jurassique inférieur (Pliensbachien) du Haut-Atlas central (Maroc) [Discovery of dinosaur footprints in the Lower Jurassic (Pliensbachian) of the central High Atlas (Morocco)]". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris, Série II. 294 (1): 223–226. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  11. ^ a b c Molina-Pérez, R. & Larramendi, A. (2019). Dinosaurs Facts and Figures: The Theropods and Other Dinosauriformes. Princeton University Press. p. 264. ISBN 9780565094973.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ a b Masrour, M.; Ladel, L.; Pérez-Lorente, F. (2015). "New theropod and prosauropod ichnites from Issil-n-Aït Arbi (Lower Jurassic, Central High Atlas, Morocco)" (PDF). Geogaceta. 57 (1): 55–58. Retrieved 1 April 2022.[dead link]
  13. ^ a b Moussa, Masrour; Pérez-Lorente, Félix (2014). "Otozoum trackway in Issil-Aït-Arbi (Lower Jurassic, Central High Atlas, Morocco)". Geogaceta. 56 (1): 107–110. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  14. ^ Nouri, J. (2007). "La paléoichnologie des empreintes de pas de dinosauriens imprimées dans les couches du Jurassique du Haut-Atlas Central". Université Mohamed. 1 (1): 1–125. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  15. ^ Moussa, Masrour; Pérez-Lorente, Félix; Boutakiout, M. (2014). "Icnitas tireóforas y terópodas en Ansous (Pliensbachiense, Alto Atlas Central, Marruecos) [Thyreophoran and theropod prints from Ansous (Pliensbachian, Central High Atlas, Morocco)]" (PDF). Geogaceta. 55 (1): 75–77. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
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