White Bluffs AVA

White Bluffs
Wine region
Type	American Viticultural Area
Year established	2021
Years of wine industry	52
Country	United States
Part of	Washington, Columbia Valley AVA
Other regions in Washington, Columbia Valley AVA	Ancient Lakes of Columbia Valley AVA, Horse Heaven Hills AVA, Naches Heights AVA. Lake Chelan AVA, The Burn of Columbia Valley AVA, Rocky Reach AVA, Royal Slope AVA, Walla Walla Valley AVA, Wahluke Slope
Growing season	237.5 GDD
Precipitation (annual average)	6 in (152 mm)
Soil conditions	Surface loess, sand, and flood-deposited silt
Total area	93,738 acres (146 sq mi)
Size of planted vineyards	1,127 acres (456 ha)
No. of vineyards	9
Grapes produced	Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Syrah
No. of wineries	1

White Bluffs is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located within Franklin County, Washington, about 10 miles (16 km) north of Kennewick, and lies entirely within the vast established Columbia Valley appellation. White Bluffs AVA was established by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau {TTB), Treasury on July 19, 2021 after reviewing a petition submitted by Whitman College geologist Kevin Pogue, on behalf of local winemakers and vineyard owners, proposing to establish "White Bluffs" viticultural area. Within its 93,738 acres (146 sq mi), the area has nine commercial vineyards cultivating approximately 1,127 acres (456 ha) and a single winery. The distinguishing features of White Bluffs are its topography, geology, soils, and climate.^[1]^[4]

Terroir

Topography and Geology

White Bluffs AVA is located on a broad elevated plateau that rises up, on average, 200 feet (61 m) above the surrounding landscape. The Ringold and Koontz Coulees divide the plateau into two distinct areas capped by flat regions with relatively even surfaces and south-facing slope aspects. Elevations within the area range from 700 feet (213 m) in the coulees to approximately 1,200 feet (366 m) in the northeastern section of the AVA. The majority of the AVA has elevations between 800 to 1,000 feet (244–305 m). By contrast, the regions surrounding the AVA are on the floor of the Columbia Valley and lower elevations. According to the petition, the relatively flat terrain of the AVA provides gently sloping vineyard sites. Southern aspects allow vines to absorb more solar energy per unit area than regions without a southern aspect. Greater solar energy absorption promotes an earlier onset of bud break, flowering, veraison, and harvest. The petition also states that vineyards planted on the plateau have a longer growing season than vineyards on the valley floor, where cold air pools and increases the risk of frost.^[1]

Soil

Beneath White Bluffs AVA is a thick layer of sedimentary rocks called the Ringold Formation, which was formed in lakes and rivers between 8.5 and 3.4 million years ago. The Ringold Formation overlies Columbia River basalt bedrock. The upper part of the Ringold Formation contains an erosion-resistant layer commonly referred to as caliche. This layer reaches depths of at least 15 feet (5 m) and limits root penetration and the water-holding capabilities of the soil. As a result, areas with thick layers of caliche must undergo ripping with bulldozers to break up the caliche before planting vineyards. By contrast, the Ringold Formation and the caliche layer are much thinner or entirely absent in the regions surrounding White Bluffs AVA, allowing roots to come into contact with the basalt bedrock and a variety of minerals including olivine and plagioclase feldspar. The soils of the AVA derive from wind-deposited silt and fine sand overlying sediment deposited by ice-age floods. Most of the flood sediment is a mixture of silt and sand that settled out of suspension in glacial Lake Lewis. The thickness of the flood sediment gradually increases with decreasing elevation, since there were multiple ice-age floods of varying intensity and the lower elevations were flooded more frequently. As a result, the soil depths on the plateau that comprises the AVA are likely to be thinner than those of the surrounding valley floor. The thinness of the soils in White Bluffs AVA allows roots to reach the clay-rich Ringold Formation. High clay content allows the soils to release water more slowly than sandier soils, putting less stress on grapevines during dry conditions.^[1]

Climate

The petition states that White Bluffs AVA has a longer growing season than the surrounding regions. According to the petition, the longer growing season means that the AVA is less prone to spring frosts that can damage the vines after bud break, and is also less likely to experience fall frosts that halt the ripening process and delay harvest. The growing season within the AVA averages 237.5 days, while the region to the north averages 200 days. The region to the east averages 169 days, and the region to the south averages 191 days. Climate data was not available for the region to the west of the appellation.^[1]

Industry

"White Bluffs is defined by great old vineyards that have a stellar reputation for producing fine wines,” said Kevin Pogue PhD, petitioner for White Bluffs. “With ample irrigation from the Columbia Basin Project, there’s plenty of room for expansion.” There are 1,127 acres (456 ha) of wine grapes currently planted between nine commercial vineyards, with many notable varieties, including Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Riesling and Sauvignon Blanc. Nearly one in every ten Washington wineries source fruit from the White Bluffs region.^[2] “Ninety-two wineries currently purchase fruit from our vineyards alone,” said Kent Waliser, Director of Wine and Grape Sales for Sagemoor Vineyards, which is a collection of four vineyards within the AVA. “A number of the vineyards have been around for over 40 years, so they’ve really stood the test of time. This is a place that’s been known forever, but not named until now. It’s about time that we can identify it as a place.”^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l "Establishment of White Bluffs Viticultural Area" (27 CFR 9 [Docket No. TTB–2020–0004; T.D. TTB–167; Ref: Notice No. 189] RIN 1513–AC57 Final Rule). Federal Register. Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau {TTB), Treasury. 86 (115): 32186–32189. June 17, 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 17, 2023. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ ^a ^b "White Bluffs AVA". WA Wine. Washington State Wine Commission Center. 2021. Archived from the original on December 2, 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Washington Adds Two American Viticultural Areas". WA Wine. Seattle, Wash.: Washington State Wine Commission. June 16, 2021. Archived from the original on April 2, 2024.}
^ Perdue, Andy (December 16, 2019). "New White Bluffs wine region will be north of Pasco". Tri-Cities Area Journal of Business. Kennewick, WA.

External links

TTB AVA Map

Coordinates: 45°45′26″N 120°22′55″W / 45.75726067°N 120.38208055°W / 45.75726067; -120.38208055

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[Establish-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l "Establishment of White Bluffs Viticultural Area" (27 CFR 9 [Docket No. TTB–2020–0004; T.D. TTB–167; Ref: Notice No. 189] RIN 1513–AC57 Final Rule). Federal Register. Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau {TTB), Treasury. 86 (115): 32186–32189. June 17, 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 17, 2023. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

[WA_Wine_AVA-2] "White Bluffs AVA". WA Wine. Washington State Wine Commission Center. 2021. Archived from the original on December 2, 2023.

[Two_New_AVAs-3] "Washington Adds Two American Viticultural Areas". WA Wine. Seattle, Wash.: Washington State Wine Commission. June 16, 2021. Archived from the original on April 2, 2024.}

[Tri-Cities-4] Perdue, Andy (December 16, 2019). "New White Bluffs wine region will be north of Pasco". Tri-Cities Area Journal of Business. Kennewick, WA.

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