Water for injection

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Water for injection
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Sterile water for injection
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Water for injection is water of extra high quality without significant contamination.[1] A sterile version is used for making solutions that will be given by injection.[2] Before such use other substances generally must be added to make the solution more or less isotonic.[3] It can be given by injection into a vein, muscle, or under the skin.[4] A non-sterile version may be used in manufacturing with sterilization occurring later in the production process.[5]

If it is given by injection into a vein without making it approximately isotonic, breakdown of red blood cells may occur.[3] This can then result in kidney problems.[3] Excessive amount may also result in fluid overload.[4] Water for injection is generally made by distillation or reverse osmosis.[5] It should contain less than a mg of elements other than water per 100 ml.[5] Versions with agents that stop bacterial growth are also available.[5]

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[6][7] Water for injection is available over the counter in the United States.[3]

Other names

Water for injection is also known as aqua ad iniectabilia or aqua ad injectionem.

References

  1. ^ "<1232> Water for Pharmaceutical Purposes" (PDF). hmc.usp.org. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 March 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  2. ^ World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. p. 493. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
  3. ^ a b c d "Sterile Water for Injection - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  4. ^ a b "Water for Injection - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 16 July 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  5. ^ a b c d Ghosh, Tapash K.; Jasti, Bhaskara R. (2004). Theory and Practice of Contemporary Pharmaceutics. CRC Press. p. 396. ISBN 9780203644478. Archived from the original on 16 January 2017.
  6. ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  7. ^ World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.

External links

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