Trichomanes

Trichomanes
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Division:	Polypodiophyta
Class:	Polypodiopsida
Order:	Hymenophyllales
Family:	Hymenophyllaceae
Subfamily:	Trichomanoideae
Genus:	Trichomanes L.
Synonyms
Muelleria Neck. Bosch Bergera W.Schaffn. ex Fée Feea Bory Hemiphlebium C.Presl Christ C.Presl Bory Bosch Prantl Bosch W.Schaffn. ex E.Fourn. C.Presl Gled. (Bosch) Ebihara & K.Iwats. Odontomanes Ragatelus Lecanium Leucomanes Mortoniopteris Neuromanes C.Presl C.Presl Holophlebium Homoeotes Hymenostachys Lacostea C.Presl C.Presl Pic.Serm. Trevis. Pic.Serm. (Prantl) Pic.Serm. Trichomanes subgen. Davalliopsis Bosch Pyxidaria Trigonophyllum Ptilophyllum Davalliopsis Pteromanes Achomanes Leptomanes Maschalosorus Neurophyllum

Trichomanes is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally necessitates a permanently humid habitat, and makes the fronds somewhat translucent. Because of this membrane-like frond tissue, the plant is prone to drying out. “Filmy ferns” in the taxa Hymenophyllaceae grow in constantly wet environments. Many are found in cloud forests such as “Choco” in Columbia. There are also members of the taxa that can grow submersed in water.

The name bristle fern refers to the small bristle that protrudes from the indusia of these ferns.

Taxonomy

The genus Trichomanes was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. Its status, like other genera in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, remains disputed. The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) accepts the genus as one of eight in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, saying that there are about 60 species. As of October 2019, the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World listed about 70 species. Other sources, including Plants of the World Online as of October 2019, treated Trichomanes as the only genus in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, so that it included all the other genera, and had about 250 species.

Species

As of June 2020, the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World accepted the following species:

• Trichomanes accedens C.Presl
• Trichomanes alatum Sw.
• Trichomanes anadromum Rosenst.
• Trichomanes ankersii Parker
• Trichomanes anomalum Maxon & Morton
• Trichomanes arbuscula Desv.
• Trichomanes aureovestitum Proctor
• Trichomanes bancroftii Hook. & Grev.
• Trichomanes bicorne Hook.
• Trichomanes bissei C.Sánchez
• Trichomanes boivinii Bosch
• Trichomanes botryoides Kaulf.
• Trichomanes caliginum Lellinger
• Trichomanes crassipilis Weath.
• Trichomanes crinitum Sw.
• Trichomanes crispiforme Alston
• Trichomanes crispum L.
• Trichomanes cristatum Kaulf.
• Trichomanes cupressoides Desv.
• Trichomanes dactylites Sodiro
• Trichomanes delicatum Bosch
• Trichomanes diversifrons (Bory) Mett.
• Trichomanes ebiharae Fraser-Jenk. & Kholia
• Trichomanes egleri P.G.Windisch
• Trichomanes elegans Rich.
• Trichomanes galeottii E.Fourn.
• Trichomanes guidoi P.G.Windisch
• Trichomanes holopterum Kunze
• Trichomanes hostmannianum (Klotzsch) Kunze
• Trichomanes humboldtii (Bosch) Lellinger
• Trichomanes jenmanii Lellinger
• Trichomanes kalbreyeri Baker
• Trichomanes killipii Weath.
• Trichomanes laciniosum Alston
• Trichomanes lozanoi M.T.Murillo
• Trichomanes lucens Sw.
• Trichomanes ludovicianum Rosenst.
• Trichomanes macilentum Bosch
• Trichomanes madagascariense (Bosch) Moore
• Trichomanes martiusii C.Presl
• Trichomanes micayense Hieron.
• Trichomanes mougeotii Bosch
• Trichomanes murilloanum A.Rojas
• Trichomanes osmundoides DC. ex Poir.
• Trichomanes padronii Proctor
• Trichomanes paucisorum R.C.Moran & B.Øllg.
• Trichomanes pedicellatum Desv.
• Trichomanes pellucens Kunze
• Trichomanes pilosum Raddi
• Trichomanes pinnatifidum Bosch
• Trichomanes pinnatum Hedw.
• Trichomanes plumosum Kunze
• Trichomanes poeppigii C.Presl
• Trichomanes polypodioides L.
• Trichomanes procerum Fée
• Trichomanes resinosum R.C.Moran
• Trichomanes ribae Pacheco
• Trichomanes robustum E.Fourn.
• Trichomanes roraimense Jenman
• Trichomanes scandens L.
• Trichomanes sellowianum C.Presl
• Trichomanes spruceanum Hook.
• Trichomanes steyermarkii P.G.Windisch & A.R.Sm.
• Trichomanes sublabiatum Bosch
• Trichomanes superbum Bosch
• Trichomanes tanaicum Hook.
• Trichomanes trichopodium A.Rojas
• Trichomanes trigonum Desv.
• Trichomanes trollii Bergdolt
• Trichomanes tuerckheimii Christ
• Trichomanes vandenboschii P.G.Windisch
• Trichomanes vaupesensis Lellinger
• Trichomanes vittaria DC.

Species formerly placed in this genus include:

• Trichomanes angustatum Carmich. = Polyphlebium angustatum (Carmich.) Ebihara & Dubuisson
• Trichomanes bauerianum Endl. = Callistopteris baueriana (Endl.) Copel – Bauer's bristle fern
• Trichomanes boryanum Kunze 1840 = Cephalomanes atrovirens C.Presl
• Trichomanes boschianum Sturm ex Bosch = Vandenboschia boschiana (J.W.Sturm ex Bosch) Ebihara & K.Iwats. – Appalachian bristle fern
• Trichomanes caudatum Brack. = Abrodictyum caudatum (Brack.) Ebihara & K.Iwats.
• Trichomanes intricatum Farrar = Crepidomanes intricatum (Farrar) Ebihara & Weakley – Weft fern
• Trichomanes melanopus Baker = Didymoglossum melanopus (Baker) Copel.
• Trichomanes petersii A.Gray = Didymoglossum petersii (A. Gray) Copel. – Dwarf bristle fern
• Trichomanes reniforme G.Forst = Hymenophyllum nephrophyllum Ebihara & K. Iwats.
• Trichomanes speciosum Willd. = Vandenboschia speciosa (Willd.) G. Kunkel
• Trichomanes tenuissimum Bosch = Polyphlebium tenuissimum (Bosch) comb. ined.
• Trichomanes venosum R.Br. = Polyphlebium venosum (R.Br.) Copel.