Timeline of Nanjing

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.

Prior to 3rd century

7000 BCE - Beiyinyang Neolithic people active.^[1]
472 BCE - Castle built near Yuhuatai by Yue (state).^[2]

3rd-12th centuries

229 CE - City becomes capital of Wu Kingdom.^[1]
258 CE - Imperial University founded.
313 - City renamed "Jiankang."^[2]
317 - Capital of Eastern Jin Dynasty relocated to Jiankang.^[3]
420 - City becomes capital of the Liu Song Dynasty.^[2]
479 - City becomes capital of the Southern Qi Dynasty.^[2]
502 - City becomes capital of the Liang dynasty.^[2]
557 - City becomes capital of the Chen Dynasty.^[2]
937 - Nan Tang in power.^[2]
1168 - Jiangnan Examination Hall built.^{[citation needed]}

14th century

Map of Nanjing (Jinling, Yingtian Fu) in Ming Dynasty

1367 - construction of Ming Palace begun, completed in 1368.
1368 - City becomes capital of Ming Dynasty, renamed Yingtian.
1373 - Hongwu Emperor substantially expands Ming Palace compound, completed in 1375.
1381 - Imperial University campus relocated to Xuanwu Lake.^[4]
1382 - Drum Tower built.^[2]
1386 - City Wall of Nanjing and Jubao Gate constructed.

15th-18th centuries

Nanjing, ca.1660s

1408 - Yongle Encyclopedia written.
1421 - Capital of Ming Dynasty relocated from Nanjing to Beijing.^[2]
1430 - Porcelain Tower of Nanjing built.^[5]^[6]
1441 - 1441 Yangtze flood.
1657 - City besieged by forces of Koxinga.^[7]
1723 - Viceroy of Liangjiang residence relocated to Nanjing.^[7]

19th century

1842
- British in power.^[6]
- 29 August: City hosts signing of Treaty of Nanking.^[6]
1853 - Battle of Nanjing (1853).
1856 - Battle of Nanking (1856).
1858 - City designated a Treaty port per Treaties of Tianjin.^[6]
1864 - Third Battle of Nanking.^[6]
1870 - Chaotian Palace and Presidential Palace built.
1890 - Naval college opens.^[6]
1899 - Foreign trade begins.^[7]

20th century

1902 - Sanjiang Normal College (later renamed Nanjing Normal University) founded.^[2]^[6]
1907 - Jiangnan Library opens.
1909 - Shanghai-Nanjing railroad opens.^[6]
1910
- Nanyang industrial exposition.^[7]
- Population: 140,000 (approximate).^[6]
1911
- 10 November: City besieged by Manchu forces.^[8]
- 2 December: Rebels take city.
1921 - Population: 380,000.^[9]
1927
- March: Nanking Incident.
- Nanjing Special (No.1) Popular Library founded.
1928
- Central Guoshu Institute established.
- Liu Chi-wen becomes mayor.^{[citation needed]}
1929 - Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum built.
1930 - Wei Tao-ming becomes mayor.^{[citation needed]}
1931 - City becomes capital of the Republic of China.
1935 - Nanjing–Tongling railway opens.
1936 - Jiangsu Art Gallery founded.^{[citation needed]}
1937
- Nanking Safety Zone set up.
- 9 December: Battle of Nanking begins.
- 12 December: USS Panay incident.
- 13 December: Japanese forces take city.
- Nanking Massacre.
1940
- City becomes capital of the Reorganized National Government of China.
- Cai Pei becomes mayor.^{[citation needed]}
1941 - Zhou Xuechang becomes mayor.
1949 - 23 April: People's Liberation Army takes city.
1952 - Nanjing College of Aviation Industry^[2] and Wutaishan Sports Center founded.
1953 - Nanjing University of Science and Technology founded.^[2]
1957 - Population: 1,419,000.^[10]
1958 - Taiping Kingdom History Museum active.
1968
- Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge constructed.^[11]
- Nanjing Railway Station opens.
1988
- December: Nanjing anti-African protests.
- Nanjing High-tech Industrial Development Zone established.^[12]
1994 - Jiangsu Sainty Football Club formed.
1995 - City administration re-organized.^[2]
1996 - Jiangsu Dragons basketball team formed.
1997 - Lukou Airport opens.
2000 - Jiangning District becomes part of Nanjing municipality.^[12]

21st century

2001 - Second Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge constructed.
2002
- Jiangpu and Liuhe districts become part of Nanjing municipality.^[12]
- Luo Zhijun becomes mayor.^{[citation needed]}
2004 - Longtan Containers Port Area opens.
2005
- Third Nanjing Yangtze Bridge and Nanjing Olympic Sports Center opens.
- Nanjing Metro and Nanjing–Qidong Railway begins operating.^[2]
- 10th National Games of China held.
2008
- Hefei–Nanjing Passenger Railway begins operating.
- World Urban Forum held.
2009 - Zifeng Tower built.
2010
- 28 July: Chemical plant explosion.
- Nanjing Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge built.
2013 - Air pollution in Nanjing reaches annual mean of 72 PM2.5 and 137 PM10, much higher than recommended.^[13]

References

^ ^a ^b Schellinger 1996.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Kenneth Pletcher, ed. (2011). Geography of China: Sacred and Historic Places. Britannica Educational Publishing.
^ Chye Kiang Heng (1999), Cities of Aristocrats and Bureaucrats: the Development of Medieval Chinese Cityscapes, Singapore University Press, ISBN 9971692236
^ Chia 2005.
^ C.C. Clarke (1820), The Hundred Wonders of the World (8th ed.), London: Phillips & Co.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Britannica 1910.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Madrolle 1912.
^ "Manchus' Day of Massacre" (PDF). New York Times. 11 November 1911.
^ Chu 1922.
^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279. Nanking
^ Meine Pieter Van Dijk (2006), Managing Cities in Developing Countries, Edward Elgar Publishing, ISBN 9781845428808
^ ^a ^b ^c Ivan Cucco (2008), "The Professional Middle Class", in David S.G. Goodman (ed.), The New Rich in China, Routledge, ISBN 9780415455640
^ World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva, archived from the original on 28 March 2014

This article incorporates information from the Chinese Wikipedia.

Bibliography

Published in the 14th-19th centuries

Hongwu Jingcheng Tuzhi [Illustrated Gazetteer of the Capital in the Hongwu Era]. 1395.
Chu Chih-fan; Lu Shou-po (1624). Jinling Tuyong [Gazetteer of Nanjing]. [1][2]
Johannes Nieuhof (1668), "(Nanking)", Legatio batavica ad magnum Tartariæ chamum Sungteium, modernum Sinæ imperatorem (in Latin), Amstelodami: Jacob von Meurs, OCLC 2134985
Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Nanking", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
Douglas, Robert Kennaway (1885). "Nanking" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (9th ed.). pp. 171–172.

Published in the 20th century

Louis Gaillard (1901), Nanking Port ouvert, Nankin d'alors et d'aujourd'hui (in French), Chang-Hai: Imprimerie de la Mission Catholique, OL 14264158M
Louis Gaillard (1903), Aperçu historique et géographique [Historical and geographical overview], Nankin d'alors et d'aujourd'hui (in French), Chang-Hai: Impr. de la Mission catholique, OCLC 6976461, OL 6962395M
"Nanking" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 162.
Claudius Madrolle (1912), "Nanking", Northern China, Paris: Hachette & Company, OCLC 8741409
Coching Chu (1922), The climate of Nanking during the period 1905-1921, Nanking, OL 7245788M
Schellinger and Salkin, ed. (1996), "Nanjing", International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania, Routledge, ISBN 9781884964046

Published in the 21st century

Lucille Chia (2005). "Of Three Mountains Street: the Commercial Publishers of Ming Nanjing". Printing and Book Culture in Late Imperial China. University of California Press.

External links

Items related to Nanjing, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America).
Items related to Nanking, various dates (via Europeana).

Coordinates: 32°03′00″N 118°46′00″E / 32.05°N 118.766667°E / 32.05; 118.766667

[FOOTNOTESchellinger1996-1] Schellinger 1996.

[pletcher2011-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Kenneth Pletcher, ed. (2011). Geography of China: Sacred and Historic Places. Britannica Educational Publishing.

[3] Chye Kiang Heng (1999), Cities of Aristocrats and Bureaucrats: the Development of Medieval Chinese Cityscapes, Singapore University Press, ISBN 9971692236

[FOOTNOTEChia2005-4] Chia 2005.

[5] C.C. Clarke (1820), The Hundred Wonders of the World (8th ed.), London: Phillips & Co.

[FOOTNOTEBritannica1910-6] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Britannica 1910.

[FOOTNOTEMadrolle1912-7] Madrolle 1912.

[8] "Manchus' Day of Massacre" (PDF). New York Times. 11 November 1911.

[FOOTNOTEChu1922-9] Chu 1922.

[10] United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279. Nanking

[VanDijk2006-11] Meine Pieter Van Dijk (2006), Managing Cities in Developing Countries, Edward Elgar Publishing, ISBN 9781845428808

[cucco2008-12] Ivan Cucco (2008), "The Professional Middle Class", in David S.G. Goodman (ed.), The New Rich in China, Routledge, ISBN 9780415455640

[13] World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva, archived from the original on 28 March 2014

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v t e Years in China (1880–present)
Qing dynasty (1636–1912)	Pre-1880 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911
Republic of China (on Mainland) (1912–1949)	1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949
People's Republic of China (1949–present)	1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Republic of China (on Taiwan) (1949–present)	1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022