Thomas Butler, 6th Earl of Ossory

For other people named Thomas Butler, see Thomas Butler (disambiguation).

Thomas Butler
Earl of Ossory
Detail, full portrait shown further down
Successor	James, 2nd Duke of Ormonde
Born	8 July 1634 Kilkenny Castle
Died	30 July 1680 London
Spouse(s)	Emilia van Nassau
Issue Detail	James, Charles, Henrietta & others
Father	James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond
Mother	Elizabeth Preston

Vice-Admiral Thomas Butler, 6th Earl of Ossory, KG, PC, PC (Ire) (1634–1680) was an Irish soldier and politician. He was the eldest son of James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond but predeceased his father and therefore never succeeded as duke.

Birth and origins

Thomas was born on 8 July 1634, at Kilkenny Castle. He was the eldest son of James Butler and his wife Elizabeth Preston. His father was then the 12th Earl of Ormond but would be raised to marquess and duke. His family, the Butler dynasty, is Old English and descends from Theobald Walter, who had been appointed Chief Butler of Ireland by King Henry II in 1177.

Thomas's mother was a second cousin once removed of his father as she was a granddaughter of Black Tom, the 10th Earl of Ormond. Her father, however, was Scottish, Richard Preston, 1st Earl of Desmond, a favourite of James I. Both parents were Protestants. They had married on Christmas Day 1629. He had three surviving brothers and two sisters, which are listed in his father's article.

Family tree

Thomas Butler with wife, parents, and other selected relatives. His mother was a second cousin once removed of his father as both descended from the 9th Earl of Ormond. James 9th Earl 1496–1546 Joan FitzGerald d. 1565 Thomas 10th Earl c. 1531 – 1614 Black Tom Elizabeth Sheffield John of Kilcash d. 1570 Katherine MacCarthy Theobald Viscount Tulleophelim d. 1613 Elizabeth Butler c. 1585 – 1628 Richard Preston 1st Earl Desmond d. 1628 Walter 11th Earl 1559 – 1633 'Beads' Helen Butler d. 1631 Thomas Viscount Thurles d. 1619 d.v.p.* Elizabeth Pointz 1587–1673 Elizabeth Preston 1615–1684 James 1st Duke 1610–1688 Richard of Kilcash 1615–1701 Thomas 6th Earl Ossory 1633–1680 d.v.p.* Emilia von Nassau 1635–1688 Richard 1st Earl Arran 1639–1684 Elizabeth Countess of Chesterfield 1640–1665 Walter of Garryricken d. 1700 d.v.p.* James 2nd Duke Ormond 1665–1745 Charles 1st Earl Arran 1671–1758 Elizabeth Butler d. 1717 Henrietta Butler d. 1724 Thomas of Garryricken d. 1738 Thomas Butler 1686–1689 John de jure 15th Earl d. 1766 Legend XXX Subject of the article XXX Earls & dukes of Ormond *d.v.p. = predeceased his father (decessit vita patris).

Early life

As the eldest living son, he was the heir apparent and was styled with the corresponding courtesy title, which initially was Viscount Thurles but changed to Earl of Ossory when his father became marquess in 1642. His early years were spent in Ireland until 1647 when his father abandoned Dublin to the parliamentarians and Ossory accompanied his father to England. In 1648 his father renewed his support for the royalist cause and he and his son had to flee to France, arriving in Caen in February 1648. Lady Ormond also moved to Caen, where she arrived on 23 June 1648 with his siblings. Ossory was educated at a school in Caen and was an accomplished athlete and a good scholar.

However the family soon ran into financial problems. In 1652 when Cromwell had completed the conquest of Ireland, Lady Ormond with the children went to London and obtained a pension of £2000 per year from the income from her Irish estates under the condition that none of it would be passed on to her husband. In 1655 Ossory was rightly suspected of sympathising with the exiled royalists, and was jailed by Oliver Cromwell. After his release about a year later he went into exile to the Netherlands where Charles II had his exile court at the time.

Marriage and children

On 17 November 1659, while in exile, Ossory married Emilia van Nassau, the second daughter of Louis of Nassau, Lord of De Lek and Beverweerd.

Thomas and Emilia had eleven children, including two sons:

1. James (1665–1745), became the 2nd Duke of Ormonde in 1688
2. Charles (1671–1758), became the de jure 3rd Duke of Ormonde, following his elder brother's attainder in 1715

—and three daughters:

1. Elizabeth (died 1717), married William Stanley, 9th Earl of Derby in 1673
2. Amelia (died 1760), inherited the estates of her brother Charles and never married
3. Henrietta (died 1724), married Henry de Nassau d'Auverquerque, 1st Earl of Grantham

At the restauration he accompanied Charles II back to England in 1660.

In 1661 Ossory became a MP for Bristol in the English and for the Irish houses of commons, representing Bristol in the former and Dublin University in the latter.

Writ of acceleration

In 1662 Ossory was called to the Irish House of Lords under a writ of acceleration as Earl of Ossory. His father had held the title "5th Earl of Ossory" as one of his subsidiary titles. The acceleration made Thomas Butler the 6th Earl of Ossory. This was the only substantive title he ever held, as he would predecease his father and therefore never succeed to his father's titles. His eldest son, however, would later be the 2nd Duke of Ormond and the 7th Earl of Ossory.

Military career

Lord Ossory held several military appointments;

Portrait by Sir Peter Lely

• lieutenant-general of the army in Ireland (appointed in 1665)
• created an English peer as Lord Butler (in 1666). Almost as soon as he appeared in the House of Lords he was imprisoned for two days for challenging the Duke of Buckingham
• Lord of the Bedchamber to Charles II (appointed in 1660), a post he held until his death

In 1665 a fortunate accident allowed Ossory to take part in the Battle of Lowestoft against the Dutch, and in May 1672, being now in command of a ship, he fought against the same enemies in the Battle of Solebay, serving with great distinction on both occasions. The earl was partly responsible for this latter struggle, as on 12 March 1672, before war was declared, he attacked the Dutch Smyrna fleet with his ship the HMS Resolution, an action that he is said to have greatly regretted later in life. While visiting France in 1672, he rejected the liberal offers made by Louis XIV to induce him to enter the service of France, and returning to England he added to his high reputation by his conduct during the Battle of Texel in August 1673. From 1677 until 1679, he served alongside his father as a Lord of the Admiralty.

Ossory was intimate with William, Prince of Orange, and in 1677 he joined the allied army in the Netherlands, commanding the British contingent and excelling at the siege of Mons in 1678. He acted as deputy for his father, who was lord-lieutenant of Ireland, and in parliament he defended Ormond's Irish administration with great vigour. In 1680 he was appointed governor of English Tangier, but his death prevented him from taking up his new duties.

Death, succession, and timeline

Ossory died on 30 July 1680 at Arlington House in London. He was buried provisionally in Westminster Abbey on 31 July 1680. The ceremony of burial was performed belatedly on 13 November 1680. Some say Ossory's body was later taken to Ireland and reburied in the family vault in St Canice's Cathedral, Kilkenny. James, his eldest son, succeeded him as the 7th Earl of Ossory and would in 1688 become the 2nd Duke of Ormond.

Timeline
Age	Date	Event
0	1634, 8 July	Born in Ireland at Kilkenny Castle.
8	1642, 30 Aug	Father advanced to Marquess of Ormond.
9	1643, Nov	Father appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
13	1647	Left Ireland for England with his father.
13	1648, Feb	Arrived at Caen, France, with his father.
14	1649, 30 Jan	King Charles I beheaded.
25	1659, 17 Nov	Married Emilia von Nassau.
25	1660, 29 May	Restoration of King Charles II
25	1660, about Jun	George Monck appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
26	1661, 18 Apr	MP for the University of Dublin in the Irish House of Commons.
27	1662, 21 Feb	Father re-appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
27	1662, 22 Jun	Became the 6th Earl of Ossory by writ of acceleration.
33	1668, 7 Feb	Appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland
37	1672, 12 Mar	Attacked the Dutch Smyrna fleet.
46	1680, 30 July	Died.

Notes, citations, and sources

Sources

• Airy, Osmund (1886a). "Butler, James, twelfth Earl and first Duke of Ormonde (1610–1688)". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. VIII. New York: MacMillan and Co. pp. 52–60. OCLC 8544105.
• Airy, Osmund (1886b). "Butler, Thomas, Earl of Ossory (1634–1680)". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. VIII. New York: MacMillan and Co. pp. 81–85. OCLC 8544105.
• Burke, Bernard; Burke, Ashworth Peter (1915). A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Peerage and Baronetage, the Privy Council, Knightage and Companionage (77th ed.). London: Harrison. OCLC 1155471554.
• Carte, Thomas (1851) [1st pub. 1736]. The Life of James Duke of Ormond. Vol. III (New ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. OCLC 1086656347. – 1643 to 1660
• Chester, Joseph Lemuel (1876). Registers of Westminster Abbey. London: Private Edition. OCLC 1140248. – Marriages, baptisms and burials from about 1660 to 1875
• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ossory, Thomas Butler, Earl of". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. XX (11th ed.). New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. pp. 354–355. OCLC 43740094.
• Cokayne, George Edward (1895). Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, or Dormant. Vol. VI (1st ed.). London: George Bell and Sons. OCLC 1180818801. – N to R (for Ossory under Ormond)
• Cokayne, George Edward (1910). Gibbs, Vicary (ed.). The complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant. Vol. I (2nd ed.). London: St Catherine Press. OCLC 228661424. – Ab-Adam to Basing (for Arran)
• Davies, J. D. (2004). "Butler, Thomas, sixth earl of Ossory (1634–1680)". In Matthew, Henry Colin Gray.; Harrison, Brian (eds.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 9. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 226–229. ISBN 0-19-861359-8.
• Debrett, John (1816). Peerage of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. I (10th ed.). London: F. C. and J. Rivington. OCLC 23089464. – England (for his sister Elizabeth, cited here because the corresponding page is missing in the 1828 edition.)
• Debrett, John (1828). Peerage of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. II (17th ed.). London: F. C. and J. Rivington. OCLC 54499602. – Scotland and Ireland
• Dunboyne, Patrick Theobald Tower Butler, Baron (1968). Butler Family History (2nd ed.). Kilkenny: Rothe House.
• Evelyn, John (1901). Bray, William (ed.). The Diary of John Evelyn. Vol. II (New, in two volumes ed.). New York & London: M. Walter Dunn. OCLC 954140620. – 1665 to 1706
• Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I., eds. (1986). Handbook of British Chronology. Royal Historical Society Guides and Handbooks, No. 2 (3rd ed.). London: Offices of the Royal Historical Society. ISBN 0-86193-106-8. – (for timeline)
• House of Commons (1878). Return. Members of Parliament – Part II. Parliaments of Great Britain, 1705–1796. Parliaments of the United Kingdom, 1801–1874. Parliaments and Conventions of the Estates of Scotland, 1357–1707. Parliaments of Ireland, 1599–1800. London: His/Her Majesty's Stationery Office. OCLC 13112546. (for the subject as MP)
• Lodge, John (1789). Archdall, Mervyn (ed.). The Peerage of Ireland or, A Genealogical History of the Present Nobility of that Kingdom. Vol. IV. Dublin: James Moore. OCLC 264906028. – Viscounts
• Perceval-Maxwell, Michael (2004). "Butler [née Preston] Elizabeth, duchess of Ormond and suo jure Lady Dingwall (1615–1684)". In Matthew, Henry Colin Gray.; Harrison, Brian (eds.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 9. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 130–131. ISBN 0-19-861359-8.
• Ward, Adolphus William (1886). "Butler, James, second Duke of Ormonde (1665–1745)". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. VIII. New York: MacMillan and Co. pp. 60–65. OCLC 8544105.