State of Buryat-Mongolia

State of Buryat-Mongolia Буряад-Монгол улас (Buryat) ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠠᠳ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠰ (Buryat)
1917–1921
Buryat-Mongolia in green, Mongolia in darker green
Capital	Chita
Common languages	Buryat-Mongolian, Mongolian, Russian
Religion	Tibetan Buddhism, Orthodox Christianity
Government	Republic
Legislature	Burnatskom
History
• Independence	25 April 1917
• Dissolution	1921
Currency	Rouble of Russian Empire
Preceded by Succeeded by Russian Republic Far Eastern Republic Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

The State of Buryat-Mongolia (Buryat: Буряад-Монгол улас, ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠠᠳ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠰ) was a buffer Buryat-Mongolian state, which existed during the Russian Civil War. It was established according to the decision of the first All-Buryat congress on 25 April 1917. The main government body was Burnatskom, the Buryat National Committee.

After the collapse of the Soviet regime under the advancement of the Whites and the Czechoslovakian division, the State of Buryat-Mongolia was recognized by the Soviets in 1918, and later also by Grigory Semyonov's Government of Transbaikalia. The state de facto ceased to exist after the formation of the Far Eastern Republic, which had divided Buryat-Mongolia in two halves: 4 aimags became part of the Far Eastern Republic, while the other 4 formed Buryat-Mongol autonomies of RSFSR.

History

After the declaration of independence from China in 1911 by Outer Mongolia, a national liberation movement arose in Buryat-Mongolia, which set itself the goal of reunification with Mongolia. The provisional government established during the February Revolution was unable to maintain control over the distant regions of Russia, including Buryat-Mongolia, where there were many different political groups: Bolsheviks, monarchists, pan-Mongolists, etc. On April 25, 1917, the First All-Buryat Congress was proclaimed the creation of the State of Buryat-Mongolia.

The project of the state was proposed by Mikhail Bogdanov. According to him, Buryat-Mongolia included the lands around Baikal, inhabited by the Buryat population. A striped national-territorial structure was created. The lands of Buryat-Mongolia was interspersed with lands inhabited by Russians, and the state did not have a single territory. At the First All-Buryat Congress, the division of the Buryat lands into somons , khoshuns and aimaks was adopted. The highest body of the state was "Buryad-Mongol ulasyn suglaan" - Burnatsky , located in Chita and having a branch in Irkutsk. Burnatsky led an independent financial policy, including collecting taxes by 1919.

In 1918, due to the establishment of the power of Ataman Semyonov in Transbaikalia, some members of the Burnatsky Committee left it. Instead of them, supporters of the White Russians are introduced into its composition. In the autumn of 1919, Burnatsky, transformed into Burnardum, was actually defeated due to disagreement with the policy of Ataman Semyonov, however, he announced his dissolution only in October 1920.

At the same time, the State of Buryat-Mongolia actually ceased to exist, in 1921 divided between the RSFSR and the Far Eastern Republic . In the latter, the Buryat-Mongolian Autonomous Oblast was formed in April 1921 . In January 1922, the Mongolian-Buryat Autonomous Oblast was formed in the RSFSR.