Sportswashing

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File:1936 Olympic Games Poster.jpg
The 1936 Summer Olympic Games in Berlin, during Nazi Germany, is widely seen as an early case of sportwashing

Sportswashing is a term used to describe the practice of individuals, groups, corporations, or governments using sports to improve reputations tarnished by wrongdoing. Sportswashing can be accomplished through hosting sporting events, purchasing or sponsoring sporting teams, or participating in a sport. At the international level, it is believed that sportswashing has been used to direct attention away from poor human rights records and corruption scandals. At the individual and corporate levels, it is believed that sportswashing has been used to cover up vices, crimes, and scandals. Sportswashing is an example of reputation laundering.

Overview

President Vladimir Putin holding the FIFA World Cup Trophy at a pre-tournament ceremony in Moscow on 9 September 2017

Internationally, sportswashing has been described as part of a country's soft power.[1][2][3][4] Russia's hosting of the 2018 FIFA World Cup has been cited as an example, as the country's global reputation was low due to its foreign policy and the event changed the focus of discussions to the success of the World Cup.[5]

People from countries[which?] accused of sportswashing often argue that they simply want to enjoy sporting events in their home countries and that sporting boycotts and event re-location are both unfair on sporting fans and ineffective in changing government policy.[6][unreliable source?]

Companies that have been accused of sportswashing include Ineos, who became the main sponsor of the cycling's Team Sky in 2019, which lead to it being renamed Team Ineos and later the Ineos Grenadiers,[7] and Arabtec, a company from the UAE who sponsored Manchester City F.C.[8]

Sportswashing is considered a potentially costly form of propaganda. For example, In March 2021 human rights organization Grant Liberty said that Saudi Arabia alone has spent at least $1.5 billion on alleged sportswashing activities.[9][10]

Examples

Corporate sponsorship sportwashing

Luis Suárez wearing FC Barcelona jersey bearing Qatar Airways logo as sponsor

Hosting

Basketball

Boxing

Cycling

Football tournaments

Russia handing over the symbolic relay baton for the hosting rights of the 2022 FIFA World Cup to Qatar in June 2018
Chelsea playing against Arsenal at Baku Olympic Stadium during the UEFA Europa League Final on 29 May 2019

Esports

Golf

Motorsport

Formula One
Russian President Vladimir Putin congratulates Lewis Hamilton, the winner of 2014 Russian Grand Prix
Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev awarding the 2019 Azerbaijan Grand Prix trophy to race winner Valtteri Bottas
Formula E
Grand Prix Motorcycle Racing
Rally

Olympic Games

File:Olympictorche-Berlin.jpg
Siegfried Eifrig carrying the 1936 Summer Olympics Flame at the end of the relay

Rugby Union

Police officers guarding a barbed wire perimeter around Eden Park near Kingsland railway station in New Zealand during 1981 South African rugby tour.

South Africa Tours in the Apartheid era[21]

During the Communist rule, Romania held several Rugby Union Tours

  • The 1973 Romania tour to Argentina
  • The 1975 Romania tour to New Zealand
  • The 1979 Romania tour to Wales
  • The 1980 Romania tour to Ireland
  • The 1981 Romania tour to Scotland
  • The 1984–85 Romania tour to England

During the military rule in Fiji, the country held some amount of Rugby Union Tours

  • The 1989 Fiji tour to Europe
  • The 1989 Fiji tour to Oceania
  • The 1990 Fiji tour to Hong Kong and France
  • The 1995 Fiji tour to Wales and Ireland
  • The 1996 Fiji tour to Hong Kong
  • The 1996 Fiji tour to New Zealand and South Africa
  • The 1997 Fiji tour to New Zealand

During the 1976-83 military dictatorship in Argentina seven countries played Argentina: New Zealand, Australia, Fiji, Wales, England, Italy and France

  • The 1976 Argentina tour to Wales with one provincial match in England v North & Midlands
  • The 1976 New Zealand tour to Argentina with a match against Uruguay
  • The 1977 France tour to Argentina
  • The 1978 Argentina tour to England with a match in Wales a unofficial international against Wales B a provincial match in Ireland v Leinster and a test match in Italy
  • The 1979 Argentina tour to New Zealand
  • The 1979 Australia tour to Argentina
  • The 1980 Fiji tour to Argentina
  • The 1981 England tour to Argentina
  • The 1982 Argentina tour to France and Spain
  • The 1983 Argentina tour to Australia

Tennis

Wrestling

Other events

Paramount leader of China Xi Jinping attends the opening ceremony of 2019 Military World Games in Wuhan, China

Individual sportwashing

  • Daniel Kinahan's involvement in boxing as a promoter.[106]
  • The Al Maktoum family's ownership of Godolphin and Essential Quality.[107]
  • Brother of Venezuelan PSUV politician and Bolibourgeoisie Jesse Chacón, Arné Chacón ownership of stable in Florida called Gadu Racing Stable Corp and participation of horse racing in United States.[108]
  • Chechnya leader Ramzan Kadyrov ownership of horse Mourilyan which competed in Melbourne Cup horse racing. The participation has gained controversy in Australia. Australian Senator Bob Brown called the Australian government to quarantine the prize money as concern of money laundering.[109] and having runners in various meetings in the UK especially Royal Ascot
  • International Cycling Union presenting a certificate of appreciation to Turkmen dictator Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow for "in development of sport and consolidation of universal peace and progress".[110]
  • The third World Cup title of Brazil in Mexico were used by the Brazilian Military Dictatorship to patriotic propaganda and cleaning up the government's image among the population, in addition to covering up the human rights violations that occurred at this time.

Team ownership

Association football

Newcastle United fans celebrating the completed takeover of the team outside St James' Park on 7 October 2021

Basketball

  • Russian businessman Mikhail Prokhorov ownership of NBA team Brooklyn Nets. Prokhorov was known to be a close ally to Russian President Vladimir Putin. In 2017, Prokhorov sold the team which was alleged to be a request from Putin.[129] The team was later bought by Hong Kong businessman Joe Tsai. Tsai was previously criticized for his praise of China's restrictions on personal freedoms and expressing his support of Hong Kong national security law.[130]

Cricket

Cycling

Motorsport

See also

References

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