South Auckland volcanic field

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South Auckland volcanic field
Highest point
Elevation379 m (1,243 ft)
Coordinates37°11′44″S 175°01′05″E / 37.195506°S 175.018135°E / -37.195506; 175.018135Coordinates: 37°11′44″S 175°01′05″E / 37.195506°S 175.018135°E / -37.195506; 175.018135
Geology
Age of rockPleistocene
Mountain typeVolcanic field
Type of rockBasalt
Last eruptionc. 550,000 years ago

The South Auckland volcanic field, also known as the Franklin Volcanic Field, is an area of extinct monogenetic volcanoes around Pukekohe, the Franklin area and north-western Waikato, south of the Auckland volcanic field. The field contains at least 82 volcanoes, which erupted between 550,000 and 1,600,000 years ago.[1]

Features

The field extends from Pukekiwiriki east of Papakura in the north and Pukekawa in the south. The field contains at least 82 volcanoes, and is older than the Auckland volcanic field to the north.[2] The youngest volcanoes are likely the Bombay Hills shield volcano, which erupted an estimated 600,000 years ago, and Pukekohe Hill, the largest shield volcano of the field, which erupted an estimated 550,000 years ago.[2] The field can be divided into three broad geographic areas: the north-eastern section, which consists of eroded remnants of lava flows and scoria cones, some of which are found in the south-western Hunua Ranges, the southern section to the south of the Waikato River, which features many of the more recent and better preserved scoria cones, and the central section, which forms much of the low-lying land of the Pukekohe area, between the Manukau Harbour and Waikato River.[3]

Context

Other basaltic volcanic fields that are also now thought to represent intraplate volcanism active in the Pleistocene are adjacent from the south in a more recent to the north trend.[4] As already mentioned the younger Auckland volcanic field is to its immediate north.[4] To the south west is the older Ngatutura Volcanic Field which was active between 1,830,000 to 1,540,000 years ago and these locations fit with the south north trend being related to the opening of the Hauraki Rift in the Miocene or fracturing of the lithosphere.[5] To its west, are the even older volcanoes associated with the Northland-Mohakatino volcanic belt (Mohakatino Volcanic Arc) which are of a subduction-related origin[1] but which include the still active Mount Taranaki at the southern end of this belt. To the south and east, visible on the horizon from the Bombay Hills are back arc volcanoes. These include the volcanoes of the Taupō Volcanic Zone to the south which have now been continuously active for over 2 million years. This was also the time that activity ceased in the extinct volcanoes of the Coromandel Peninsula in the Coromandel Volcanic Zone to the east.

Identification

The volcanic nature of the Tuakau and Pukekohe areas was first identified by Ferdinand von Hochstetter in 1859, however the first volcanic cones only began to be identified in the mid-20th century.[3]

List of volcanoes

Volcanoes Age (thousand years) Height Location (Coordinates) Refs Images
Helvetia Tuff Ring 37°11′35″S 174°52′23″E / 37.193°S 174.873°E / -37.193; 174.873 [3]
Hunua Falls 37°04′06″S 175°05′24″E / 37.068465°S 175.089933°E / -37.068465; 175.089933 [2][6]
Onepoto 129 metres (423 ft) 37°17′20″S 174°53′06″E / 37.288833°S 174.884917°E / -37.288833; 174.884917 [2][7]
Paerata Tuff Ring North 37°09′29″S 174°54′29″E / 37.158°S 174.908°E / -37.158; 174.908 [3]
Paerata Tuff Ring South 37°10′01″S 174°55′12″E / 37.167°S 174.920°E / -37.167; 174.920 [3]
Peach Hill 265 metres (869 ft) 37°09′36″S 175°06′08″E / 37.160113°S 175.102246°E / -37.160113; 175.102246 [2][8]
Pollock Rd Shield Volcano 37°13′05″S 174°52′05″E / 37.218°S 174.868°E / -37.218; 174.868 [3]
Pukekawa 277 metres (909 ft) 37°20′06″S 174°58′55″E / 37.335067°S 174.982017°E / -37.335067; 174.982017 [2][9]
Pukekiwiriki 210 metres (690 ft) 37°03′50″S 175°00′01″E / 37.064002°S 175.000366°E / -37.064002; 175.000366 [2][10]
Pukekohe North Tuff Ring 37°10′34″S 174°54′07″E / 37.176°S 174.902°E / -37.176; 174.902 [3]
Pukekohe East Explosion Crater 37°11′31″S 174°56′31″E / 37.192°S 174.942°E / -37.192; 174.942 [3]
Pukeotahinga 301 metres (988 ft) 37°20′09″S 174°51′32″E / 37.335701°S 174.858921°E / -37.335701; 174.858921 [2][11]
Pukekohe Hill 122 metres (400 ft) 37°13′44″S 174°53′36″E / 37.228917°S 174.893246°E / -37.228917; 174.893246 [2][12]
Puketutu 379 metres (1,243 ft) 37°11′44″S 175°01′05″E / 37.195506°S 175.018135°E / -37.195506; 175.018135 [2][13]
Puni Domain Shield Volcano 37°13′48″S 174°52′19″E / 37.230°S 174.872°E / -37.230; 174.872 [3]
Rooseville Tuff Ring North 37°11′31″S 174°55′01″E / 37.192°S 174.917°E / -37.192; 174.917 [3]
Rooseville Tuff Ring South 37°11′56″S 174°55′34″E / 37.199°S 174.926°E / -37.199; 174.926 [3]


Tikorangi 122 metres (400 ft) 37°18′28″S 174°50′59″E / 37.30785°S 174.849652°E / -37.30785; 174.849652 [2][14]

References

  1. ^ a b Bischoff, Alan; Barriera, Andrea; Begg, Mac; Nicola, Andrew; Colea, Jim; Sahoo, Tusar (2020). "Magmatic and Tectonic Interactions Revealed by Buried Volcanoes in Te Riu-a-Māui/Zealandia Sedimentary Basins" (PDF). New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. pp. 378–401. doi:10.1080/00288306.2020.1773510.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Hayward, Bruce W. (2017). Out of the Ocean, Into the Fire. Geoscience Society of New Zealand. pp. 207–211. ISBN 978-0-473-39596-4.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Hayward, Bruce W (2015). "Helvetia Volcano–A Newly Recognised Tuff Ring and Maar In The South Auckland Volcanic Field". Auckland GeoClub Magazine (12).
  4. ^ a b Briggs, R. M.; Itaya, T.; Lowe, D. J.; Keane, A. J. (1989). "Ages of the Pliocene-Pleistocene Alexandra and Ngatatura Volcanics, western North Island, New Zealand, and some geological implications". New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 32 (4): 417–427. doi:10.1080/00288306.1989.10427549.
  5. ^ Le Corvec, Nicolas; Bebbington, Mark S.; Lindsay, Jan M.; McGee, Lucy E. (2013). "Age, distance, and geochemical evolution within a monogenetic volcanic field: Analyzing patterns in the Auckland Volcanic Field eruption sequence". Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. 14 (9): 3648–3665. doi:10.1002/ggge.20223.
  6. ^ "Hunua Falls". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  7. ^ "Onepoto". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  8. ^ "Peach Hill". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  9. ^ "Pukekawa". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  10. ^ "Pukekiwiriki". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  11. ^ "Pukeotahinga". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  12. ^ "Pukekohe Hill". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  13. ^ "Puketutu". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  14. ^ "Tikorangi Hill". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
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