Signakh uezd

Signakh uezd

Сигнахскій уѣздъ
Signakh uezd Сигнахскій уѣздъ
Uezd
	Coat of arms
	Location in the Tiflis Governorate
Country	Russian Empire
Viceroyalty	Caucasus
Governorate	Tiflis
Established	1801
Abolished	1929
Capital	Signakh; (present-day Signagi)
Area
• Total	6,022.39 km2 (2,325.26 sq mi)
Population (1916)
• Total	153,864
• Density	26/km2 (66/sq mi)
• Urban	11.48%
• Rural	88.52%

The Signakh uezd^[a] was a county (uezd) of the Tiflis Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, and then of Democratic Republic of Georgia, with its administrative center in Signakh (present-day Signagi).^[1]^[2] The area of the uezd roughly corresponded to the contemporary Kakheti region of Georgia.

History

Following the Russian Revolution, the Signakh uezd was incorporated into the short-lived Democratic Republic of Georgia.^[2]

Administrative divisions

The subcounties (uchastoks) of the Signakh uezd were as follows:^[3]

Uchastok	Russian name	1912 population	Area
Bakurtsikhsky	Бакурцихскій участокъ	23,881	1,170.96 square versts (1,332.63 km²; 514.53 sq mi)
Kodalsky	Кодальскій участокъ	50,638	1,205.14 square versts (1,371.52 km²; 529.55 sq mi)
Nizhne-Machkhaansky	Нижне-Мачхаанскій участокъ	53,588	733.29 square versts (834.53 km²; 322.21 sq mi)
Shiraksky	Ширакскій участокъ	6,222	2,182.40 square versts (2,483.71 km²; 958.96 sq mi)
Zaalazansky	Заалазанскій раіонъ	12,645	–

Demographics

Russian Empire census (1897)

According to the Russian Empire Census of 1897, the Signakh uezd had a population of 102,313, including 55,958 men and 46,355 women. The majority of the population indicated Georgian to be their mother tongue, with significant Armenian and Tatar (later known as Azerbaijani) speaking minorities.^[4]

Linguistic composition of the Signakh uezd in 1897^[4]
Language	Native speakers	%
Georgian	84,827	82.91
Armenian	6,392	6.25
Tatar^[b]	5,272	5.15
Russian	4,413	4.31
Ukrainian	447	0.44
Avar-Andean	279	0.27
Lithuanian	187	0.18
Polish	126	0.12
Jewish	108	0.11
Belarusian	50	0.05
German	44	0.04
Imeretian	39	0.04
Ossetian	30	0.03
Czech	12	0.01
Persian	11	0.01
Kazi-Kumukh	10	0.01
Greek	8	0.01
Mingrelian	8	0.01
Latvian	6	0.01
Dargin	4	0.00
Italian	1	0.00
Kist	1	0.00
Kyurin	1	0.00
Other	37	0.04
TOTAL	102,313	100.00

Caucasian Calendar (1917)

According to the 1917 publication of the Caucasian Calendar, the Signakh uezd had 153,864 residents in 1916, including 80,670 men and 73,194 women, 148,646 of whom were the permanent population, and 5,218 were temporary residents:^[5]

Nationality	Urban		Rural		TOTAL
Nationality	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
Georgians	8,493	48.09	109,790	80.61	118,283	76.88
Armenians	8,970	50.79	6,038	4.43	15,008	9.75
Russians^[c]	179	1.01	11,500	8.44	11,679	7.59
Shia Muslims^[d]	0	0.00	3,275	2.40	3,275	2.13
Asiatic Christians	0	0.00	3,201	2.35	3,201	2.08
Sunni Muslims^[e]	0	0.00	1,862	1.37	1,862	1.21
Jews	7	0.04	324	0.24	331	0.22
North Caucasians	0	0.00	210	0.15	210	0.14
Other Europeans	13	0.07	2	0.00	15	0.01
TOTAL	17,662	100.00	136,202	100.00	153,864	100.00

Notes

^
- Russian: Сигна́хскій уѣ́здъ, romanized: Signákhsky uyézd
- Georgian: სიღნაღის მაზრა, romanized: sighnaghis mazra
^ Later known as Azerbaijani.
^ The Caucasian Calendar did not distinguish between Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians.
^ Primarily Tatars,^[6] later known as Azerbaijanis.^[7]
^ Primarily Turco-Tatars.^[6]

References

^ Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopaedia: Tiflis Governorate (in Russian)
^ ^a ^b Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014), Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus, New Haven and London, p. 164, ISBN 978-0-300-15308-8, OCLC 884858065, retrieved 2021-12-25
^ Кавказский календарь на 1913 год [Caucasian calendar for 1913] (in Russian) (68th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1913. pp. 164–175. Archived from the original on 19 April 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-06-30.
^ Кавказский календарь на 1917 год [Caucasian calendar for 1917] (in Russian) (72nd ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1917. pp. 206–213. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021.
^ ^a ^b Hovannisian 1971, p. 67.
^ Bournoutian 2015, p. 35.

Bibliography

Bournoutian, George (2015). "Demographic Changes in the Southwest Caucasus, 1604–1830: The Case of Historical Eastern Armenia". Forum of EthnoGeoPolitics. Amsterdam. 3 (2).
Hovannisian, Richard G. (1971). The Republic of Armenia. Vol. 1. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-01805-2.

Coordinates: 41°37′07″N 45°55′18″E / 41.61861°N 45.92167°E / 41.61861; 45.92167

[1] 
Russian: Сигна́хскій уѣ́здъ, romanized: Signákhsky uyézd
Georgian: სიღნაღის მაზრა, romanized: sighnaghis mazra

[2] Russian: Сигна́хскій уѣ́здъ, romanized: Signákhsky uyézd

[3] Georgian: სიღნაღის მაზრა, romanized: sighnaghis mazra

[6] Later known as Azerbaijani.

[8] The Caucasian Calendar did not distinguish between Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians.

[11] Primarily Tatars,^[6] later known as Azerbaijanis.^[7]

[12] Primarily Turco-Tatars.^[6]

[bee-2] Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopaedia: Tiflis Governorate (in Russian)

[:02-3] Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014), Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus, New Haven and London, p. 164, ISBN 978-0-300-15308-8, OCLC 884858065, retrieved 2021-12-25

[4] Кавказский календарь на 1913 год [Caucasian calendar for 1913] (in Russian) (68th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1913. pp. 164–175. Archived from the original on 19 April 2022.

[:0-5] "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-06-30.

[7] Кавказский календарь на 1917 год [Caucasian calendar for 1917] (in Russian) (72nd ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1917. pp. 206–213. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021.

[FOOTNOTEHovannisian197167-9] Hovannisian 1971, p. 67.

[FOOTNOTEBournoutian201535-10] Bournoutian 2015, p. 35.

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v t e Subdivisions of the Russian Empire
Governorates (List)	Azov¹ Altai² Arkhangelsk Archangelgorod* Astrakhan Belgorod Bessarabia Bratslav Byelorussia Caucasus Chernigov Grodno Finland Iziaslav Ingermanland Irkutsk Kazan Kaluga Kiev (1708) Kiev Kharkov Kherson Kholm Kovno Kolyvan Kostroma Kursk Lithuania Little Russia (1764) Little Russia (1796) Minsk Mogilev Moscow Nikolayev Nizhny Novgorod Novhorod-Siverskyi Novgorod Novorossiysk Olonets Orenburg Oryol Penza Perm Petrograd² Podolia Polotsk* Poltava Pskov Ryazan Samara Saint Petersburg Saratov Siberia Simbirsk Sloboda Ukraine Slonim Smolensk Stavropol Taurida Tambov Tver Tobolsk Tomsk Tula Ufa Vilna Vitebsk Vladimir Voznesensk Vologda Volhynian Voronezh Vyatka Vyborg Yaroslavl Yekaterinoslav Yeniseysk
Oblasts	Amur Belostok Bessarabia Don Host Zabaikalye Kamchatka Caspian Kwantung Orenburg Kirgiz Omsk Primorskaya Sakhalin Taurida Tarnopol Turgay Ural Yakut
Oblasts of Stepnoy Krai	Akmolinsk Siberia Kirgiz Semipalatinsk
Oblasts of Turkestan Krai	Transcaspian Samarkand Semirechye Oblast Syr-Darya Oblast Turkestan Fergana
Caucasus Viceroyalty	Baku (Governorate) Black Sea Derbent Elizavetpol Erivan Georgia-Imeretia Georgia Kutaisi Shemakha Tiflis Armenian Batum Dagestan Imeretia Kars Kuban Terek Sukhumi Zakatal Baku (Gradonachalstvo)
Baltic Governorates³	Courland Livonia Reval Riga Estonia
Governorates of Finland	Abo-Byorneborg Vaza Vyborg Kuopio Nyuland Sankt-Mikhel Tavastgus Uleaborg
Governorates of Poland	Avgustov Varshava Kalish Keltsy Krakov Lomzha Lyublin Mazovia Petrokov Plotsk Podlyashye Radom Sandomir Sedlets Suvalki
Governorates of Galicia and Bukovina	Lvov Peremyshl Tarnopol Chernovtsy
Dependencies	Bukey Horde Emirate of Bukhara Khanate of Kokand Russian America Uryankhay Krai Khanate of Khiva Zeravshan Okrug
¹ Italics indicates renamed or abolished governorates, oblasts, etc on 1 January 1914. ² An asterisk (*) indicates governorates formed or created with renaming after 1 January 1914. ³ Ostsee or Baltic general-governorship was abolished in 1876.