Podolia Governorate

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Podolian Governorate
Подольская губерния
Подільська губернія
Governorate of Russian Empire (1796–1917), Ukrainian People's Republic (1917–1921), and Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1925)
1796–1925
Coat of arms of Podolia
Coat of arms
Podolia in Russian Empire (1914).svg
Podolian Governorate within the Russian Empire
Capital
Area 
• 
42,017 km2 (16,223 sq mi)
Population 
• 1897[1]
3,018,299
History
History 
• Established
23 December 1796
• Abolished
1 August 1925
Preceded by
Podole Voivodeship
Bracław Voivodeship

The Podolia Governorate or Podillia Governorate (Ukrainian: Подільська губернія, romanized: Podilska huberniia),[2] set up after the Second Partition of Poland, was a governorate (gubernia, province, or government) of the Russian Empire from 1793 to 1917, of the Ukrainian People's Republic from 1917 to 1921, and of the Ukrainian SSR from 1921 to 1925.

History

A market scene in Podolia, c. 1864

The Government of Podolia was established right after the Second Partition of Poland in place of the former Podole and Bracław Voivodeships in 1793.

Location

The Podolian Governorate occupied the southwestern frontier of the former Russian empire, bordering Austria-Hungary, and had an area of about 42,000 km2. The administrative centre was Kamenets-Podolskiy until 1914 when it moved to Vinnytsia.

Podolia Governorate was one of the three governorates of the Southwestern Krai administration. In 1917 it was recognized by the Russian Provisional Government to be governed by the General Secretariat of Ukraine as the representative of the Russian Provisional Government in the region.

Administrative division

Uyezd subdivision

Until 1918 the governorate consisted of 12 uyezds (counties):

  1. Baltsky Uyezd
  2. Bratslavsky Uyezd
  3. Vinnitsky Uyezd
  4. Gaysinsky Uyezd
  5. Kamenets-Podolsky Uyezd
  6. Letichevsky Uyezd
  7. Litinsky Uyezd
  8. Mogilyovsky Uyezd
  9. Olgopolsky Uyezd
  10. Proskurovsky Uyezd
  11. Ushitsky Uyezd
  12. Yampolsky Uyezd
Podolian korchma

Okruha subdivision

On 12 April 1923 all uyezds (counties) were transformed into okruhas (counties), while volosts (districts) – into raions (districts). Okruhas served as a subdivision of government until it was abolished on 1 August 1925. Together with the government of Podilia, the Haisyn okruha was dissolved as well. Some territory of Tulchyn okruha were included into the newly formed Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

  • Vinnytsia
  • Haisyn
  • Kamianets
  • Mohyliv
  • Proskuriv
  • Tulchyn

Principal cities

Russian Census of 1897:

Kamenets/Podolsky
  • Kamenets/Podolsky – 35 934 (Jewish – 16 112, Ukrainian – 9 755, Russian – 7 420)
  • Vinnitsa – 30 563 (Jewish – 11 456, Ukrainian – 10 862, Russian – 5 206)
  • Balta – 23 363 (Jewish – 13 164, Russian – 5 385, Ukrainian – 4 124)
  • Proskurov – 22 855 (Jewish – 11 369, Ukrainian – 4 425, Russian – 3 483)
  • Mogilev/Dnestr – 22 315 (Jewish – 12 188, Ukrainian – 6 512, Russian – 2 668)
  • Zhmerinka – 12 908
  • Khmelnik – 11 657 (Jewish – 5 979, Ukrainian – 5 375, Polish – 150)

Smaller cities

  • Bar – 9 982 (Jewish – 5 764, Ukrainian – 3 332, Russian – 485)
  • Lityn – 9 420 (Jewish – 3 828, Ukrainian – 3 047, Russian – 2 126)
  • Gaysin – 9 374 (Jewish – 4 322, Ukrainian – 3 946, Russian – 884)
  • Olgopol – 8 134 (Ukrainian – 4 837, Jewish – 2 465, Russian – 625)
  • Bratslav – 7 863 (Jewish – 3 275, Ukrainian – 2 608, Russian – 1 782)
  • Letichev – 7 248 (Jewish – 4 105, Ukrainian – 1 719, Polish – 741)
  • Yampol – 6 605 (Ukrainian – 3 282, Jewish – 2 819, Russian – 275)
  • Novaya Ushytsa – 6 371 (Jewish – 2 214, Russian – 2 120, Ukrainian – 1 836)
  • Staraya Ushytsa – 4 176 (Ukrainian – 2 488, Jewish – 1 584, Polish – 57)
  • Salnitsa – 3 699 (Ukrainian – 2 758, Jewish – 899, Polish – 19)
  • Verbovets – 2 311 (Ukrainian – 1 282, Jewish – 661, Polish – 326)

Language

Imperial census of 1897.

The Imperial census of 1897[3] produced the following statistics. Bold type marks languages spoken by more people than the state language. In 1897 3,018,299 people lived in the governorate of Podolia.

Language Number percentage (%) males females
Ukrainian 2,442,819 80.93
Yiddish 369,306 12.24
Russian 98 984 3.28
Polish 69 156 2.29
Romanian[4] 26 764 0.89
German 4 069 0.13
Tatar 2 296 0.08
Bashkir 1 113 0.04
Other[5] 3 706 0.12
Persons
who did not identify
their native language 		73 <0.01

The cities had 221,870 inhabitants, comprising about 7.35% of the total population. About 46.06% of the urban population consisted of Jews, 32.54% of Ukrainians, 15.03% of Russians, and 4.90% of Poles.

Religion

Podolians, c. 1878

The Imperial census of 1897[6] reported:

Religion Number percentage (%) males females
Eastern Orthodox 2,358,497 78.14
Judaism 370,612 12.28
Roman Catholics 262,738 8.70
Old Believers 18 849 0.62
Other[7] 7 603 0.25
The Baal Shem Tov's shul in Medzhybizh, Ukraine (c. 1915). The shul no longer exists.
Religious structures

See also

References

  1. ^ "Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г." [The first general census of the population of the Russian Empire in 1897]. Demoscope Weekly (in Russian).
  2. ^ Mikhail Levchenko. Hanshchyna (Ганьщина Україна). Opyt russko-ukrainskago slovari︠a︡. Tip. Gubernskago upravlenii︠a︡, 1874.
  3. ^ Language Statistics of 1897 (in Russian)
  4. ^ including Moldavian language
  5. ^ Languages, number of speakers which in all gubernia were less than 1000
  6. ^ Religion Statistics of 1897 (in Russian)
  7. ^ Religions, number of believers which in all gubernia were less than 10000

Coordinates: 48°40′50″N 26°34′50″E / 48.6806°N 26.5806°E / 48.6806; 26.5806

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