Rosablanca Formation

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Rosablanca Formation
Stratigraphic range: Valanginian
~136–133 Ma
↓
TypeGeological formation
UnderliesPaja Fm., Ritoque Fm.
OverliesCumbres Fm., Girón Fm., Los Medios Fm.
Thickness~470 m (1,540 ft)
Lithology
PrimarySandstone
OtherShale
Location
Coordinates4°27′07″N 74°03′20″W / 4.45194°N 74.05556°W / 4.45194; -74.05556Coordinates: 4°27′07″N 74°03′20″W / 4.45194°N 74.05556°W / 4.45194; -74.05556
RegionAltiplano Cundiboyacense
Eastern Ranges, Andes
Country Colombia
Type section
Named byWheeler
LocationMesa de Los Santos
Year defined1929
Coordinates4°27′07″N 74°03′20″W / 4.45194°N 74.05556°W / 4.45194; -74.05556
RegionBoyacá, Santander
Country Colombia

The Rosablanca Formation (Spanish: Formación Rosablanca, Kir) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes and the Middle Magdalena Basin. The formation consists of grey limestones, dolomites and shales with at the upper part sandstones. The formation dates to the Early Cretaceous period; Valanginian epoch and has a thickness of 425 metres (1,394 ft) in the valley of the Sogamoso River.

Definition

The formation was first defined by Wheeler in 1929.[1]

Description

Lithologies

The Rosablanca Formation is characterised by a sequence of grey limestones, dolomites and shales with a maximum thickness of 425 metres (1,394 ft) in the Sogamoso River valley.[1]

Stratigraphy and depositional environment

The Rosablanca Formation overlies the Arcabuco Formation and is overlain by the Ritoque Formation. The age has been estimated to be Valanginian. Stratigraphically, the formation is time equivalent with the Macanal Formation.[1]

Fossils

Fossils of the decapod crustacean Diaulax rosablanca have been found in and named after the Rosablanca Formation.[2] In 2019, fossils of brachiopodSellithyris elizabetha were described from the formation.[3] In 2020 remains of indeterminate pterosaurs were described from the formation, including pterodactyloids and non-Pteranodontian ornithocheiroids.[4] In 2005 the remains of Platychelyid sea turtle Notoemys zapatocaensis were described.

Outcrops

Rosablanca Formation is located in Santander Department
Rosablanca Formation
class=notpageimage|
Type locality of the Rosablanca Formation in Santander

The Rosablanca Formation is found, apart from its type locality on the Mesa de Los Santos, Santander, in Boyacá and the Middle Magdalena Basin.

Regional correlations

Cretaceous stratigraphy of the central Colombian Eastern Ranges
Age Paleomap VMM Guaduas-Vélez W Emerald Belt Villeta anticlinal Chiquinquirá-
Arcabuco		 Tunja-
Duitama		 Altiplano Cundiboyacense El Cocuy
Maastrichtian Blakey 065Ma - COL.jpg Umir Córdoba Seca eroded Guaduas Colón-Mito Juan
Umir Guadalupe
Campanian Córdoba
Oliní
Santonian La Luna Cimarrona - La Tabla La Luna
Coniacian Oliní Conejo Chipaque
Loma Gorda undefined La Frontera
Turonian Blakey 090Ma - COL.jpg Hondita La Frontera Otanche
Cenomanian Simití hiatus La Corona Simijaca Capacho
Pacho Fm. Hiló - Pacho Churuvita Une Aguardiente
Albian Blakey 105Ma - COL.jpg Hiló Chiquinquirá Tibasosa Une
Tablazo Tablazo Capotes - La Palma - Simití Simití Tibú-Mercedes
Aptian Capotes Socotá - El Peñón Paja Fómeque
Paja Paja El Peñón Trincheras Río Negro
La Naveta
Barremian Blakey 120Ma - COL.jpg
Hauterivian Muzo Las Juntas
Rosablanca Ritoque
Valanginian Ritoque Furatena Útica - Murca Rosablanca hiatus Macanal
Rosablanca
Berriasian Blakey 150Ma - COL.jpg Cumbre Cumbre Los Medios Guavio
Tambor Arcabuco Cumbre
Sources


Stratigraphy of the Llanos Basin and surrounding provinces
Ma Age Paleomap Regional events Catatumbo Cordillera proximal Llanos distal Llanos Putumayo VSM Environments Maximum thickness Petroleum geology Notes
0.01 Holocene
Blakey 000Ma - COL.jpg
 Holocene volcanism
Seismic activity		 alluvium Overburden
1 Pleistocene
Blakey Pleist - COL.jpg
 Pleistocene volcanism
Andean orogeny 3
Glaciations		 Guayabo Soatá
Sabana		 Necesidad Guayabo Gigante
 Alluvial to fluvial (Guayabo) 550 m (1,800 ft)
(Guayabo)		 [5][6][7][8]
2.6 Pliocene
Blakey 020Ma - COL.jpg
 Pliocene volcanism
Andean orogeny 3
GABI		 Subachoque
5.3 Messinian Andean orogeny 3
Foreland		 Marichuela Caimán Honda [7][9]
13.5 Langhian Regional flooding León hiatus Caja León Lacustrine (León) 400 m (1,300 ft)
(León)		 Seal [8][10]
16.2 Burdigalian Miocene inundations
Andean orogeny 2		 C1 Carbonera C1 Ospina Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C1) 850 m (2,790 ft)
(Carbonera)		 Reservoir [9][8]
17.3 C2 Carbonera C2 Distal lacustrine-deltaic (C2) Seal
19 C3 Carbonera C3 Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C3) Reservoir
21 Early Miocene Pebas wetlands C4 Carbonera C4 Barzalosa Distal fluvio-deltaic (C4) Seal
23 Late Oligocene
Blakey 035Ma - COL.jpg
 Andean orogeny 1
Foredeep		 C5 Carbonera C5 Orito Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C5) Reservoir [6][9]
25 C6 Carbonera C6 Distal fluvio-lacustrine (C6) Seal
28 Early Oligocene C7 C7 Pepino Gualanday Proximal deltaic-marine (C7) Reservoir [6][9][11]
32 Oligo-Eocene C8 Usme C8 onlap Marine-deltaic (C8) Seal
Source		 [11]
35 Late Eocene
Blakey 050Ma - COL.jpg
 Mirador Mirador Coastal (Mirador) 240 m (790 ft)
(Mirador)		 Reservoir [8][12]
40 Middle Eocene Regadera hiatus
45
50 Early Eocene
Blakey 065Ma - COL.jpg
 Socha Los Cuervos Deltaic (Los Cuervos) 260 m (850 ft)
(Los Cuervos)		 Seal
Source		 [8][12]
55 Late Paleocene PETM
2000 ppm CO2		 Los Cuervos Bogotá Gualanday
60 Early Paleocene SALMA Barco Guaduas Barco Rumiyaco Fluvial (Barco) 225 m (738 ft)
(Barco)		 Reservoir [5][6][9][8][13]
65 Maastrichtian
Blakey 090Ma - COL.jpg
 KT extinction Catatumbo Guadalupe Monserrate Deltaic-fluvial (Guadalupe) 750 m (2,460 ft)
(Guadalupe)		 Reservoir [5][8]
72 Campanian End of rifting Colón-Mito Juan [8][14]
83 Santonian Villeta/Güagüaquí
86 Coniacian
89 Turonian Cenomanian-Turonian anoxic event La Luna Chipaque Gachetá hiatus Restricted marine (all) 500 m (1,600 ft)
(Gachetá)		 Source [5][8][15]
93 Cenomanian
Blakey 105Ma - COL.jpg
 Rift 2
100 Albian Une Une Caballos Deltaic (Une) 500 m (1,600 ft)
(Une)		 Reservoir [9][15]
113 Aptian
Blakey 120Ma - COL.jpg
 Capacho Fómeque Motema Yaví Open marine (Fómeque) 800 m (2,600 ft)
(Fómeque)		 Source (Fóm) [6][8][16]
125 Barremian High biodiversity Aguardiente Paja Shallow to open marine (Paja) 940 m (3,080 ft)
(Paja)		 Reservoir [5]
129 Hauterivian
Blakey 150Ma - COL.jpg
 Rift 1 Tibú-
Mercedes		 Las Juntas hiatus Deltaic (Las Juntas) 910 m (2,990 ft)
(Las Juntas)		 Reservoir (LJun) [5]
133 Valanginian Río Negro Cáqueza
Macanal
Rosablanca		 Restricted marine (Macanal) 2,935 m (9,629 ft)
(Macanal)		 Source (Mac) [6][17]
140 Berriasian Girón
145 Tithonian Break-up of Pangea Jordán Arcabuco Buenavista
 Saldaña Alluvial, fluvial (Buenavista) 110 m (360 ft)
(Buenavista)		 "Jurassic" [9][18]
150 Early-Mid Jurassic
Blakey 170Ma - COL.jpg
 Passive margin 2 La Quinta
Noreán		 hiatus Coastal tuff (La Quinta) 100 m (330 ft)
(La Quinta)		 [19]
201 Late Triassic
Blakey 200Ma - COL.jpg
 Mucuchachi Payandé [9]
235 Early Triassic
237 Ma orogenies reconstruction.jpg
 Pangea hiatus "Paleozoic"
250 Permian
280 Ma plate tectonic reconstruction.png
300 Late Carboniferous
Laurasia 330Ma.jpg
 Famatinian orogeny Cerro Neiva
()		 [20]
340 Early Carboniferous Fossil fish
Romer's gap		 Cuche
(355-385)		 Farallones
()		 Deltaic, estuarine (Cuche) 900 m (3,000 ft)
(Cuche)
360 Late Devonian
380 Ma plate tectonic reconstruction.png
 Passive margin 1 Río Cachirí
(360-419)		 Ambicá
()		 Alluvial-fluvial-reef (Farallones) 2,400 m (7,900 ft)
(Farallones)		 [17][21][22][23][24]
390 Early Devonian
Gondwana 420 Ma.png
 High biodiversity Floresta
(387-400)
 Shallow marine (Floresta) 600 m (2,000 ft)
(Floresta)
410 Late Silurian Silurian mystery
425 Early Silurian hiatus
440 Late Ordovician
Middle Ordovician South Polar paleogeography - 460 Ma.png
 Rich fauna in Bolivia San Pedro
(450-490)		 Duda
()
470 Early Ordovician First fossils Busbanzá
(>470±22)
 Guape
()		 Río Nevado
()		 [25][26][27]
488 Late Cambrian
ক্যাম্ব্রিয়ান৫০.png
 Regional intrusions Chicamocha
(490-515)		 Quetame
()		 Ariarí
()		 SJ del Guaviare
(490-590)		 San Isidro
()		 [28][29]
515 Early Cambrian Cambrian explosion [27][30]
542 Ediacaran
Positions of ancient continents, 550 million years ago.jpg
 Break-up of Rodinia pre-Quetame post-Parguaza El Barro
()		 Yellow: allochthonous basement
(Chibcha Terrane)
Green: autochthonous basement
(Río Negro-Juruena Province)		 Basement [31][32]
600 Neoproterozoic
Rodinia reconstruction.jpg
 Cariri Velhos orogeny Bucaramanga
(600-1400)		 pre-Guaviare [28]
800
Pannotia - 2.png
 Snowball Earth [33]
1000 Mesoproterozoic
Paleoglobe NO 1260 mya.gif
 Sunsás orogeny Ariarí
(1000)		 La Urraca
(1030-1100)		 [34][35][36][37]
1300 Rondônia-Juruá orogeny pre-Ariarí Parguaza
(1300-1400)		 Garzón
(1180-1550)		 [38]
1400
Paleoglobe NO 1590 mya-vector-colors.svg
 pre-Bucaramanga [39]
1600 Paleoproterozoic Maimachi
(1500-1700)		 pre-Garzón [40]
1800
2050ma.png
 Tapajós orogeny Mitú
(1800)		 [38][40]
1950 Transamazonic orogeny pre-Mitú [38]
2200 Columbia
2530 Archean
Kenorland.jpg
 Carajas-Imataca orogeny [38]
3100 Kenorland
Sources
Legend
  • group
  • important formation
  • fossiliferous formation
  • minor formation
  • (age in Ma)
  • proximal Llanos (Medina)[note 1]
  • distal Llanos (Saltarin 1A well)[note 2]


See also

Geology of the Eastern Hills
Geology of the Ocetá Páramo
Geology of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ^ based on Duarte et al. (2019)[41], García González et al. (2009),[42] and geological report of Villavicencio[43]
  2. ^ based on Duarte et al. (2019)[41] and the hydrocarbon potential evaluation performed by the UIS and ANH in 2009[44]

References

  1. ^ a b c Galvis & Valencia, 2009, p.17
  2. ^ Gómez et al., 2015
  3. ^ Rojas & Sandy, 2019
  4. ^ Cadena, Edwin-Alberto; Unwin, David M.; Martill, David M. (2020-10-01). "Lower Cretaceous pterosaurs from Colombia". Cretaceous Research. 114: 104526. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104526. ISSN 0195-6671.
  5. ^ a b c d e f García González et al., 2009, p.27
  6. ^ a b c d e f García González et al., 2009, p.50
  7. ^ a b García González et al., 2009, p.85
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Barrero et al., 2007, p.60
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h Barrero et al., 2007, p.58
  10. ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.29
  11. ^ a b Plancha 177, 2015, p.39
  12. ^ a b Plancha 111, 2001, p.26
  13. ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.24
  14. ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.23
  15. ^ a b Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.32
  16. ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.30
  17. ^ a b Pulido & Gómez, 2001, pp.21-26
  18. ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.28
  19. ^ Correa Martínez et al., 2019, p.49
  20. ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.27
  21. ^ Terraza et al., 2008, p.22
  22. ^ Plancha 229, 2015, pp.46-55
  23. ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.26
  24. ^ Moreno Sánchez et al., 2009, p.53
  25. ^ Mantilla Figueroa et al., 2015, p.43
  26. ^ Manosalva Sánchez et al., 2017, p.84
  27. ^ a b Plancha 303, 2002, p.24
  28. ^ a b Mantilla Figueroa et al., 2015, p.42
  29. ^ Arango Mejía et al., 2012, p.25
  30. ^ Plancha 350, 2011, p.49
  31. ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001, pp.17-21
  32. ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.13
  33. ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.23
  34. ^ Plancha 348, 2015, p.38
  35. ^ Planchas 367-414, 2003, p.35
  36. ^ Toro Toro et al., 2014, p.22
  37. ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.21
  38. ^ a b c d Bonilla et al., 2016, p.19
  39. ^ Gómez Tapias et al., 2015, p.209
  40. ^ a b Bonilla et al., 2016, p.22
  41. ^ a b Duarte et al., 2019
  42. ^ García González et al., 2009
  43. ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001
  44. ^ García González et al., 2009, p.60

Bibliography

Maps

External links

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