List of Quercus species

The genus Quercus contains about 500 species,^[1] some of which are listed here. The genus, as is the case with many large genera, is divided into subgenera and sections.

Legend

Species with evergreen foliage ("live oaks") are tagged '#'. Species in the genus have been recategorized between deciduous and evergreen on numerous occasions, although this does not necessarily mean that species in the two groups are closely related.

Subgenus Quercus

Section Quercus

†Quercus hiholensis acorn in matrix

The white oaks (synonym sect. Lepidobalanus or Leucobalanus). Europe, Asia, north Africa, North America. Styles short; acorns mature in 6 months, sweet or slightly bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless.

Quercus ajoensis — Ajo Mountain shrub oak, Blue shrub oak — Arizona, New Mexico, Baja California
Quercus alba — white oak — eastern and central North America
Quercus aliena — Oriental white oak — eastern Asia
Quercus ariifolia — Mexico
Quercus arizonica — Arizona white oak — # southwestern U.S., northwestern Mexico
Quercus austrina — bluff oak — southeastern North America
Quercus × bebbiana — Bebb's oak — northeastern North America
Quercus berberidifolia — California shrub oak — # California
Quercus bicolor — swamp white oak — eastern and midwestern North America
Quercus × bimundorum — two worlds oak
Quercus boyntonii — Boynton's post oak — south central North America
Quercus brandegeei — Brandegee oak- Baja California Sur
Quercus carmenensis — Carmen oak — Coahuila and Texas
Quercus chapmanii — Chapman oak — # southeastern North America
Quercus chihuahuensis — Chihuahua oak — northern Mexico and Texas
Quercus cornelius-mulleri — Muller oak — # southwestern North America
Quercus conzattii — Mexico
Quercus copeyensis — # Costa Rica, Panama
Quercus dalechampii — southeastern Europe
Quercus depressipes — Davis Mountain oak — northern Mexico and Texas
Quercus deserticola — # Mexico
Quercus diversifolia — Mexico
Quercus douglasii — blue oak — California
Quercus dumosa — coastal shrub oak — # southern California, Baja California, Arizona
Quercus durata — Leather oak — # California
Quercus edwardsiae — Mexico
Quercus engelmannii — Engelmann oak — # southern California, Baja California
Quercus fabrei — Faber's oak — central to southern China
Quercus faginea — Portuguese oak — # southwestern Europe
Quercus fulva — Mexico
†Quercus furuhjelmi — Eocene to Miocene - Alaska, Kazhakstan
Quercus fusiformis — Texas live oak or plateau live oak — # south central North America
Quercus gambelii — Gambel oak — southwestern North America
Quercus garryana — Oregon white oak or Garry oak — western North America
Quercus geminata — sand live oak — # southeastern United States
Quercus glaucoides — # Mexico
Quercus greggii — # Mexico
Quercus griffithii — southeast Asia
Quercus grisea — gray oak — # southwestern North America
Quercus hartwissiana — Strandzha oak — southeastern Bulgaria, northern Turkey, western Georgia, southwestern Russia
Quercus havardii — Havard oak, shinnery oak, shin oak — south central North America
†Quercus hiholensis — Miocene — # Washington State^[2]
Quercus hinckleyi — Hinckley oak — # Texas, northwestern Mexico
Quercus hondurensis — Honduras oak — # Honduras
Quercus infectoria — Aleppo oak, Cyprus oak — southern Europe, southwestern Asia
- Quercus infectoria Olivier var. veneris (C.K. Schneider) Meikle, or Quercus boissieri Reut./Boissier oak — Mount Hermon, Golan Heights, and Jordan
Quercus insignis — Mexico, Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama
Quercus intricata — Coahuila scrub oak — # two isolated localities in west Texas, northern Mexico
Quercus john-tuckeri — Tucker's oak — California
Quercus laceyi — lacey oak — Edwards Plateau of Texas, northern Mexico
Quercus laeta — Mexico
Quercus lanata — woolly-leaved oak — # Himalayas, southeast Asia
Quercus lancifolia — southwestern North America, Mexico, South America
Quercus leucotrichophora — Banj oak, blackjack oak, grey oak — # Himalayas
Quercus liebmannii — Mexico
Quercus lobata — valley oak or California white oak — California
Quercus lusitanica — gall oak or Lusitanian oak — Iberia, North Africa
Quercus lyrata — overcup oak — eastern North America
Quercus macrocarpa — bur oak — eastern and central North America
Quercus margarettae — sand post oak — southeastern North America
Quercus magnoliifolia — Mexico
Quercus martinezii — # Mexico
Quercus mohriana — Mohr oak — # southwestern North America
Quercus montana — chestnut oak — eastern North America (= Quercus prinus)
Quercus michauxii — swamp chestnut oak — eastern North America
Quercus microphylla — Mexico
Quercus minima — dwarf live oak — # southeastern North America
Quercus mongolica — Mongolian oak — eastern Asia
Quercus muehlenbergii — Chinkapin oak — eastern, central, and southwestern US (West Texas and New Mexico), northern Mexico
Quercus oblongifolia — Arizona blue oak, Southwestern blue oak, or Mexican blue oak — # southwestern U.S., northwestern Mexico
Quercus obtusata — Mexico
Quercus oglethorpensis — Oglethorpe oak — southeastern North America
Quercus oleoides — # from Costa Rica into Mexico
Quercus oocarpa — Mexico
Quercus pacifica — # Channel Islands, California
Quercus peduncularis — # Central America
Quercus petraea — sessile oak, durmast oak — Europe, Anatolia
Quercus polymorpha — Monterrey oak, Mexican white oak — # Mexico and extreme S. Texas
Quercus praeco — Mexico
Quercus prinoides — dwarf chinkapin oak — eastern North America
Quercus pubescens — downy oak — Europe, Anatolia
Quercus pungens — Sandpaper oak or Pungens oak — southwestern U.S., Mexico
Quercus robur — pedunculate oak, English oak or French oak — Europe, West Asia
Quercus rugosa — netleaf oak or Rugosa oak — # southwestern U.S., northwestern Mexico
Quercus sagraeana — Cuban oak — # western Cuba
Quercus × schuettei — Schuette's oak — US, Canada
Quercus sebifera — # Mexico
Quercus segoviensis — Mexico and northern Central America
Quercus serrata — Bao Li — # China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea
Quercus similis — swamp post oak — southeastern North America
Quercus sinuata — bastard oak — southern North America (formerly identified as Quercus durandii)
- Quercus sinuata var. breviloba — Bigelow oak — northern Mexico, central Texas north to southwest and southcentral Oklahoma.
- Quercus sinuata var. sinuata — Durand oak — central Texas north to extreme southwest Arkansas, thence west to the Carolinas.
Quercus stellata — post oak — eastern North America
Quercus striatula — Mexico (Sierra Madre Occidental and Mexican Plateau ranges)
Quercus subspathulata — Mexico
Quercus tarahumara — northwestern Mexico
Quercus toumeyi — Toumey oak — # southwest New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, northern Mexico
Quercus tuberculata — Mexico
Quercus turbinella — Turbinella oak, Arizona Blue Shrub oak, Shrub live oak or scrub live oak — # southwestern North America
Quercus × turneri — Turner's oak — Spain
Quercus vaseyana — Vasey oak — # southwestern North America
Quercus verde — Mexico
Quercus vicentensis — El Salvador, Guatemala, and southern Mexico
Quercus virginiana — southern live oak — # southeastern North America
Quercus welshii — havard oak, Utah sand oak, wavy leaf oak — # southwestern North America
Quercus wutaishanica — Liaoning oak — China, Mongolia

Section Ponticae

Western Asia and Western North America, produces catkins up to 10cm long, acorns mature annually.^[3]

Quercus pontica — Pontine oak — western Asia
Quercus sadleriana — deer oak — # southwestern Oregon, northern California

Section Mesobalanus

Europe, Asia, north Africa. Styles long; acorns mature in 6 months, bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless (closely related to sect. Quercus and sometimes included in it).

Quercus canariensis — Mirbeck's oak or Algerian oak — # North Africa & Spain
Quercus dentata — daimyo oak — eastern Asia
Quercus frainetto — Hungarian oak or Italian oak — southeastern Europe
Quercus macranthera — Caucasian oak or Persian oak — western Asia
Quercus pyrenaica — Pyrenean oak — southwestern Europe
Quercus vulcanica — Kasnak oak — southwestern Asia

Section Cerris

Europe, Asia, north Africa. Styles long; acorns mature in 18 months, very bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless or slightly hairy.

Quercus acutissima Carruth. — sawtooth oak — # China (including Tibet), Korea, Japan, Indochina, the Himalayas (Nepal, Bhutan, northeastern India).
Quercus alnifolia — golden oak — # Cyprus
Quercus aquifolioides Rehder & E.H.Wilson — # China (including Tibet)
Quercus brandisiana Kurz Upland Indochina, Bangladesh
Quercus brantii — Persian oak — southwestern Asia
Quercus calliprinos — Palestine oak — # southwestern Asia
Quercus castaneifolia — chestnut-leaved oak — Caucasus, Iran (Persia)
Quercus cerris — Turkey oak — southern Europe, southwestern Asia
Quercus chenii Nakai — SE China
Quercus coccifera — kermes oak — # southern Europe
Quercus floribunda — Moru oak — # Himalayas
Quercus franchetii — China, eastern Asia
Quercus ilex — holly oak or holm oak — # southern Europe, northwestern Africa
Quercus ithaburensis — Mount Tabor's oak — southeastern Europe, southwestern Asia
Quercus libani — Lebanon oak — southwestern Asia
Quercus macrolepis — Vallonea oak — # southwestern Asia
Quercus miyagii — Ryukyus
Quercus pannosa # — China
Quercus semecarpifolia — brown oak or Kharshu oak — # Himalayas
Quercus spinosa # — China, Myanmar
Quercus suber — cork oak — # southwestern Europe, northwestern Africa
Quercus trojana — Macedonian oak — # southeastern Europe
Quercus variabilis — Chinese cork oak — eastern Asia

Section Protobalanus

The intermediate oaks. Southwest USA and northwest Mexico. Styles short, acorns mature in 18 months, very bitter, inside of acorn shell woolly.

Quercus cedrosensis — Cedros Island oak — # California + Baja California
Quercus chrysolepis — canyon live oak — # southwestern North America
Quercus palmeri — Palmer oak — # California, western Arizona
Quercus tomentella — island oak — # offshore islands of California + Baja California
Quercus vacciniifolia — huckleberry oak — # southwestern North America

Section Lobatae

The red oaks (synonym sect. Erythrobalanus). North, Central and South America. Styles long, acorns mature in 18 months (in most species),^[4] very bitter, inside of acorn shell woolly.

Quercus acerifolia — maple-leaved oak or mapleleaf oak — Arkansas
Quercus acherdophylla – # Mexico
Quercus acutifolia — Mexico
Quercus affinis – # Mexico
Quercus agrifolia — coast live oak — # California, northern Baja California
Quercus albocincta — Mexico (Sierra Madre Occidental)
Quercus aristata — Mexico
Quercus arkansana — Arkansas oak — southeastern North America
Quercus benthamii – # southern Mexico and Central America
Quercus brenesii — Costa Rica, Mexico
Quercus buckleyi — Texas red oak — south central North America
Quercus canbyi — Canby oak or Mexican red oak — # Mexico
Quercus candicans — Mexico
Quercus castanea — # Mexico
Quercus coccinea — scarlet oak — eastern North America
Quercus coccolobifolia — Mexico
Quercus coffeicolor — Mexico
Quercus conspersa — Mexico
Quercus conzattii — Mexico
Quercus cortesii – # southern Mexico and Central America
Quercus costaricensis — # Costa Rica, Panama
Quercus crassifolia — Mexico
Quercus crassipes — Mexico
Quercus crispipilis — Mexico, Guatemala
Quercus cualensis — # Mexico (Sierra Madre del Sur)
Quercus delgadoana — Mexico (Sierra Madre Oriental)
Quercus depressa — Mexico
Quercus durifolia — Mexico (Sierra Madre Occidental)
Quercus dysophylla — Mexico
Quercus eduardii — Mexico
Quercus ellipsoidalis — northern pin oak — eastern North America
Quercus elliptica — Mexico
Quercus emoryi — Emory oak — # southwestern U.S., northern Mexico
Quercus falcata — southern red oak or Spanish oak — southeastern North America
Quercus flocculenta — Mexico
Quercus frutex — Mexico
Quercus fulva — Mexico
Quercus furfuracea — Mexico
Quercus gentryi — Mexico
Quercus glabrescens — Mexico
Quercus gravesii — Chisos red oak or Graves oak — Mexico, southwestern North America (Texas)
Quercus graciliformis — Chisos oak — western Texas
Quercus georgiana — Georgia oak — southeastern North America
Quercus hemisphaerica — laurel oak or Darlington oak — # southeastern North America
Quercus hintonii — Mexico
Quercus hintoniorum — # Mexico
Quercus hirtifolia — # Mexico
Quercus humboldtii — Andean oak — # northern South America (Colombia & Panama)
Quercus hypoleucoides — silverleaf oak — # southwestern North America
Quercus hypoxantha — # Mexico
Quercus ilicifolia — bear oak — eastern North America
Quercus iltisii — western Mexico
Quercus imbricaria — shingle oak — eastern North America
Quercus incana — bluejack oak — southeastern North America
Quercus inopina — sandhill oak — Florida
Quercus jonesii — northern Mexico
Quercus kelloggii — California black oak — California, southwestern Oregon
Quercus laevis — turkey oak — southeastern North America
Quercus laurifolia — laurel oak — # southeastern North America
Quercus laurina — # Mexico
Quercus marilandica — blackjack oak — eastern North America
Quercus martinezii — Mexico
Quercus mcvaughii — Mexico (northern and central Sierra Madre Occidental)
Quercus mexicana — Mexico
Quercus mulleri — Mexico
Quercus myrtifolia — myrtle oak — # southeastern North America
Quercus nigra — water oak — # eastern North America
Quercus nixoniana — Mexico
Quercus pagoda — cherrybark oak — southeastern North America
Quercus parvula — Shreve oak, Santa Cruz Island oak — # coastal California
Quercus palustris — pin oak — eastern North America
Quercus phellos — willow oak — eastern North America
Quercus pinnativenulosa — Mexico
Quercus planipocula — western Mexico
Quercus potosina — Mexico
Quercus pumila — runner oak — # southeastern North America
Quercus radiata — Mexico (southern Sierra Madre Occidental)
Quercus rapurahuensis — Talamanca oak — # Costa Rica, Panama
Quercus resinosa — Mexico
Quercus robusta — Chisos Mountains of Texas
Quercus rysophylla — loquat-leaf oak — # Mexico
Quercus rubra — northern red oak — eastern North America
Quercus rubramenta — Mexico
Quercus runcinatifolia — Mexico
Quercus salicifolia — # Mexico
Quercus saltillensis — Mexico
Quercus sapotifolia — # southern Mexico, Central America
Quercus sartorii — Mexico
Quercus scytophylla — Mexico
Quercus shumardii — Shumard oak — eastern North America
Quercus sideroxyla — Mexico
Quercus splendens — Mexico
Quercus skinneri — Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tamaulipas, Veracruz) Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras
Quercus tarahumara — Mexico
Quercus tardifolia — lateleaf oak — # two small clumps in Chisos Mountains of Texas
Quercus texana — Nuttall's oak — south central North America (Lower Mississippi River Valley)
Quercus urbani — Mexico
Quercus uxoris — Mexico
Quercus velutina — black oak or eastern black oak or dyer's oak — eastern North America
Quercus viminea — # Mexico
Quercus wislizeni — interior live oak — # California
Quercus xalapensis — Mexico, Central America

Subgenus Cyclobalanopsis

Illustration of Quercus lamellosa, showing acorns in clusters, with visible rings on their cups

The ring-cupped oaks (synonym genus Cyclobalanopsis). Eastern and southeastern Asia. They are distinct from subgenus Quercus in that they have acorns with distinctive cups bearing concrescent rings of scales; they commonly also have densely clustered acorns, though this does not apply to all of the species. About 150 species.

Selected species

Quercus acuta — Japanese evergreen oak. # Japan, Korea
Quercus albicaulis — # China
Quercus annulata Sm. — # The Himalayas to Vietnam
Quercus arbutifolia Hickel & A.Camus — # Vietnam (endemic)
Quercus argentata — # Malaysia, Indonesia
Quercus argyrotricha — # Guizhou (China)
Quercus asymmetrica Hickel & A.Camus — # China, northern Vietnam
Quercus augustinii — # China, Vietnam
Quercus auricoma A.Camus — # China, Vietnam (synonym Quercus hui)
Quercus austrocochinchinensis — # China, Thailand, Vietnam
Quercus austroglauca — # China.
Quercus bella — # China
Quercus blakei — # China, Laos, Vietnam
Quercus braianensis A.Camus — # Vietnam (endemic)
Quercus championii — # China, Taiwan
Quercus chapensis — # China, Vietnam
Quercus chevalieri — # China, Vietnam
Quercus chingsiensis — # China
Quercus chrysocalyx Hickel & A.Camus — # Vietnam
Quercus chungii — # China
Quercus daimingshanensis — # China
Quercus dankiaensis A.Camus — # Vietnam (endemic)
Quercus delavayi — # China
Quercus delicatula — # China
Quercus dinghuensis — # China
Quercus disciformis — # China
Quercus edithiae — # China, Vietnam
Quercus elevaticostata — # Fujian (China)
Quercus fleuryi — # China, Laos, Vietnam
Quercus gambleana — # China, India
Quercus gemelliflora — # Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam
Quercus gilva — # Japan, Taiwan, China
Quercus glauca — ring-cupped oak. # From Afghanistan to Japan and Vietnam
Quercus gomeziana A.Camus — # Vietnam
Quercus helferiana — # China, India, Burma/Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam
Quercus hondae — # Kyūshū (Japan)
Quercus hypophaea — # Taiwan
Quercus jenseniana — # China
Quercus jinpinensis — # China
Quercus kerrii — Kerr's oak. # Vietnam, Thailand, possibly China
Quercus kiukiangensis — # China
Quercus kouangsiensis — # China
Quercus lamellosa — # Himalayas
Quercus lanata Sm. — # Vietnam
Quercus langbianensis — # Cambodia, China, Vietnam. (synonym: Quercus camusiae)
Quercus lineata — # Malaysia, Indonesia
Quercus litoralis — # China
Quercus litseoides — # China
Quercus lobbii — # China, India
Quercus longinux — # Taiwan
Quercus lowii — # Borneo
Quercus lungmaiensis — # Yunnan (China)
Quercus macrocalyx Hickel & A.Camus — # Vietnam
Quercus merrillii — # Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia), Palawan (Philippines)
Quercus mespilifolia Wall. ex A.DC — # Vietnam
Quercus morii — # Taiwan
Quercus motuoensis — # China
Quercus multinervis — # China
Quercus myrsinifolia — bamboo-leaf oak. # China, Japan, Korea, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam (synonym: Quercus neglecta)
Quercus ningangensis — # China
Quercus oblongata D.Don — # Vietnam
Quercus obovatifolia — # China
Quercus oxyodon — # Assam, Myanmar, China, Bhutan, Nepal, northern Vietnam (synonym Q. songtavanensis)
Quercus pachyloma — # China, Taiwan
Quercus patelliformis — # China
Quercus pentacycla — # China
Quercus petelotii A.Camus — # Vietnam (endemic)
Quercus phanera — # China
Quercus poilanei — # China, Thailand, Vietnam
Quercus quangtriensis Hickel & A.Camus — # Vietnam
Quercus rex — # China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam
Quercus rupestris Hickel & A.Camus — # Vietnam (endemic)
Quercus salicina — # Japan, South Korea
Quercus saravanensis — # China, Laos, Vietnam
Quercus schottkyana — # China
Quercus semiserrata — # China, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Thailand
Quercus sessilifolia — # Japan, Taiwan, China
Quercus setulosa Hickel & A.Camus — # Laos, Vietnam
Quercus sichourensis — # Yunnan (China)
Quercus stenophylloides — # Taiwan
Quercus stewardiana — # China
Quercus subhinoidea — # China
Quercus subsericea — # Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines (Palawan)
Quercus sumatrana — # Indonesia
Quercus thorelii — # China, Laos, Vietnam
Quercus tomentosinervis — # China
Quercus treubiana — # Sumatra, Borneo
Quercus xanthotricha — # China, Laos, Vietnam
Quercus yingjiangensis — # China
Quercus yonganensis — # China

Sources

Ohwi, J. Flora of Japan, 1984. ISBN 978-0-87474-708-9
Soepadmo, E., Julia, S., & Rusea G. Fagaceae. In Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak, Volume 3, 2006. Soepadmo, E., Saw, L.G. eds. Government of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ISBN 983-2181-06-2

References

^ "Quercus L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
^ Borgardt, S. J.; Pigg, K. B. (1999). "Anatomical and developmental study of petrified Quercus (Fagaceae) fruits from the Middle Miocene, Yakima Canyon, Washington, USA". American Journal of Botany. 86 (3): 307–325. doi:10.2307/2656753. JSTOR 2656753. PMID 10077494.
^ Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min; Hipp, Andrew L. (2017), Gil-Pelegrín, Eustaquio; Peguero-Pina, José Javier; Sancho-Knapik, Domingo (eds.), "An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the Oaks: Review of Previous Taxonomic Schemes and Synthesis of Evolutionary Patterns", Oaks Physiological Ecology. Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L., Tree Physiology, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 13–38, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69099-5_2, ISBN 978-3-319-69099-5, retrieved 2021-11-16
^ Kershner, Bruce, and Craig Tufts. National Wildlife Federation Field Guide to Trees of North America. New York: Sterling Pub., 2008. Print.

External links

Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). "Quercus". Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
"Quercus". Flora of China – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
"Cyclobalanopsis". Flora of China – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.

[powo-1] "Quercus L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 30 September 2020.

[Borgardt1999-2] Borgardt, S. J.; Pigg, K. B. (1999). "Anatomical and developmental study of petrified Quercus (Fagaceae) fruits from the Middle Miocene, Yakima Canyon, Washington, USA". American Journal of Botany. 86 (3): 307–325. doi:10.2307/2656753. JSTOR 2656753. PMID 10077494.

[:0-3] Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min; Hipp, Andrew L. (2017), Gil-Pelegrín, Eustaquio; Peguero-Pina, José Javier; Sancho-Knapik, Domingo (eds.), "An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the Oaks: Review of Previous Taxonomic Schemes and Synthesis of Evolutionary Patterns", Oaks Physiological Ecology. Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L., Tree Physiology, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 13–38, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69099-5_2, ISBN 978-3-319-69099-5, retrieved 2021-11-16

[4] Kershner, Bruce, and Craig Tufts. National Wildlife Federation Field Guide to Trees of North America. New York: Sterling Pub., 2008. Print.

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