Rachel (given name)

Rachel
	Dante's Vision of Rachel and Leah, the Biblical Rachel and Leah by Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1855)
Pronunciation	/ˈreɪtʃəl/ RAY-chəl,; French: [ʁaˈʃɛl],; German: [ʁaˈxɛl] (Germany) or [raˈxɛl] (Austria/Switzerland),; Dutch: [ˈrɑxɛl]
Gender	Female
Origin
Word/name	Hebrew
Meaning	ewe, one with purity
Other names
Nickname(s)	Rae, Rach
Related names	Rachael, Rae, Rahel, Raquel

Rachel (Hebrew: רָחֵל, Modern: Raḥel, Tiberian: Rāḫēl, Rāḥēl), meaning "ewe",^[1]^[2] is a feminine given name. It is best known as the name of Biblical Rachel.

Ashkenazi Jewish matronymic surnames Rokhlin (variants: Rochlin, Rohlin), Raskin, Raskine, Rashkin, Rashkind are derived from variants of the name. The surname Ruskin may be an Americanized form of Raskin.^[3]

Sixteenth century baptismal records from England show that Rachel was first used by English Christians in the mid-1500s, becoming popular during the Protestant Reformation along with other names from the Christian Bible.^[4]

Usage

The name has been among the five hundred most commonly used names in recent years for newborn girls in France, Ireland, Israel, United Kingdom and the United States.^[5]^[6] ^[7] ^[8] ^[9]

Variants

Rachey, Rahel, Rocha, Rochel, Rochie, Rochale, Rochele, Rochlin, Recha, Reche, Reichil, Rela, Releh, Relin, Reiyelina, Rekel, Rikel, Rikla, Rikle, Rasha, Rashe, Rashi, Rashel, Rachelle, Rashil, Rashka, Rashke^[10]
Rashka, Rashke, Slavic-language-influences Ashkenazi Jewish Yiddish-language, diminutive
Recha, a diminutive; an example is Rachel (Recha), the daughter of the protagonist of the 1779 play Nathan the Wise.^[11]

In various languages

Rachael, Rachelle, Racquel ^[12]
Rachela (Polish)^{[citation needed]}
Rachele (Italian)^{[citation needed]}
Rachelle (French)^{[citation needed]}
Racquela (English)^{[citation needed]}
Ráhelm (Hungarian)^{[citation needed]}
Rahelki/Rachel (German, Hebrew, Polish, Welsh, Indonesian)^{[citation needed]}
Rahela (Hawaiian, Romanian, Croatian)^{[citation needed]}
راحله (Raheleh) (Persian)^{[citation needed]}
Ráichéal (Irish)^{[citation needed]}
Raahel (Malayalam)^{[citation needed]}
Ραχήλ (Rachíl) (Greek)^{[citation needed]}
Raakel (Finnish)^{[citation needed]}
Rakel (Scandinavian)^{[citation needed]}
Rakeri (Kikuyu)^{[citation needed]}
රාකෙල් (Rakel) (Sinhala)^{[citation needed]}
Raichel (Tamil)^{[citation needed]}
రాహేలు Raahélu (Telugu)^{[citation needed]}
Raheli (Swahili)^{[citation needed]}
Rakeli (Yoruba)^{[citation needed]}
Rakul(Faroese)^{[citation needed]}
Raquel (Catalan, Galician, Portuguese, Spanish)^{[citation needed]}
Rahel/Racha (Arabic)^{[citation needed]}
ریچل (Rachel) (Urdu)^{[citation needed]}
ራሄል (Amharic)^{[citation needed]}

People named Rachel

Rachel, wife of Rabbi Akiva (1st century)
Rachel (born 1942), French singer of the 1960s
Rachel of Kittery, Maine (died 1695), American slave murdered by her owner
Rachel Aaron, American author
Rachel Aberlin, 16th-century Jewish mystic
Rachel Alejandro (born 1974), Filipino singer and actress
Rachel Allen (born 1972), Irish celebrity chef
Rachel Amanda (born 1995), Indonesian actress, singer and model
Rachel Ames (born 1929), American actress
Rachel Anderson (born 1943), English journalist and author
Rachel Anderson (football agent), the UK's first female FIFA-licensed agent
Rachel Ankeny, professor of history and philosophy of science at University of Adelaide
Rachel Antonoff (born 1981), American fashion designer
Rachel Attas (1934–2004), Israeli actress and singer
Rokhl Auerbakh (Rachel Auerbach) (1903–1976), Polish-Israeli writer, essayist, historian, and Holocaust scholar
Rachel Azaria (born 1977), Israeli politician
Rachel Tzvia Back, Israeli poet and translator
Rachel Balkovec (born 1987), American baseball manager
Rachel Yanait Ben-Zvi (1886–1979), Israeli author and first lady of Israel
Rachel Bess, American artist
Rachel Bilson (born 1981), American actress
Rachel Blanchard, Canadian actress
Rachel Bloom (born 1987), American actress
Rachel Bluwstein (1890–1931), usually referred to simply as "Rachel", Hebrew-language poet from Palestine
Rachel Bolan, born James Southworth in 1966, American bassist of Skid Row
Rachel Boston (born 1982), American actress and producer
Rachel Brand (born 1973), American lawyer and government official
Rachel Brosnahan (born 1990), American actress
Rachel Brown (born 1980), English footballer
Rachel Caine (1962–2020), American writer
Rachel Cameron (1924–2011), American ballet dancer and teacher
Rachel Campos-Duffy (born 1971), American television personality
Rachel Carns (born 1969), American musician and artist
Rachel Carson (1907–1964), American environmentalist, scientist
Rachel Chalkowski (born 1939), Israeli midwife and gemach organiser
Rachel Chiesley, Lady Grange (1679–1745), Scottish woman kidnapped by her husband
Rachel Corrie (1973–2003), American political activist
Rachel Corsie (born 1989), Scottish footballer
Rachel Cosgrove Payes (1922–1998), American author
Rachel Covey (born 1998), American actress
Rachel Crow (born 1998), American actress and singer
Rachel Cusk (born 1967), Canadian-born novelist
Rachel Daly (born 1991), English footballer
Rachel Anne Daquis (born 1987), Filipino volleyball player
Rachel David (born 1996), Indian actress
Rachel de Montmorency (1891–1961), English painter and stained glass artist
Rachel de Queiroz (1910–2003), Brazilian author, translator, and journalist
Rachel Lilian Alfreda de Silva (1920–2001), Sri Lankan Sinhala poet, journalist, and screenwriter
Rachel Dolezal (born 1977), American former civil rights activist known for falsely claiming to be African American
Rachel Don (1866–1941), New Zealand preacher and activist
Rachel Dratch (born 1966), American actress
Rachel Dror (born 1921), German holocaust survivor
Rachel Eckroth, American singer-songwriter and keyboardist
Rachel Ehrenfeld, American terrorism expert
Rachel Elior (born 1949), Israeli historian and philosopher
Rachel Elkind-Tourre (born 1939), American musician and record producer
Rachel Elnaugh (born 1964), British entrepreneur
Rachel Entwistle née Souza (1980–2006), American murder victim
Rachel Erickson (born 1999), Canadian curler
Rachel Evans, Welsh chemist
Rachel Held Evans (1981–2019), American writer
Rachel Fabri (born 1985), Maltese singer-songwriter
Rachel Fannan (born 1986), American singer, songwriter, and poet
Rachel Feinstein (artist) (born 1971), American artist
Rachel Feinstein (comedian), American actress and stand-up comedian
Rachel Félix (1821–1858), French actress (born Elisabeth Rachel Félix, better known as Mademoiselle Rachel)
Rachel Lyman Field (1894–1942), American poet, novelist and children's fiction writer
Rachel G. Fox (born 1996), American actress and singer
Rachel Freier (born 1965), American judge
Rachel Fuller (born 1973), British singer-songwriter
Rachel Furness (born 1988), Northern Irish footballer
Rachel Garcia (born 1997), American softball player
Rachel Kaadzi Ghansah (born 1981), American essayist
Rachel Goswell (born 1971), English singer-songwriter
Rachel Grant (born 1977), English actress and TV presenter
Rachel Griffith (born 1963), British-American economist
Rachel Griffiths (born 1968), Australian actress and director
Rachel Eliza Griffiths (born 1978), American poet, novelist, and photographer
Rachel Gurney (1920–2001), English actress
Rachel Hardiman (born 1961), Irish cricketer
Rachel Harris (born 1979), Australian swimmer
Rachel M. Harter, American statistician
Rachel Haugh, English architect
Rachel Hill (born 1995), American soccer player
Rachel Hilson (born 1995), American actress
Rachel Hoffman (1984–2008), American murder victim
Rachel Hofstetter (born 1992), American video game streamer
Rachel Hollis (born 1983), American author and motivational speaker
Rachel Homan (born 1989), Canadian curler
Rachel Hopkins (born 1972), British Labour MP
Rachel Hopkins (cricketer) (born 1992), English cricketer
Rachel House (actress) (born 1971), New Zealand actress and director
Rachel Hunter (born 1969), New Zealand supermodel and actress
Rachel Hurd-Wood (born 1990), British actress
Rachel Ikemeh, Nigerian conservationist
Rachel Imison (born 1978), Australian field hockey player
Rachel Ingalls (1941–2019), American author
Rachel Isaacs, American rabbi
Rachel Isadora (born 1953), American children's author, illustrator, and painter
Rachel Jackson (1767–1828), wife of U.S. President Andrew Jackson
Rachel Jacobs (1975–2015), American businesswoman
Rachel Jarry (born 1991), Australian basketball player
Rachel Jewkes, South African scientist
Rachel Johnson (born 1965), British journalist, television presenter, and author
Rachel Johnson (athlete) (born 1993), American track and field athlete
Rachel Jones, multiple people
Rachel Joyce, multiple people
Rachel Keller (born 1992), American actress
Rachel Kempson (1910–2003), English actress
Rachel Kerr, British singer-songwriter and entrepreneur
Rachel Khoo (born 1980), British cook and writer
Rachel Klamer (born 1990), Dutch triathlete
Rachel E. Klevit, American biochemist
Rachel Kolly d'Alba (born 1981), Swiss soloist violinist
Rachel Korine (born 1986), American actress
Rachel Kushner (born 1968), American novelist
Rachel Leah Jones (born 1970), American-Israeli documentary film director and producer
Rachel Levine (born 1957), transgender American assistant secretary of health
Gertrude Rachel Levy (1884–1966), British author and cultural historian writing as G. Rachel Levy
Rachel Lindsay (television personality) (born 1985), American television personality
Rachel Llanes (born 1991), American ice hockey player
Rachel Lloyd (born 1975), British activist
Rachel Lloyd (1839–1900), American chemist
Rachel Luttrell (born 1971), Tanzanian-Canadian actress
Rachel MacNair (born 1958), American sociologist and psychologist
Rachel Maddow (born 1973), American journalist
Rachel Meghan Markle (born 1981), Duchess of Sussex and former American actress
Rachel Marsden (born 1974), Canadian political columnist
Rachel McAdams (born 1978), Canadian actress
Rachel McAlpine (born 1940), New Zealand poet, novelist, and playwright
Rachel McCann (born 1993), New Zealand field hockey player
Rachel McLean (1971–1991), British murder victim
Rachel McLish (born 1955), American bodybuilder, actress, and author
Rachel Lambert Mellon (1910–2014), American horticulturalist, philanthropist, and art collector
Rachel Miner (born 1980), American actress
Rachel Mitchell (born 1967), American attorney
Rachel Morrison (born 1978), American cinematographer and director
Rachel Neaman (born 1965), British technology specialist
Rachel Newton (born 1985), Scottish singer and harpist
Rachel Neylan (born 1982), Australian cyclist
Rachel Nicholls, English opera singer
Rachel Nichols, multiple people
Rachel Nickell (1968–1992), British murder victim
Rachel Noerdlinger (born 1970), American publicist
Rachel Nordlinger, Australian linguist
Rachel Notley (born 1964), Canadian politician
Rachel O'Reilly, British chemist
Rachel O'Riordan (born 1974), Irish theatre director
Rachel Oakes Preston (1809–1868), American religious figure
Rachel Oliver (born 1971), New Zealand footballer
Rachel Oliver (scientist), British material scientist
Rachel Ong (born 1972), Singaporean politician
Rachel Oniga (1957–2021), Nigerian actress
Rachel Owen (1968–2016), Welsh photographer, printmaker, and lecturer
Rachel Owens (born 1972), American sculptor
Rachel Parish (born 1981), British sportswoman
Rachel Parris (born 1984), English comedian and actress
Rachel Parsons, multiple people
Rachel Paulose (born 1973), American attorney
Florence Jane Short (aka Rachel Peace) (1881 – died after 1932), British feminist and suffragette
Rachel Perkins (born 1970), Australian director, producer, and screenwriter
Rachel Peters (born 1991), Miss Universe Philippines 2017
Rachel Platten (born 1981), American singer and songwriter
Rachel Pollack (born 1945), American science fiction writer, comic book writer, and tarot expert
Rachel Portman (born 1960), British composer
Rachel Potter (born 1984), American singer and actress
Rachel Justine Pries, American mathematician
Rachel Qitsualik-Tinsley, Canadian writer
Rachel Quon (born 1991), American-Canadian soccer player
Rachel Rath (born 1976), Irish actress
Rachel Reeves (born 1979), British MP for the Labour Party
Rachel Reilly (born 1984), American television personality and actress
Rachel Reinert (born 1989), American country singer and songwriter
Rachel Riley (born 1986), British television presenter
Rachel Roberts, multiple people
Rachel Robinson (born 1922), American professor and nurse
Rachel Rodriguez-Williams, American politician
Rachel Rose (born 1970), Canadian poet, essayist, and short story writer
Rachel Rose (artist) (born 1986), American artist
Rachel Rossi (born 1983), American criminal justice lawyer
Rachel Roy (born 1974), American fashion designer
Rachel Scott (1981–1999), a victim in the Columbine High School massacre
Rachel Scott (women's education reformer) née Cook (1848–1905), British women's education reformer, promoted equality for women
Rachel Sebati (born 1993), South African footballer
Rachel Irene Seibert (1876–1967), American clubwoman
Rachel Sennott (born 1995), American actress and comedian
Rachel Shelley (born 1969), English actress and model
Rachel Shenton, English actress and screenwriter
Rachel Shoaf (born 1996), American convicted of murder in 2013
Rachel Smith (born 1985), Miss USA 2007
Rachel Smith (gymnast) (born 1993), British rhythmic gymnast
Rachel Stephens (1930–2011), American actress
Rachel Stevens (born 1978), English pop singer, best known as a member of the band S Club 7
Rachel Stevens (sculptor), American sculptor
Rachel Stuart (born 1972), Jamaican-Canadian model and actress
Rachel Sutherland (born 1976), New Zealand field hockey player
Rachel Sweet (born 1962), American producer, singer, and actress
Rachel Talalay (born 1958), American director and producer
Rachel Talbot Ross (born 1961), American politician and activist
Rachel Thomas, multiple people
Rachel Ticotin (born 1958), American film and television actress
Rachel Trachtenburg (born 1993), American rock singer and drummer
Rachel Treweek (born 1963), British Anglican bishop
Rachel True (born 1968), American actress
Rachel Tucker (born 1981), Northern Irish musical theatre actress, and singer
Rachel Uchitel (born 1975), American nightclub manager and television personality
Rachel Unitt (born 1982), English footballer
Rachel Vail (born 1966), American author
Rachel Vallarelli, American lacrosse player
Rachel van Cutsen (born 1984), Dutch badminton player
Rachel van Dantzig (1878–1949), Dutch sculptor
Rachel Van Hollebeke (born 1985), American soccer player
Rachel Veltri (born 1978), American actress
Rachel Viollet (born 1972), British tennis player
Rachel Wacholder (born 1975), American professional beach volleyball player
Rachel Wade (born 1990), American teenager convicted of murder
Rachel Walker (disambiguation), several people
Rachel Ward (born 1957), English-born Australian actress, columnist, film director, and screenwriter
Rachel Ward (mathematician), American applied mathematician
Rachel Weisz (born 1970), British actress
Rachel Whetstone (born 1968), British public relations executive
Rachel White, multiple people
Rachel Whiteread (born 1963), English sculptor
Rachel Williams (born 1967), American model and television presenter
Rachel Williams (footballer) (born 1988), English footballer
Rachel DeLoache Williams (born 1988), American writer
Rachel Willis-Sørensen (born 1984), American opera singer
Rachel O. Wingate (c. 1901–1953), English linguist
Rachel Yakar (born 1938), French opera singer
Rachel Yang (born 1982), Singaporean pole vaulter
Rachel Yankey (born 1979), English footballer
Rachel Yehuda (born 1959), American psychiatrist and neuroscientist
Rachel Yeoh, Malaysian socialite and model
Rachel York (born 1971), American actress and singer
Rachel Yurkovich (born 1986), American javelin thrower
Rachel Z, American pianist and keyboardist
Rachel Zadok (born 1972), South African writer
Rachel Zajac, New Zealand forensic psychologist
Rachel Zeffira, Canadian singer
Rachel Zegler, American actress and singer
Rachel Zilberberg (1920–1943), Polish resistance fighter during World War II
Rachel Zimmerman (born 1972), Canadian space scientist and inventor
Rachel Zoe (born 1971), American fashion designer, businesswoman, and writer
Rachel Zolf (born 1968), Canadian-American poet
Rachel Zucker (born 1971), American poet

People named Rachael

Hecate (musician) (born 1976), born Rachael Kozak, Swiss music producer
Rachael Anderson (died 2018), American female murder victim
Rachael Bella (born 1984), American actress, best known for her role in the 2002 film The Ring
Rachael Blackmore (born 1989), Irish jockey
Rachael Blake (born 1971), Australian actress
Rachael Bland (1978–2018), Welsh BBC newsreader
Rachael Boyle (born 1991), Scottish footballer
Rachael Carpani (born 1980), Australian actress
Rachael Denhollander (born 1984), American lawyer, former gymnast and survivor
Rachael Leigh Cook (born 1979), American actress
Rachael Finch (born 1988), Miss Universe Australia 2009, 3rd runner-up at Miss Universe 2009
Rachael Flatt (born 1992), American figure skater
Rachael Grinham (born 1977), Australian squash player
Rachael Harris (born 1968), American actress and comedian
Rachael Heyhoe Flint (1939–2017), English cricketer
Rachael Lampa (born 1985), American singer/songwriter best known for her work in the anime series Revolutionary Girl Utena
Rachael MacFarlane (born 1976), American voice actress and sister of Seth MacFarlane
Rachael McLaren, Canadian dancer
Rachael Price (born 1985), American jazz vocalist and lead vocalist of the band Lake Street Dive
Rachael Ray (born 1968), American celebrity chef and television personality
Rachael Runyan (1979–1982), American murder victim
Rachael Sage, American songwriter
Rachael Scdoris (born 1985), blind American dog musher and cross country runner
Rachael Sporn (born 1968), Australian female basketball player
Rachael Stirling (born 1977), British actress best known for the BBC drama Tipping the Velvet
Rachael Stolzenberg-Solomon, American epidemiologist and dietitian
Rachael Taylor (born 1984), Australian actress
Rachael Yamagata (born 1977), American singer-songwriter

People named Rachelle

Rachelle Leah (born 1984), American model
Rachelle Lefevre (born 1979), Canadian actress
Rachelle Ann Go (born 1986), Filipina singer
Rachelle Ferrell (born 1964), American vocalist and musician

People named Rahel

Rahel Graf (born 1989), Swiss footballer
Rahel Indermaur (born 1980), Swiss opera singer
Rahel Jaeggi (born 1967), German philosopher
Rahel Kiwic (born 1991), Swiss footballer
Rahel Varnhagen (1771–1833), German writer
Rahel Vigdozchik (born 1989), Israeli rhythmic gymnast

People named Rachele

Rachele Bruni (born 1990), Italian swimmer
Rachele Fogar (born 1991), Italian model and television personality
Rachele Lynae (born 1988), American country rock singer
Rachele Mussolini (1890–1979), wife of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini
Rachele Sangiuliano (born 1981), Italian volleyball player

People named Rakel or Raakel

Rakel Liehu (born 1939), Finnish writer

Fictional characters named Rachel (or variants thereof)

Rachael, a character in Hard Times.
Rachel, Biblical figure known for being the wife that Jacob loved
Rachel, one of the six main characters of Animorphs
Rachel, a character from the Rhapsody in Blue segment of the Disney movie Fantasia 2000
Rachael, a replicant in sci-fi movie Blade Runner
Rachel, a friend of Vivian Ward and Kit DeLuca in the romantic movie Pretty Woman
Rachel, a character in Pokémon Masters EX
Rachael (Battle Arena Toshinden), a character in the Battle Arena Toshinden fighting game series
Rachel (Ninja Gaiden), a female warrior from the Ninja Gaiden series of video games
Naughty Rachel, in the British TV Series Green Wing
Rachel Aldridge, Lady Sinderby, a character introduced in season 5 of the TV show Downton Abbey
Rachel Alucard, in the BlazBlue video game series
Rachel Amber, a side character in Life Is Strange and a main character in its spinoff, Life Is Strange: Before the Storm
Rachel Berry, in the television series Glee
Rachel Brown, in the play Inherit the Wind
Rachel Carruthers, in the Halloween film series
Rachel Chu, in the American romantic comedy-drama film Crazy Rich Asians
Rachel Creed, wife of the main character in Stephen King's 1983 horror novel Pet Sematary
Rachel Elizabeth Dare, in the young adult book series Percy Jackson & the Olympians
Rachel Dalles, a character in the Black Butler manga series and anime
Rachel Dawes, Assistant District Attorney in the Batman series of movies
Rachel Duncan, in the TV show Orphan Black
Rachel Finer, in the Netflix series Grand Army
Rachel Gardner, in the Angels of Death video game
Rachel Gatina, in the TV show One Tree Hill
Rachel Gibson, in Season 5 of Alias
Rachel Green, in the TV series Friends
Rachel Greene, a character in the TV series ER, daughter of Mark Greene
Rachel Kinski, a character in the Australian TV show Neighbours
Rachel Lynde, a supporting character in Lucy Maud Montgomery's 1908 novel Anne of Green Gables
Rachel Mason, Headmistress of Waterloo Road in the BBC drama Waterloo Road
Rachel Menken, Don Draper's client's daughter and a love interest in Mad Men
Rachel Moore, of Case Closed (Detective Conan)
Rachel Roth, the false civilian name of Raven (DC Comics)
Rachel Summers, a character in the Marvel Universe, daughter of Scott Summers and Jean Grey
Rachel Taub, a supporting character on the TV show House, the wife of Dr. Chris Taub
Rachel Teller, a character in the Need for Speed Underground 2
Rachel Tice, a recurring character in the web series The Most Popular Girls in School
Rachel Walker, a main character in the Rainbow Magic book franchise
Rachel Wilson, a minor character in the Cartoon Network series The Amazing World of Gumball
Rachel Zane, a character in the American TV show Suits

References

^ "Strong's Hebrew: 7353. רָחֵל (rachel) – ewe". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 2015-12-17.
^ "Leah and Rachel (No. 295)". Ccg.org. Retrieved 2015-12-17.
^ ' Dictionary of American Family Names , as cited by ancestry.com
^ Redmonds, George, Christian Names in Local and Family History, Dundurn Press, 2004, ISBN 1-55002-507-4 p. 41
^ "Outil interactif sur les prénoms".
^ "Introduction - CSO - Central Statistics Office".
^ "Baby names in England and Wales - Office for National Statistics".
^ "Popular Baby Names".
^ "101 Most Popular Jewish Girls Names in Israel in 2019 - B&F: Jewish Genealogy and More". 9 November 2020.
^ Rabbi Shmuel Gorr, Jewish Personal Names: Their Origin, Derivation, and Diminutive Forms, 1992, ISBN 0962637327 p. 75 (also an online list by the author, based on the book)
^ Frederick Quinn, The Sum of All Heresies: The Image of Islam in Western Thought, p. 85
^ Lansky, Bruce, 100,000+ Baby Names: The most helpful, complete, & up-to-date name book Da Capo Lifelong Books; Revised edition (July 9, 2019), ISBN 978-0-306-922985

This page or section lists people that share the same given name.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article.

[1] "Strong's Hebrew: 7353. רָחֵל (rachel) – ewe". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 2015-12-17.

[2] "Leah and Rachel (No. 295)". Ccg.org. Retrieved 2015-12-17.

[3] ' Dictionary of American Family Names , as cited by ancestry.com

[4] Redmonds, George, Christian Names in Local and Family History, Dundurn Press, 2004, ISBN 1-55002-507-4 p. 41

[5] "Outil interactif sur les prénoms".

[6] "Introduction - CSO - Central Statistics Office".

[7] "Baby names in England and Wales - Office for National Statistics".

[8] "Popular Baby Names".

[9] "101 Most Popular Jewish Girls Names in Israel in 2019 - B&F: Jewish Genealogy and More". 9 November 2020.

[10] Rabbi Shmuel Gorr, Jewish Personal Names: Their Origin, Derivation, and Diminutive Forms, 1992, ISBN 0962637327 p. 75 (also an online list by the author, based on the book)

[11] Frederick Quinn, The Sum of All Heresies: The Image of Islam in Western Thought, p. 85

[12] Lansky, Bruce, 100,000+ Baby Names: The most helpful, complete, & up-to-date name book Da Capo Lifelong Books; Revised edition (July 9, 2019), ISBN 978-0-306-922985

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