Qianichthyosaurus

Qianichthyosaurus; Temporal range: Ladinian-Carnian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Fossil specimen of Q. zhoui, Tianjin Natural History Museum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	†Ichthyosauria
Family:	†Toretocnemidae
Genus:	†Qianichthyosaurus; Li, 1999
Type species
	Qianichthyosaurus zhoui; Li, 1999
Other species
	Q. xingyiensis Yang et al., 2013;

Qianichthyosaurus is an extinct genus of ichthyosaur from the Ladinian and Carnian stages of the Late Triassic epoch. Its fossils have been found in southeastern China, in Carnian rocks of the Falang Formation near Huangtutang, Guizhou.^[1] The type species is Qianichthyosaurus zhoui, named by Chun Li in 1999. A second species, Qianichthyosaurus xingyiensis, was named from older (Ladinian) deposits in the Falang Formation in 2013 by Pengfei Yang and colleagues.^[2] Complete Qianichthyosaurus fossils are common in the Xiaowa Formation, with both juveniles and pregnant specimens being known; its larger contemporaries, Guizhouichthyosaurus and Guanlingsaurus, are rarer.^[3]

With an adult specimen of Q. zhoui measuring 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) long and a specimen of Q. xingyiensis measuring 1.3 metres (4 ft 3 in) long, Qianichthyosaurus was a small ichthyosaur. Both species had short, pointed snouts, small teeth, and hind flippers that were nearly as long as the front flippers, measuring 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) in length. Between the two species, Q. xingyiensis had a longer snout.^[2] Qianichthyosaurus is most similar to Toretocnemus from the Carnian of California, United States. They share the expanded bottom end of their femora and their four-digited flippers with notches on both edges, but Qianichthyosaurus has longer front flippers and differently-shaped ischia. The two genera together form the family Toretocnemidae.^[1]

Fossil specimen of Q. zhoui, Beijing Natural History Museum

References

^ ^a ^b Nicholls, E.L.; Wei, C.; Manabe, M. (2002). "New Material of Qianichthyosaurus Li, 1999 (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria) from the late Triassic of southern China, and Implications for the Distribution of Triassic Ichthyosaurs". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 22 (4): 759–765. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0759:NMOQLR]2.0.CO;2.
^ ^a ^b Yang, P.; Ji, C.; Jiang, D.; Motani, R.; Tintori, A.; Sun, Y.; Sun, Z. (2013). "A new species of Qianichthyosaurus (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from Xingyi Fauna (Ladinian, Middle Triassic) of Guizhou". Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis. 49 (6): 1002–1008. doi:10.13209/j.0479-8023.2013.133.
^ Wang, X.; Bachmann, G.H.; Hagdorn, H.; Sander, P.M.; Cuny, G.; Chen, X.; Wang, C.; Chen, L.; Cheng, L.; Meng, F.; Xu, G. (2008). "The Late Triassic black shales of the Guanling area, Guizhou province, south-west China: a unique marine reptile and pelagic crinoid fossil lagerstätte". Palaeontology. 51 (1): 27–61. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00735.x.