House of Thani
House of Thani اَل ثاني | |
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File:New Emblem of Qatar.svg Emblem and Flag of Qatar | |
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Parent house | Banu Hanzala[1] |
Country | Qatar |
Founded | c. 1847 |
Founder | Mohammed bin Thani |
Current head | Tamim bin Hamad |
Titles | |
Traditions | Islam (Sunni) |
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Administrative divisions (municipalities) |
The House of Thani (Arabic: اَل ثاني, romanized: Al Thani) is the ruling family of Qatar, with origins tracing back to the Banu Tamim tribal confederation.[2]
History and structure
The Al Thanis[3] can be traced back to Mudar bin Nizar, who settled at Gebrin oasis in southern Najd (present-day Saudi Arabia) before he moved to Qatar.[4] Around the 17th century, the tribe lived in Ushayqir, a settlement north-east of Riyadh. They settled in Qatar around the 1720s. Their first settlement in Qatar was in the southern town of Sikak, and from there they moved north-west to Zubarah and Al Ruwais.[5] They settled in Doha in the 19th century under their leader Mohammed bin Thani.[4] The group was named after the father of Mohammad, Thani bin Mohammad.[4]
The family is made of four main factions: Bani Qassim, Bani Ahmed, Bani Jaber, and Bani Thamer.[6][7] As of the early 1990s, the number of the family members was estimated to be about 6,000.[7][better source needed]
The leadership transitions in 1913, 1949, 1960, and 2013 were aII abdications.[6] These abdications were to a nephew in one incident and sons in the others.[6][8]
Rulers
List of Emirs:
- Sheikh Thani bin Mohammad
- Sheikh Mohammed bin Thani, Emir of Qatar (1851–1878)
- Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1878–1913)
- Sheikh Ahmad bin Mohammed Al Thani, Ruled Qatar between 1898 and 1905 (after his brother abdicated in favor of him) until he was killed in 1905.[9]
- Sheikh Mohammed bin Jassim Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1913–1914)
- Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1914–1949)
- Sheikh Ali bin Abdullah Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1949–1960)
- Sheikh Ahmad bin Ali Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1960–1972)
- Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1972–1995)
- Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1995–2013)
- Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (2013–present)[10]
Family tree
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Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani Branch
- Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani (ca. 1825–1913) Founder of modern Qatar
- Sheikh Fahad bin Jassim Al Thani I (19th century, died when he was young)
- Sheikh Khalifa bin Jassim Al Thani (1851–1931)
- Sheikh Thani bin Jassim Al Thani (1856–1943), Sheikh of Al Gharafa
- Sheikh Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani (1871–1930), Sheikh of Al Wakra
- Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani (1880–1957), Former Sheikh of Al Rayyan, Ruler of Qatar (1914–1940, 1948–1949)
- Sheikh Ali bin Jassim Al Thani (19th century, died when he was young)
- Sheikh Mohammed bin Jassim Al Thani (1881–1971), Sheikh of Umm Salal Mohammed
- Sheikh Jassim bin Muhammed bin Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikh Fahad bin Jassim Al Thani (19th century–1977)
- Sheikh Faisal bin Fahad Al Thani
- Sheikh Hamad bin Fahad Al Thani
- Sheikh Abdullah bin Fahad Al Thani
- Sheikh Nasir bin Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikh ??? bin Nasir Al Thani
- Sheikh ??? bin Nasir Al Thani
- Sheikh ??? bin Nasir Al Thani
- Sheikh ??? bin Nasir Al Thani
- Sheikh ??? bin Nasir Al Thani
- Sheikh Abdulaziz bin Jassim Al Thani (19th century–1970)
- Sheikh Khalid bin Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikh Fahad bin Khalid bin Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikh ??? bin Khalid Al Thani
- Sheikh Hamad Bin Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikh ??? bin Hamad Al Thani
- Sheikh ??? bin Hamad Al Thani
- Sheikh Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikh ??? bin Abdulrahman Al Thani
- Sheikh ??? bin Abdulrahman Al Thani
- Sheikh ??? bin Abdulrahman Al Thani
- Sheikh ??? bin Abdulrahman Al Thani
- Sheikh Ali bin Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikh ??? bin Abdullah Al Thani
- Sheikh ??? bin Abdullah Al Thani
- Sheikh ??? bin Abdullah Al Thani
- Sheikh ??? bin Abdullah Al Thani
- Sheikh Khalifa bin Jassim Al Thani (1959)
- Sheikh Salman Bin Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikh ??? bin Salman Al Thani
- Sheikh ??? bin Salman Al Thani
- Sheikh ??? bin Salman Al Thani
- Sheikh Saud Bin Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikh ??? bin Saud Al Thani
- Sheikh ??? bin Saud Al Thani
- Sheikh ??? bin Saud Al Thani
- Sheikh ??? bin Saud Al Thani
- Sheikh Sultan bin Jassim Al Thani, Married
- Sheikh Faysal bin Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikh ??? bin Faysal Al Thani
- Sheikh Hasan bin Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikh ??? Hamid Mohammed
- Sheikha Noor bint Jassim Al Thani, Married
- Sheikha Rowdha bint Jassim Al Thani, Married to Abdullah bin Ahmad Bin Abdullah
- Sheikha Amna bint Jassim Al Thani, Married to Khalid bin Hamad bin Abdullah
- Sheikha Al-Anoud bint Jassim Al Thani, Married, with 2 sons and 2 daughters
- Sheikha Tamather bint Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikha Fatma bint Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikha Muna bint Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikha Jawaher bint Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikha Sheikha bint Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikha Maha bint Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikha Moneera bint Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikha Khowla bint Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikha Leena bint Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikha Loolwa bint Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikha Mariam bint Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikha Noora bint Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikh Fahad bin Jassim Al Thani (19th century–1977)
- Sheikh Jassim bin Muhammed bin Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikh Ghanim bin Jassim Al Thani (1880s 2nd millennium)
- Sheikh Ali bin Jassim Al Thani II (1893–1972), Sheikh of Umm Salal Ali
- Sheikh Fahad bin Jassim Al Thani II (19th century, died young)
- Sheikh Fahad bin Jassim Al Thani III (1897-ca.1980), Sheikh of Al Khiesa, settled in Rumeliah and Adba
- Sheikh Abdulaziz bin Jassim Al Thani (1896–1985), Sheikh of Al Markhiya
- Sheikh Salman bin Jassim Al Thani (19th century, died during/soon after his birth)
- Sheikh Idris bin Jassim Al Thani (19th century, died during/soon after his birth)
- Sheikh Mubarak bin Jassim Al Thani (19th century, died during/soon after his birth)
- Sheikh Salman bin Jassim Al Thani II (1899–1984), Sheikh of Dukhan
- Sheikh Nasser bin Jassim Al Thani (1900s–1978), Sheikh of Nasiriya
- Sheikh Sultan bin Jassim Al Thani (1900s–1976), Sheikh of Umm Al Amad
- Sheikh Ahmed bin Jassim Al Thani (1900s–1995), Sheikh of Al Khor
- Sheikh Khawar bin Ahmed Al Thani Emir of Al Khor since 1996
- Sheikh Fahad bin Khawar Al Thani
- Sheikha ??? bint Khawar Al Thani
- Sheikha ??? bint Khawar Al Thani
- Sheikh Khawar bin Ahmed Al Thani Emir of Al Khor since 1996
- Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani (ca. 1825–1913) Founder of Modern Qatar
- Sheikh Muhammed bin Jassim Al Thani- De facto ruler
- Sheikh Jassim bin Muhammed bin Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikh Ahmed bin Mohammed Al Thani
- Sheikh Abdullah bin Mohammed Al Thani
- Sheikh Thamir bin Mohammed bin Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikh Ghanim bin Mohammed Al Thani
- Sheikh Thani bin Mohammed Al Thani
- Sheikh Abdulrahman bin Mohammed Al Thani
- Sheikh Khalid bin Mohammed Al Thani
- Sheikh Khalifa bin Mohammed Al Thani
- Sheikh Mubarak bin Mohammed Al Thani
- Sheikh Musa'id bin Mohammed Al Thani
- Sheikh Hassan bin Mohammed Al Thani
- Sheikh Mansoor bin Mohammed Al Thani
- Sheikh Falih bin Mohammed Al Thani
- Sheikh Jabor bin Mohammed Al Thani
- Sheikh Ali bin Mohammed Al Thani
- Sheikh Saud bin Mohammed Al Thani
- Sheikha Fatima bint Mohammed Al Thani
- Sheikha Sarah bint Mohammed Al Thani
- Sheikha Loulwa bint Mohammed Al Thani
- Sheikha Hessa bint Mohammed Al Thani
- Sheikha Sheikha bint Mohammed Al Thani
- Sheikha Noura bint Mohammed Al Thani
- Ali bin Jassim Al Thani
- Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani – Ruler
- Ali bin Abdullah Al Thani – Ruler
- Ahmad bin Ali Al Thani – Emir
- Abdelaziz bin Ahmed Al Thani (1945–2008), ex-crown Prince (in-exile)
- Muhammed bin Ali Al Thani
- Ahmad bin Ali Al Thani – Emir
- Hassan bin Abdullah Al Thani
- Hamad bin Abdullah Al Thani – Crown Prince (died before his father)
- Ahmed bin Hamad Al Thani
- Saud bin Ahmed Al Thani, (born 1969) former Qatari footballer
- Jassim bin Hamad bin Abdullah Al Thani
- Abdelaziz bin Hamad Al Thani
- Mohammed bin Hamad bin Abdullah Al Thani
- Khalid bin Hamad Al Thani
- Suhaim bin Hamad Al Thani
- Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani – Emir
- Abdelaziz bin Khalifa Al Thani
- Abdullah bin Khalifah Al Thani
- Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani – Emir till 25 June 2013
- Mishaal bin Hamad Al Thani – Heir Apparent (till 1996)
- Jasim bin Hamad Al Thani – Heir Apparent (till 2003)
- Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani – Emir from 25 June 2013
- Joaan bin Hamad Al Thani
- Mohammed bin Hamad Al Thani
- Khalid bin Hamad Al Thani
- Abdullah bin Hamad Al Thani – Deputy Emir
- Thani bin Hamad Al Thani
- Khalfa bin Hamad Al Thani
- Ahmed bin Hamad Al Thani
- Ali bin Abdullah Al Thani – Ruler
- Fahad bin Jassim Al Thani
- Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani
- Thani bin Jassim bin Muhammed Al Thani
- Sheikh Muhammed bin Jassim Al Thani- De facto ruler
The Ahmed bin Muhammed Al Thani Branch
- Thani bin Mohammed
- Mohammed bin Thani
- Sheikh Ahmed bin Muhammed Al Thani – Governor of Doha
- Sheikh Saif bin Ahmed Al Thani
- Sheikh Ahmed bin Saif Al Thani
- Sheikh Saif bin Ahmed Al Thani
- Sheikh Mohammed bin Ahmed Al Thani
- Sheikh Ahmed bin Saif Al Thani
- Sheikh Khalifa bin Ahmed Al Thani
- Sheikh Nasser bin Khalifa Al Thani
- Sheikh Abdullah bin Nasser bin Khalifa Al Thani, Prime Minister and Interior Minister of Qatar (2013)
- Sheikh Nasser bin Khalifa Al Thani
- Sheikh Abdullah bin Ahmed Al Thani
- Sheikh Khalid bin Ahmed Al Thani
- Sheikh Ahmed bin Khalid Al Thani
- Sheikh Nasser bin Khalid Al Thani, founder of Nasser bin Khalid Holdings
- Sheikh Nawaf bin Nasser Al Thani
- Sheikh Ahmed bin Ahmed Al Thani
- Sheikh Mubarak bin Ahmed Al Thani
- Sheikh Mohammed bin Ahmed Al Thani
- Sheikh Jabr bin Ahmed Al Thani
- Sheikh Nasser bin Jabr Al Thani
- Sheikh Jaber Bin Nasser Al-Thani
- Sheikh Nasser bin Jabr Al Thani
- Sheikh Hamad bin Ahmed Al Thani
- Sheikh Nasser bin Ahmed Al Thani
- Sheikh Abdullah bin Ahmed Al Thani
- Sheikh Saif bin Ahmed Al Thani
- Sheikh Ahmed bin Muhammed Al Thani – Governor of Doha
- Mohammed bin Thani
The Fahad bin Muhammed Al Thani Branch
The Jaber bin Muhammed Al Thani Branch
- Sheikh Jabr bin Muhammed Al Thani (1878–1934)
- Sheikh Muhammad bin Jabr Al Thani (1916–1983)
- Sheikh Jaber bin Muhammad Al Thani
- Sheikh Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani
- Yousif bin Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikh Jabor bin Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikh Fahad bin Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani (1959), Foreign Minister of Qatar (1992-today), Prime Minister of Qatar (2007-today) retired (2013)
- Sheikh Jabor bin Hamad Al Thani
- Sheikh Jassim bin Hamad Al Thani
- Sheikh Mohammed bin Hamad Al Thani
- Sheikh Fahad bin Hamad Al Thani
- Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani
- Sheikh Falah Bin Hamad Al Thani
- Sheikh Falah bin Jassim Al Thani
- Mansoor bin Jassim Al Thani
- Nawaf bin Jassim Al Thani
- Sheikh Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani
- Sheikh Jaber bin Muhammad Al Thani
- Sheikh Muhammad bin Jabr Al Thani (1916–1983)
The Thamir bin Muhammed Al Branch
Controversies
In 1995, many royal family members staged a successful coup against the then King, King Khalifa Al Thani. His son, Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani became the King. A few months later, there was a failed coup.
Over the years, the Qatar government has revoked the nationality of many Qatari citizens.[11] Criticism of the Royals and other government entities can land people in trouble.[12] Many citizens have protested against the government over discriminatory practices.[13]
See also
References
- ^ "The Banu Tamim tribe". 28 February 2019.
- ^ "Meet the world's other 25 royal families". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 4 July 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
- ^ Althani, Mohamed (2013). Jassim the Leader: Founder of Qatar. Profile Books. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-78125-070-9.
- ^ a b c "Line of succession: The Al Thani rule in Qatar". Gulf News. 24 June 2013. Archived from the original on 27 June 2013. Retrieved 27 June 2013.
- ^ Mohamed Althani, p. 26
- ^ a b c Kamrava, Mehran (Summer 2009). "Royal Factionalism and Political Liberalization in Qatar". The Middle East Journal. 63 (3): 401–420. doi:10.3751/63.3.13. S2CID 154521643. Archived from the original on 13 July 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2013.
- ^ a b Helen Chapin Metz, ed. (1993). "The Al Thani". Persian Gulf States: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2013.
- ^ Crystal, Jill (July 1989). "Coalitions in Oil Monarchies: Kuwait and Qatar". Comparative Politics. 21 (4): 427–443. doi:10.2307/422006. JSTOR 422006.
- ^ "File 160/1903 'Persian Gulf: El Katr; appointment of Turkish Mudirs; question of Protectorate Treaty with El Katr' [170v] (345/860)". Qatar Digital Library. 20 August 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
- ^ "Qatari emir Sheikh Hamad hands power to son Tamim". BBC News. 25 June 2013. Archived from the original on 25 June 2013. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
- ^ "Qatar move to revoke citizenship of clan chief draws flak".
- ^ "Qatar, the Gulf emirate famed for openness, is silencing critics". The Economist. 13 February 2020.
- ^ "Qatar: Election Law Exposes Discriminatory Citizenship". 9 September 2021.
External links
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