House of Thani

House of Thani
اَل ثاني
House of Thani; اَل ثاني
	File:New Emblem of Qatar.svg Emblem and Flag of Qatar
Parent house	Banu Hanzala
Country	Qatar
Founded	c. 1847
Founder	Mohammed bin Thani
Current head	Tamim bin Hamad
Titles	Hakim; Emir;
Traditions	Islam (Sunni)

The House of Thani (Arabic: اَل ثاني, romanized: Al Thani) is the ruling family of Qatar, with origins tracing back to the Banu Tamim tribal confederation.^[2]

History and structure

The Al Thanis^[3] can be traced back to Mudar bin Nizar, who settled at Gebrin oasis in southern Najd (present-day Saudi Arabia) before he moved to Qatar.^[4] Around the 17th century, the tribe lived in Ushayqir, a settlement north-east of Riyadh. They settled in Qatar around the 1720s. Their first settlement in Qatar was in the southern town of Sikak, and from there they moved north-west to Zubarah and Al Ruwais.^[5] They settled in Doha in the 19th century under their leader Mohammed bin Thani.^[4] The group was named after the father of Mohammad, Thani bin Mohammad.^[4]

The family is made of four main factions: Bani Qassim, Bani Ahmed, Bani Jaber, and Bani Thamer.^[6]^[7] As of the early 1990s, the number of the family members was estimated to be about 6,000.^[7]^{[better source needed]}

The leadership transitions in 1913, 1949, 1960, and 2013 were aII abdications.^[6] These abdications were to a nephew in one incident and sons in the others.^[6]^[8]

Rulers

List of Emirs:

Sheikh Thani bin Mohammad
Sheikh Mohammed bin Thani, Emir of Qatar (1851–1878)
Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1878–1913)
Sheikh Ahmad bin Mohammed Al Thani, Ruled Qatar between 1898 and 1905 (after his brother abdicated in favor of him) until he was killed in 1905.^[9]
Sheikh Mohammed bin Jassim Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1913–1914)
Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1914–1949)
Sheikh Ali bin Abdullah Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1949–1960)
Sheikh Ahmad bin Ali Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1960–1972)
Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1972–1995)
Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1995–2013)
Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (2013–present)^[10]

Family tree

'Genealogical table of the Ruling Āl Thāni (Ma’ādhīd) Family of Dōhah in Qatar', produced in 1915.

House of Thani

Muhammad
bin Thani
⁽¹⁾
r. 1847-1878

Jassim
bin Muhammad
⁽²⁾
r. 1878-1913

Abdullah
bin Jassim
⁽³⁾
r. 1913-1949

Ali
bin Abdullah
⁽⁴⁾
r. 1949-1960

Hamad
bin Abdullah

Ahmad
bin Ali
⁽⁵⁾
r. 1960-1972

Khalifa
bin Hamad
⁽⁶⁾
r. 1972-1995

Hamad
bin Khalifa
⁽⁷⁾
r. 1995-2013

Tamim
bin Hamad
⁽⁸⁾
r. 2013-present

Controversies

In 1995, many royal family members staged a successful coup against the then King, King Khalifa Al Thani. His son, Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani became the King. A few months later, there was a failed coup.

Over the years, the Qatar government has revoked the nationality of many Qatari citizens.^[11] Criticism of the Royals and other government entities can land people in trouble.^[12] Many citizens have protested against the government over discriminatory practices.^[13]

References

^ "The Banu Tamim tribe". 28 February 2019.
^ "Meet the world's other 25 royal families". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 4 July 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
^ Althani, Mohamed (2013). Jassim the Leader: Founder of Qatar. Profile Books. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-78125-070-9.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Line of succession: The Al Thani rule in Qatar". Gulf News. 24 June 2013. Archived from the original on 27 June 2013. Retrieved 27 June 2013.
^ Mohamed Althani, p. 26
^ ^a ^b ^c Kamrava, Mehran (Summer 2009). "Royal Factionalism and Political Liberalization in Qatar". The Middle East Journal. 63 (3): 401–420. doi:10.3751/63.3.13. S2CID 154521643. Archived from the original on 13 July 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2013.
^ ^a ^b Helen Chapin Metz, ed. (1993). "The Al Thani". Persian Gulf States: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2013.
^ Crystal, Jill (July 1989). "Coalitions in Oil Monarchies: Kuwait and Qatar". Comparative Politics. 21 (4): 427–443. doi:10.2307/422006. JSTOR 422006.
^ "File 160/1903 'Persian Gulf: El Katr; appointment of Turkish Mudirs; question of Protectorate Treaty with El Katr' [170v] (345/860)". Qatar Digital Library. 20 August 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
^ "Qatari emir Sheikh Hamad hands power to son Tamim". BBC News. 25 June 2013. Archived from the original on 25 June 2013. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
^ "Qatar move to revoke citizenship of clan chief draws flak".
^ "Qatar, the Gulf emirate famed for openness, is silencing critics". The Economist. 13 February 2020.
^ "Qatar: Election Law Exposes Discriminatory Citizenship". 9 September 2021.

External links

[1] "The Banu Tamim tribe". 28 February 2019.

[2] "Meet the world's other 25 royal families". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 4 July 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2017.

[3] Althani, Mohamed (2013). Jassim the Leader: Founder of Qatar. Profile Books. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-78125-070-9.

[gnrews24june-4] "Line of succession: The Al Thani rule in Qatar". Gulf News. 24 June 2013. Archived from the original on 27 June 2013. Retrieved 27 June 2013.

[5] Mohamed Althani, p. 26

[kamsum09-6] Kamrava, Mehran (Summer 2009). "Royal Factionalism and Political Liberalization in Qatar". The Middle East Journal. 63 (3): 401–420. doi:10.3751/63.3.13. S2CID 154521643. Archived from the original on 13 July 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2013.

[hcm1993-7] Helen Chapin Metz, ed. (1993). "The Al Thani". Persian Gulf States: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2013.

[jill1989-8] Crystal, Jill (July 1989). "Coalitions in Oil Monarchies: Kuwait and Qatar". Comparative Politics. 21 (4): 427–443. doi:10.2307/422006. JSTOR 422006.

[9] "File 160/1903 'Persian Gulf: El Katr; appointment of Turkish Mudirs; question of Protectorate Treaty with El Katr' [170v] (345/860)". Qatar Digital Library. 20 August 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2020.

[New_Emir_BBC-10] "Qatari emir Sheikh Hamad hands power to son Tamim". BBC News. 25 June 2013. Archived from the original on 25 June 2013. Retrieved 25 June 2013.

[11] "Qatar move to revoke citizenship of clan chief draws flak".

[12] "Qatar, the Gulf emirate famed for openness, is silencing critics". The Economist. 13 February 2020.

[13] "Qatar: Election Law Exposes Discriminatory Citizenship". 9 September 2021.

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House of Thani

Contents

History and structure

Rulers

Family tree

Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani Branch

The Ahmed bin Muhammed Al Thani Branch

The Fahad bin Muhammed Al Thani Branch

The Jaber bin Muhammed Al Thani Branch

The Thamir bin Muhammed Al Branch

Controversies

See also

References

External links

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