Qadiriyya wa Naqshbandiyya
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The Hazrat Ishaans and their followers the Naqshbandis substantiate their leadership as rightful successors of Prophet Muhammad on the occasion of a certain biological line of prediction from Muhammad over leading Saints, so called Ghaus or Aqtab reaching Sayyid Mir Jan as the promised Khwaja-e-Khwajagan-Jahan, meaning "Khwaja of all Khwajas of the world". This line is also considered the line of the Qadiri Imamate. They all are descending from each other.[1]
- Muhammad predicted the coming of his descendant the Muhammad al-Baqir al Hasani wal Husseini[2]
- Muhammad Baqir predicted the coming of his descendant Ali, the Ridha men Ahlul bayt[3]
- Ali al-Ridha predicted the coming of his descendant Muhammad al Mahdi, the Qaim[4]
- Muhammad al Mahdi and his father Hasan al Askari as well as his little brother Sayyid Ali Akbar predicted the coming of Abdul Qadir, the Mohyuddin, "reviver of faith". This shows that the Imamate after Muhammad al Mahdi is continued reaching his relative Abdul Qadir Gilani.[5]
- Abdul Qadir Gilani predicted the coming of his descendant Bahauddin, the Naqshband[6][7]
- Bahauddin predicted the coming of his descendant Khawand Mahmud, the Hazrat Ishaan; Damrel highlights that the followers believe in the resurrection of Bahauddin (Persian:"Az Qabar Bar Amadah")[24] in year 1598, proclaiming the succession of his descendant Mahmud.[8]
- Hazrat Ishaan and his family predicted the coming of Sayyid Mir Jan, the Khwaja of all Khwajas; Qasvari in a same manner describes the belief of the resurrection of Mahmud in the end of the 19th century, proclaiming Sayyid Mir Jan as successor and promised "Khwaja of all Khwajas".[1]
Khwaja Khawand Mahmud Al Alavi, known by his followers as "Hazrat Ishaan" was directed by his Pir Ishaq Wali Dahbidi to spread the Naqshbandiyya in Mughal India. His influence mostly remained in the Kashmir valley, whereupon Baqi Billah has expanded the order in other parts of India.[9] Mahmud is a significant Saint of the order as he is a direct blood descendant in the 7th generation of Baha-ul-din Naqshband, the founder of the order[9] and his son in law Ala-ul-din Atar.[10] It is because of this that Mahmud claims direct spiritual connection to his ancestor Baha-u-din.[9] Furthermore Mahmud had a significant amount of nobles as disciples, highlighting his popular influence in the Mughal Empire.[11] His main emphasis was to highlight orthodox Sunni teachings.[11] Mahmud's son Moinuddin lies buried in their Khanqah together with his wife who was the daughter of a Mughal Emperor. It is a pilgrimage site in which congregational prayers, known as "Khoja-Digar" are held in honor of Baha-ul-Din on his death anniversary the 3rd Rabi ul Awwal of the islamic lunar calendar. This practice including the "Khatm Muazzamt" is a practice that goes back to Mahmud and his son Moinuddin[9] The Kashmiri population venerate Mahmud and his family as they are regarded them as the revivers of the Naqshbandiyya in Kashmir.[12] Mahmud was succeeded by his son Moinuddin and their progeny until the line died out in the eighteenth century.[10]However this line was revived again by a descendant of Mahmud in the 8th generation called Sayyid Mir Jan Kabuli, who centered Mahmud's cult in Lahore. Sayyid Mir Jan is buried next to Mahmud in his mausoleum in Lahore.[13]
The current Imam of the Qadiri-Naqshbandiyya regarded as rightful successor of Abdul Qadir Gilani is His Serene Highness Prince Sayyid Raphael Dakik, who acts as the leader of the Royal Afghan Opposition. His Serene Highness is a genetical descendant of his ancestor Abdul Qadir Gilani through the above-mentioned line. He highlights that there is no difference between the Naqshbandiyya and the Qadiriyya and that the Naqshbandiyya is the continuation of the Qadiriyya through the rightful successor of Abdul Qadir Gilani, Bahauddin Naqshband.[14][15]
References
- ^ a b Tazkare Khwanadane Hazrat Eshan(Stammesverzeichnis der Hazrat Ishaan Kaste)(verfasst und geschriben von: Yasin Qasvari Naqshbandi Verlag: Talimat Naqshbandiyya in Lahore), p. 281
- ^ "The Fifth Imam, Muhammad Ibn 'Ali al-Baqir (as)". www.al-islam.org. 2015-05-12. Retrieved 2022-09-29.
- ^ Al Ridha (pbuh) – The life and times of Imam Ali Ibn Musa Al-Ridha, retrieved 2022-09-29
- ^ Günther/Lawson in Roads to Paradise: Eschatology and Concepts of the Hereafter in Islam, p. 623 f.
- ^ Skeikh Abu Muhammad in Kitab Makhzaanul Qadiriyya
- ^ Imam Abu‟l Hasan „Ali ash-Shattanawfi Nuruddin Alli Ibn Jaleel in Bahjat al Asrar
- ^ Shaykh Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Tadifi al-Hanbali in Qalaid Jawahir
- ^ David Damrel in Forgotten grace: Khwaja Khawand Mahmud Naqshbandi in Central Asia and Mughal India, p. 67
- ^ a b c d "Google Books". books.google.com. Retrieved 2022-09-29.
- ^ a b Weismann, Itzchak (2007-06-25). The Naqshbandiyya: Orthodoxy and Activism in a Worldwide Sufi Tradition. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-35305-7.
- ^ a b Richards, John F. (1993). The Mughal Empire. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-56603-2.
- ^ Shah, Sayid Ashraf (2021-12-06). Flower Garden: Posh-i-Chaman. Ashraf Fazili.
- ^ Damrel, David William (1991). Forgotten grace: Khwaja Khawand Mahmud Naqshbandi in Central Asia and Mughal India (Thesis). ProQuest 303945507.
- ^ "Home". Sayyid Raphael Dakik (in German). Retrieved 2022-09-29.
- ^ "Start | Supreme Leadership of the Naqshbandi Sufi Order". Hazrat Ishaan Saheb (in German). Retrieved 2022-09-29.