Psilopogon

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Psilopogon
Psilopogon pyrolophus-20030906.jpg
Fire-tufted barbet (Psilopogon pyrolophus)
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Piciformes
Family: Megalaimidae
Genus: Psilopogon
S. Müller, 1836
Type species
P. pyrolophus
Synonyms

Megalaima G. R. Gray, 1842

Psilopogon is a genus of Old World barbets that used to include only a single species, the fire-tufted barbet (P. pyrolophus). Results of molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that the genus is nested within an evolutionary branch consisting of Asian barbets that were formerly placed in the genus Megalaima proposed by George Robert Gray in 1841. Since Psilopogon was proposed by Salomon Müller already in 1835, this name takes priority.[1][2]

The name Psilopogon combines the Ancient Greek psilos meaning "bare" and pōgōn meaning "beard".[3]

Taxonomy

The type species of Psilopogon is the fire-tufted barbet proposed by Salomon Müller in 1835, who described a male barbet collected in Sumatra.[4][5]

In the 19th and 20th centuries, about 19 generic names were proposed for Asian barbet species in collections of natural history museums, including Megalaima by George Robert Gray in 1849 and Mezobucco by George Ernest Shelley in 1889.[6] Molecular phylogenetic research of Asian barbets revealed that the Megalaima species form a clade, which also includes the fire-tufted barbet. Barbets formerly placed in Megalaima were therefore reclassified under the genus Psilopogon, which now contains the following 32 species:[7]

Species Image Distribution
Fire-tufted barbet (P. pyrolophus) Psilopogon pyrolophus-20030906.jpg Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra
Coppersmith barbet (P. haemacephalus) (Statius Müller, 1776)[8] Coppersmith Barbet (Megalaima haemacephala) in Kolkata I IMG 7583.jpg from Pakistan to the Philippines and Indonesia
White-cheeked barbet (P. viridis) (Boddaert, 1783)[9] White cheeked barbet( Megalaima viridis) 4.jpg Western Ghats and adjoining hills
Great barbet (P. virens) (Boddaert, 1783)[10] GreatBarbet.JPG northern India, Nepal and Bhutan, Bangladesh and some parts of Southeast Asia, as far east as Laos
Brown-headed barbet (P. zeylanicus) (Gmelin, 1788) Brown headed Barbet I2 IMG 8449.jpg Western Ghats and hilly parts of southern peninsular India
Crimson-fronted barbet (P. rubricapillus) Gmelin, 1788) Crimson-fronted Barbet AKA Ceylon Small Barbet (Psilopogon Rubricapillus).jpg Sri Lanka
Blue-throated barbet (P. asiaticus) (Latham, 1790) Blue-throated Barbet (Megalaima asiatica) on Kapok (Ceiba pentandra) in Kolkata W IMG 4293.jpg Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia
Lineated barbet (P. lineatus) (Vieillot, 1816) Lineated Barbet Megalaima lineata by Dr. Raju Kasambe IMG 2035 (3).JPG West Bengal and Bangladesh
Yellow-fronted barbet (P. flavifrons) (Cuvier, 1816) Megalaima flavifrons 1.jpg Sri Lanka
Black-banded barbet (P. javensis) (Horsfield, 1821) Black-banded Barbet.jpg Java and Bali
Yellow-eared barbet (P. australis) (Horsfield, 1821) Yellow-eared Barbet - Meru Bethiri - East Java MG 7202 (29696590452).jpg Java and Bali
Flame-fronted barbet (P. armillaris) (Temminck, 1821) Flame-fronted Barbet (Megalaima armillaris armillaris).jpg Java and Bali
Golden-whiskered barbet (P. chrysopogon) (Temminck, 1824) Burung Takur Besar.jpg Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Borneo and Sumatra
Red-throated barbet (P. mystacophanos) (Temminck, 1824) Red-throated Barbet - Krung Ching - Thailand S4E3842 (14086434730).jpg Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei
Black-eared barbet (P. duvaucelii) (Lesson, 1830) Blue-eared Barbet (Psilopogon duvaucelii cyanoticus).jpg Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo
Green-eared barbet (P. faiostrictus) (Temminck, 1831) Green-eared barbet.jpg southern China, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam
Brown-throated barbet (P. corvinus) (Temminck, 1831) Megalaima corvina 1838.jpg western Java
Yellow-crowned barbet (P. henricii) (Temminck, 1831) Megalaima henricii 1838.jpg Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand
Black-browed barbet (P. oorti) (Müller, 1836) Black-browed Barbet - Malaysia MG 6603 (16222423359).jpg Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula
Red-crowned barbet (P. rafflesii) (Lesson, 1839) Red-crowned Barbet ( Megalaima rafflesii ).jpg Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, and Thailand
Golden-throated barbet (P. franklinii) (Edward Blyth, 1842)[11] Golden-throated Barbet - Bhutan S4E0602 (15788610633).jpg Nepal, India, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Laos, Vietnam and mainland China
Blue-eared barbet (P. cyanotis) (Blyth, 1847) Blue-eared Barbet (Psilopogon duvaucelii cyanoticus).jpg northeast India ‍and Bangladesh to peninsular Thailand
Malabar barbet (P. malabaricus) (Blyth, 1847) Malabar Barbet (Psilopogon malabaricus) - Male - Sakleshpur - India -2009.jpg Western Ghats from around Goa south to southern Kerala
Taiwan barbet (P. nuchalis) (Gould, 1863) Taiwan Barbet 9206.jpg Taiwan
Red-vented barbet (P. lagrandieri) (Verreaux, 1868) Barbu à ventre rouge.jpg Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam
Chinese barbet (P. faber) (R. Swinhoe, 1870) Megalaima faber 1870.jpg southern China
Moustached barbet (P. incognitus) (Hume, 1874) Moustached Barbet - Thailand S4E5744 (16222727037).jpg Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam
Golden-naped barbet (P. pulcherrimus) (Sharpe, 1888) Golden-naped Barbet.jpg Indonesia and Malaysia
Mountain barbet (P. monticola) (Sharpe, 1889) Borneo
Bornean barbet (P. eximius) (Sharpe, 1892) MesobuccoEximiusKeulemans.jpg Indonesia and Malaysia, Borneo
Necklaced barbet (P. auricularis) (Robinson & Kloss, 1919) southern Laos and Vietnam
Indochinese barbet (P. annamensis) (Robinson & Kloss, 1919) Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia
Turquoise-throated barbet (P. chersonesus) (Chasen & Kloss, 1927) Turquoise-throated Barbet (33139941221).jpg Thailand

Phylogeny

 
 
 
 

Coppersmith barbet

 
 
 
 

Crimson-fronted barbet

 
 

Malabar barbet

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Yellow-eared barbet

 
 

Black-eared barbet

 
 
 

Bornean barbet

 
 
 
 
 
 

Great barbet

 
 

Red-vented barbet

 
 
 

Fire-tufted barbet

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Red-throated barbet

 
 

Black-banded barbet

 
 
 

Red-crowned barbet

 
 
 
 
 
 

Flame-fronted barbet

 
 

Yellow-crowned barbet

 
 
 

Golden-naped barbet

 
 
 
 

Green-eared barbet

 
 
 
 

Lineated barbet

 
 
 

Brown-headed barbet

 
 
 

White-cheeked barbet

 
 

Yellow-fronted barbet

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Golden-throated barbet

 
 

Necklaced barbet

 
 
 
 
 
 

Brown-throated barbet

 
 
 

Golden-whiskered barbet

 
 

Golden-whiskered barbet

 
 
 
 

Mountain barbet

 
 
 
 
 

Taiwan barbet

 
 

Chinese barbet

 
 
 

Moustached barbet

 
 
 
 
 

Blue-throated barbet

 
 

Indochinese barbet

 
 
 
 

Turquoise-throated barbet

 
 

Black-browed barbet

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Relationship within the genus[1]

References

  1. ^ a b Den Tex, R.-J.; Leonard, J. A. (2013). "A molecular phylogeny of Asian barbets: Speciation and extinction in the tropics". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 68 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.004. PMID 23511217.
  2. ^ Ericson, P. G. P. (2012). "Evolution of terrestrial birds in three continents: biogeography and parallel radiations". Journal of Biogeography. 39 (5): 813–824. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02650.x.
  3. ^ Jobling, J. A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 321. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.695.7104. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  4. ^ Müller, S. (1835). "Aanteekeningen over de natuurlijke gesteldheid van een gedeelte der westkust en binnenlanden van Sumatra, met bijvoeging van eenige waarnemingen en beschrijvingen van verscheid dieren". Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie. 2: 315–355.
  5. ^ Müller, S. (1837). Berigten over Sumatra, met eene kaart van een gedeelte van hetzelve, voornamelijk aantoonende de wegen en rivieren, welke uit de Padangsche binnenlanden naar de oostkust afloopen. Vol. 18. Amsterdam: Beijerinck.
  6. ^ Ripley, S. D. (1945). "The barbets" (PDF). The Auk. 62 (4): 542–563. doi:10.2307/4079804. JSTOR 4079804.
  7. ^ Moyle, R. G. (2004). "Phylogenetics of barbets (Aves: Piciformes) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 30 (1): 187–200. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00179-9. PMID 15022769.
  8. ^ Statius Müller, P. L. (1776). "Der Blutskopf. Bucco haemacephalus". Des Ritters Carl von Linné Königlich Schwedischen Leibarztes &c. &c. vollständigen Natursystems. Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs. Nürnberg: Gabriel Nicolaus Raspe. p. 88.
  9. ^ Boddaert, P. (1783). "870. Barbu verd, Buff. XIII". Table des Planches Enluminées d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton : avec les denominations de M.M. de Buffon, Brisson, Edwards, Linnaeus et Latham, precedé d'une notice des principaux ouvrages zoologiques enluminés. Utrecht. p. 53.
  10. ^ Boddaert, P. (1783). "871. Le grand Barbu, Buff. XIII". Table des Planches Enluminées d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton : avec les denominations de M.M. de Buffon, Brisson, Edwards, Linnaeus et Latham, precedé d'une notice des principaux ouvrages zoologiques enluminés. Utrecht. p. 53.
  11. ^ Blyth, E. (1842). "Notes on various Indian and Malayan birds". The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 11 (1): 160–195.

External links

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