Prunus salicina

"Sumomo" redirects here. For the anime and manga series, see Sumomomo Momomo. For the anime and manga character in Sgt. Frog, see Sumomo (Sgt. Frog).

Prunus salicina
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Rosales
Family:	Rosaceae
Genus:	Prunus
Subgenus:	Prunus subg. Prunus
Section:	Prunus sect. Prunus
Species:	P. salicina
Binomial name
Prunus salicina Lindl.
Synonyms
Cerasus salicina (Lindl.) Loudon Cerasus triflora Wall. Prunus triflora Roxb. Prunus trifolia Roxb. Prunus thibetica Franch. Prunus armeniaca Blanco Prunus botan André Prunus ichangana C.K.Schneid. Prunus masu Koehne Prunus staminata Hand.-Mazz. Prunus gymnodonta Koehne

Prunus salicina (syn. Prunus triflora or Prunus thibetica), commonly called the Japanese plum or Chinese plum, is a small deciduous tree native to China. It is now also grown in fruit orchards in Vietnam, Korea, Japan, Israel, the United States, and Australia.

Prunus salicina should not be confused with Prunus mume, a related species also grown in China, Japan, Korea and Vietnam. Another tree, Prunus japonica, is also a separate species despite having a Latin name similar to Prunus salicina's common name. Plant breeder Luther Burbank devoted a lot of work to hybridizing this species with the Japanese plum (Prunus salicina) and developed a number of cultivars from the hybrid.

Description

Prunus salicina grows up to 10 metres (33 ft) tall, and it has reddish-brown shoots. The leaves are 6–12 cm long and 2.5–5 cm broad, with serrate margins. The flowers are produced in early spring, each about 2 cm in diameter with five white petals.

The fruit is a drupe, 4–7 cm in diameter with yellow-pink flesh. It can be harvested in the summer. When fully ripe it can be eaten raw.

Cultivation

Many different varieties of Prunus salicina, some being hybrid species, are cultivated in China. Prunus salicina is also widely cultivated in Japan and Korea. The most famous variety of this fruit in Vietnam is the Tam Hoa plum grown in Bắc Hà town, in Lào Cai Province.

Japanese cultivars were introduced into the United States in the latter half of the 19th century, where subsequent breeding produced many more cultivars, generally with larger fruit. Many of these American cultivars involve hybridization with P. simonii and P. cerasifera. One of the famous cultivars is “Santa Rosa”, named after the city in California.

Most of the fresh plums sold in North American supermarkets are Prunus salicina cultivars or hybrids. They are grown on a large scale in a number of other countries, for example, they dominate the stone fruit industry in Western Australia.

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  Black Amber plum

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  Africa Rose plum

Uses

Culinary

In China, candied fruits are also sold preserved, flavoured with sugar, salt, and liquorice.

In Japan, while it is less commonly eaten than closely related Prunus mume, it is pickled and colored in a similar manner. Especially in Eastern Japan, many summer festivals sell pickled fruits covered in mizuame candy called anzuame (apricot candy, as apricots were traditionally used for the recipe).

In both countries, it is also used half ripe as a flavouring in a liqueur called sumomo shu (すもも酒) in Japanese^photo .

For other uses of this and similar species see plum.

Medicinal

The fruits are also used in Traditional Chinese medicine. Japanese plums cv. Crimson Globe may be taken as a source of antioxidants with a potential to counteract oxidation.

Etymology

The specific epithet, salicina, is derived from the Latin word for willow.

See also

• Prunus mume

External links

• "Prunus salicina". Plants for a Future.
• "Prunus gymnodonta". Plants for a Future.
• ibiblio.org - Prunus salicina
• U.Melb-AU: Sorting Prunus names