Peerage of Scotland
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The Peerage of Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Moraireachd na h-Alba, Scots: Peerage o Scotland) is one of the five divisions of peerages in the United Kingdom and for those peers created by the King of Scots before 1707. Following that year's Treaty of Union, the Kingdom of Scots and the Kingdom of England were combined under the name of Great Britain, and a new Peerage of Great Britain was introduced in which subsequent titles were created.
Scottish Peers were entitled to sit in the ancient Parliament of Scotland. After the Union, the Peers of the old Parliament of Scotland elected 16 representative peers to sit in the House of Lords at Westminster. The Peerage Act 1963 granted all Scottish Peers the right to sit in the House of Lords, but this automatic right was revoked, as for all hereditary peerages (except those of the incumbent Earl Marshal and Lord Great Chamberlain), when the House of Lords Act 1999 received the Royal Assent.
Unlike most peerages, many Scottish titles have been granted with remainder to pass via female offspring (thus an Italian family has succeeded to and presently holds the earldom of Newburgh[1]), and in the case of daughters only, these titles devolve to the eldest daughter rather than falling into abeyance (as is the case with ancient English baronies by writ of summons). Unlike other British peerage titles, Scots law permits peerages to be inherited by or through a person who was not legitimate at birth, but was subsequently legitimised by their parents marrying later.[2][3]
The ranks of the Scottish Peerage are, in ascending order: Lord of Parliament, Viscount, Earl, Marquis and Duke. Scottish Viscounts differ from those of the other Peerages (of England, Great Britain, Ireland and the United Kingdom) by using the style of in their title, as in Viscount of Oxfuird. Though this is the theoretical form, most Viscounts drop the "of". The Viscount of Arbuthnott and to a lesser extent the Viscount of Oxfuird still use "of".
Scottish Barons rank below Lords of Parliament, and although considered noble, their titles are incorporeal hereditaments. At one time feudal barons did sit in parliament. However, they are considered minor barons and not peers because their titles can be hereditary, or bought and sold.
In the following table of the Peerage of Scotland as it currently stands, each peer's highest ranking title in the other peerages (if any) are also listed. Those peers who are known by a higher title in one of the other peerages are listed in italics.
Dukes
- Subsidiary title.
- Holds a second dukedom in the Peerage of Scotland.
Title | Creation | Other Dukedom or higher titles | Title used in the House of Lords |
---|---|---|---|
The Duke of Rothesay | 1398 | Since 1603, usually Prince of Wales as the heir to the throne Duke of Cornwall in the Peerage of England. |
|
The Duke of Hamilton | 12 September 1643 | Duke of Brandon in the Peerage of Great Britain | Duke of Brandon |
The Duke of Buccleuch | 20 April 1663 | Duke of Queensberry in the Peerage of Scotland | Earl of Doncaster |
The Duke of Lennox | 1675 | Duke of Richmond in the Peerage of England; Duke of Gordon in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. |
|
The Duke of Queensberry | 3 February 1684 | Duke of Buccleuch in the Peerage of Scotland | |
The Duke of Argyll | 23 June 1701 | Baron Sundridge Baron Hamilton Duke of Argyll (Peerage of the United Kingdom) | |
The Duke of Atholl | 1703 | ||
The Duke of Montrose | 1707 | Earl Graham | |
The Duke of Roxburghe | 1707 | Earl Innes |
Marquesses
Title | Creation | Other Marquessate or higher titles |
---|---|---|
The Marquess of Huntly | 1599 | |
The Marquess of Queensberry | 1682 | |
The Marquess of Tweeddale | 1694 | |
The Marquess of Lothian | 1701 |
Earls and countesses
- Subsidiary title.
- Holds a second earldom in the Peerage of Scotland.
Viscounts
- Subsidiary title.
Title | Creation | Other Viscountcy or higher titles |
---|---|---|
The Viscount Falkland | 1620 | |
The Viscount of Stormont | 1621 | Earl of Mansfield in the Peerage of Great Britain |
The Viscount of Arbuthnott | 1641 | |
The Viscount of Oxfuird | 1651 |
Lords of Parliament
- Subsidiary title.
Title | Creation | Other titles |
---|---|---|
The Lord Forbes | 1442 | |
The Lord Gray | 1445 | |
The Lady Saltoun | 1445 | |
The Lord Sinclair | 1449 | |
The Lord Borthwick | 1452 | |
The Lord Cathcart | 1452 | Earl Cathcart in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. |
The Lord Lovat | 1464 | Baron Lovat in the Peerage of the United Kingdom |
The Lord Sempill | 1488 | |
The Lady Herries | 1490 | |
The Lord Elphinstone | 1510 | Baron Elphinstone in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. |
The Lord Torphichen | 1564 | |
The Lady Kinloss | 1602 | |
The Lord Colville of Culross | 1604 | Viscount Colville of Culross in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. |
The Lord Balfour of Burleigh | 1607 | |
The Lord Dingwall | 1609 | Baron Lucas in the Peerage of England. |
The Lord Napier | 1627 | Baron Ettrick in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. |
The Lord Fairfax of Cameron | 1627 | |
The Lord Reay | 1628 | |
The Lord Forrester | 1633 | Baron Verulam in the Peerage of Great Britain; Viscount Grimston in the Peerage of Ireland; Earl of Verulam in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. |
The Lord Elibank | 1643 | |
The Lord Belhaven and Stenton | 1647 | |
The Lord Rollo | 1651 | Baron Dunning in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. |
The Lord Ruthven of Freeland | 1651 | Earl of Carlisle in the Peerage of England. |
The Lord Nairne | 1681 | Viscount Mersey in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. |
The Lord Polwarth | 1690 |
See also
- The Scots Peerage, nine-volume book series
- Barons in Scotland
- Noblesse
- Peerage of England
- Welsh peers and baronets
- Peerage of Ireland
- History of the Peerage
References
- ^ "Representative Peers of Scotland". The Scottish Review. 25: 357. 1895.
- ^ "LEGITIMATION (SCOTLAND) BILL [H.L.] (Hansard, 5 December 1967)". hansard.millbanksystems.com.
- ^ Lauderdale Peerage Claim, House of Lords, 1884–1885
External links
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