Parnassiinae
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Parnassiinae | |
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Small Apollo (Parnassius phoebus) | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Lepidoptera |
Family: | Papilionidae |
Subfamily: | Parnassiinae |
Tribes | |
See text |
The Parnassiinae or snow Apollos are a subfamily of the swallowtail butterfly family, Papilionidae. The subfamily includes about 50 medium-sized, white or yellow species.[1] The snow Apollos are high-altitude butterflies and are distributed across Asia, Europe and North America.[2]
Tribes
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A proposed phylogeny of the Parnassius and related groups.[3] |
This subfamily consists of the following tribes:
Gallery
- Hypermnestra helios
tribe Parnassiini
References
- ^ The Butterflies of North America, James A. Scott, ISBN 0-8047-1205-0, 1986
- ^ Ackery PR (1975) A guide to the genera and species of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera:Papilionidae). Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 31, 4 pdf
- ^ Nazari, V., Zakharov, E.V., and Sperling, F.A.H., 2007. Phylogeny, historical biogeography, and taxonomic ranking of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) based on morphology and seven genes. Molecular phylogenetics and Evolution, 42: 131-156. pdf Archived June 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
Further reading
- Glassberg, Jeffrey Butterflies through Binoculars, The West (2001)
- Guppy, Crispin S. and Shepard, Jon H. Butterflies of British Columbia (2001)
- James, David G. and Nunnallee, David Life Histories of Cascadia Butterflies (2011)
- Pelham, Jonathan Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada (2008)
- Pyle, Robert Michael The Butterflies of Cascadia (2002)
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Parnassiinae.
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Wikispecies has information related to Parnassiinae.
- Tree of Life Parnassiinae
- Fauna Europaea
- Parnassius gallery
- Butterflies and Moths of North America
- Butterflies of AmericaError: "Q773859" is not a valid Wikidata entity ID.
Categories:
- Webarchive template wayback links
- Articles with short description
- Short description with empty Wikidata description
- Articles with 'species' microformats
- Commons category link is the pagename
- Taxonbars desynced from Wikidata
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- Taxonbars with invalid from parameters
- Taxonbars without secondary Wikidata taxon IDs
- Papilionidae
- Butterfly subfamilies