Neognathostomata

Neognathostomata Temporal range:
Echinocyamus pusillus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Echinodermata
Class:	Echinoidea
Infraclass:	Irregularia
Superorder:	Neognathostomata Smith, 1981
Orders
Cassiduloida Clypeasteroida Echinolampadoida

The Neognathostomata are a superorder of sea urchins.

Description and characteristics

They are distinguished from other sea urchins by their irregular shape and a highly modified feeding lantern. The group includes the well known sand dollars, as well as some less familiar and extinct forms.

Taxonomy

Test of a Clypeaster reticulatus (Clypeasterina).

Mellita longifissa ("sand dollar").

Fossil of an Echinolampas hemisphaericus (Echinolampadoida).

• familia Apatopygidae Kier, 1962
• familia Archiaciidae Cotteau & Triger, 1869 †
• order Cassiduloida
  • Super-familia Cassidulina (Philip, 1963b)
    • familia Cassidulidae (L. Agassiz and Desor, 1847)
  • Super-familia Neolampadina (Philip, 1963b)
    • familia Neolampadidae (Lambert, 1918a)
    • familia Pliolampadidae (Kier, 1962) †
• order Clypeasteroida A.Agassiz, 1872 ("sand dollars")
  • sous-order Clypeasterina
    • familia Clypeasteridae L. Agassiz, 1835
    • familia Fossulasteridae Philip & Foster, 1971 †
    • familia Scutellinoididae Irwin, 1995 †
  • familia Conoclypidae von Zittel, 1879 †
  • familia Faujasiidae Lambert, 1905 †
  • familia Oligopygidae Duncan, 1889 †
  • familia Plesiolampadidae Lambert, 1905 †
  • sous-order Scutellina
    • infra-order Laganiformes
      • familia Echinocyamidae Lambert & Thiéry, 1914
      • familia Fibulariidae Gray, 1855
      • familia Laganidae Desor, 1858
    • infra-order Scutelliformes
      • familia Echinarachniidae Lambert in Lambert & Thiéry, 1914
      • familia Eoscutellidae Durham, 1955 †
      • familia Protoscutellidae Durham, 1955 †
      • familia Rotulidae Gray, 1855
      • super-familia Scutellidea Gray, 1825
        • familia Abertellidae Durham, 1955 †
        • familia Astriclypeidae Stefanini, 1912
        • familia Dendrasteridae Lambert, 1900
        • familia Mellitidae Stefanini, 1912
        • familia Monophorasteridae Lahille, 1896 †
        • familia Scutasteridae Durham, 1955 †
        • familia Scutellidae Gray, 1825
      • familia Taiwanasteridae Wang, 1984
    • familia Scutellinidae Pomel, 1888a †
• familia Clypeidae Lambert, 1898 †
• familia Clypeolampadidae Kier, 1962 †
• order Echinolampadoida
  • familia Echinolampadidae Gray, 1851a
• familia Nucleolitidae L. Agassiz & Desor, 1847 †
• familia Pygaulidae Lambert, 1905 †
• genus Pygolampas Saucède, Dudicourt & Courville, 2012 †

References

• Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 981. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
• Kroh A, Mooi R (eds.). "Neognathostomata". World Echinoidea Database. World Register of Marine Species.