Mongkawng

Mongkawng State
(Möngkawng)
Mongkawng State ; (Möngkawng)
State of the Shan States
1215–1796
	; Mogaung (Mongkawng) in a map of the Toungoo Kingdom
History
History
• Möngkawng state established	1215
• Annexed by the Kingdom of Burma	1796
	Succeeded by
Taungoo Dynasty
Today part of	Myitkyina District, Myanmar

Mogaung (Burmese: မိုးကောင်း) or Möngkawng (Tai Nuea: ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥐᥩᥒᥰ; Chinese: 孟拱) was a Shan state in what is present-day Myanmar. It was an outlying territory, located away from the main Shan State area in present-day Kachin State. The state existed until 1796. The main town was Mogaung (Mong Kawng).

History

According to legend a predecessor state named Udiri Pale had been established in 58 BC. The area was said to have been inhabited by the Tai Long. According to Tai chronicles the kingdom was founded in 1215 by a saopha named Sam Long Hpa who ruled over an area stretching from Hkamti Long to Shwebo, and extending into the country of the Nagas and Mishmis.^[1]

Möngkawng (Mong Yang) was occupied by China between 1479 and 1483, after regaining independence it was again briefly occupied by China in 1495. From 1651 to 1742 the state was occupied by the Ava-based Kingdom of Burma and following a period of less than thirty years it was again occupied by Burma from 1771 to 1775. Finally Möngkawng was annexed by the Ava Kingdom in 1796.^[2]

After becoming part of Burma Möngkawng was ruled by administrators named wuns. During British rule in Burma it became part of the Myitkyina District of the Mandalay Division.^[3]

In Chinese chronicle Ming Shilu, the state was known as Mengyang and was under Yunnan as a pacification superintendency.^[4] In the same chronicle, the kingdom is said to extend to the east to Jinsha River in China, south to Ava-Burma, west to the territory of Da-Gula and to the north till Ganyai, a polity near Daying river.^[5] It is asserted that it was originally under the territory of Lu-chuan and it is to Mongkawng and Da-Gula where Si Jifa, the ruler of Mong Mao fled after the destruction of Lu-chuan by the Chinese during the Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns.^[6]

Rulers

The rulers of the state bore the title Saopha.

Saophas

1663–1673: Sui Yaw
1673–1729: Sui Kyek
1729–1739: Hum
1739–1748: Haw Seing (1st time) (d. 1777)
1748–1765: Haw Kam
1765–1768: Haw Seing (2nd time) (s.a.)
1768–1771: Maung Kiaw
1771–1775: Maung Piu (d. 1775)
1775–1785: Vacant
1785–1796: Yaw Pan Kyung

References

^ Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 18, p. 137. - Myitkyina District, History
^ Shan (Tai) States
^ Nisbet, John (1901). Burma Under British Rule—and Before. Vol. 1. Archbald Constable & Company.
^ "79. Meng-yang polity which the MSL records as a 'prefecture" and later as a 'pacification superintendency' under Yun-nan. It is the polity known in Shan as Mong Yang or Mong Kawng and in Burmese as Mo-hnyin or Mogaung."(Wade 1994:274)
^ Wade 1994, p. 274.
^ Wade 1994, pp. 274, 309.

Bibliography

Wade, Geoffrey (1994), The Ming Shi-lu (Veritable Records of the Ming Dynasty) as a Source for Southeast Asian History -- 14th to 17th Centuries, Hong Kong

External links

"Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan states"

Coordinates: 25°18′N 96°56′E / 25.300°N 96.933°E / 25.300; 96.933

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ca:Mongkawng

[IGI-1] Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 18, p. 137. - Myitkyina District, History

[2] Shan (Tai) States

[3] Nisbet, John (1901). Burma Under British Rule—and Before. Vol. 1. Archbald Constable & Company.

[4] "79. Meng-yang polity which the MSL records as a 'prefecture" and later as a 'pacification superintendency' under Yun-nan. It is the polity known in Shan as Mong Yang or Mong Kawng and in Burmese as Mo-hnyin or Mogaung."(Wade 1994:274)

[FOOTNOTEWade1994274-5] Wade 1994, p. 274.

[FOOTNOTEWade1994274,_309-6] Wade 1994, pp. 274, 309.

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

v t e Shan States and related petty kingdoms
Northern Shan States	Hsenwi State Mongmit Hsipaw North Hsenwi South Hsenwi Hsumhsai Manglon Mongleng Monglong Mongtung Tawngpeng
Southern Shan States Eastern Division	Kehsi Mansam Kenglon Kengtawng Mawkmai Monghsu/Mongsang Mongkung Kenghkam Mongnawng Mongnai Mongpan Mongpawn Mongsit
Southern Shan States Central Division	Hopong Hsatung Laihka Lawksawk Mongping Mongpai Namhkok Nawngwawn Sakoi Samka Wanyin
Southern Shan States Myelat Division	Hsamonghkam Kyawkku Kyong Loi ai Loilong Loimaw Maw Mawnang Mawson Namhkai Namhkom Namtok Pangtara Pangmi Poila Yengan
Southern Shan States Kengtung & Yawnghwe	Kengtung Yawnghwe Hsihkip Kengcheng Mongyawng Hsenyawt Hsenmawng Monghsat Mongpu
Chinese Shan States	Chiang Hung Hsikwan Momien Mong Lem Mong-La Mong Mao (13c. - 15c.) Mengmao (17c. - 20c.) Mong-Santa Mangshih Mong-Yin
Related states and outliers	Hsawnghsup Singaling Hkamti Hkamti Long Siamese Shan States Wa States Kokang Mongkawng Mongyang Pong Wanmaw Wuntho Karenni States (Western Karenni/Kantarawadi)
Federated Shan states List of rulers of Shan states Princely state Saopha