Matplotlib

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Matplotlib
Original author(s)John D. Hunter
Developer(s)Michael Droettboom, et al.
Initial release2003; 20 years ago (2003)[1]
Written inPython
Operating systemCross-platform
TypePlotting
LicenseMatplotlib license
Websitematplotlib.org

Matplotlib is a plotting library for the Python programming language and its numerical mathematics extension NumPy. It provides an object-oriented API for embedding plots into applications using general-purpose GUI toolkits like Tkinter, wxPython, Qt, or GTK. There is also a procedural "pylab" interface based on a state machine (like OpenGL), designed to closely resemble that of MATLAB, though its use is discouraged.[2] SciPy makes use of Matplotlib.

Matplotlib was originally written by John D. Hunter. Since then it has had an active development community[3] and is distributed under a BSD-style license. Michael Droettboom was nominated as matplotlib's lead developer shortly before John Hunter's death in August 2012[4] and was further joined by Thomas Caswell.[5][6] Matplotlib is a NumFOCUS fiscally sponsored project.[7]

Matplotlib 2.0.x supports Python versions 2.7 through 3.10. Python 3 support started with Matplotlib 1.2. Matplotlib 1.4 is the last version to support Python 2.6.[8] Matplotlib has pledged not to support Python 2 past 2020 by signing the Python 3 Statement.[9]

Comparison with MATLAB

Pyplot is a Matplotlib module that provides a MATLAB-like interface.[10] Matplotlib is designed to be as usable as MATLAB, with the ability to use Python, and the advantage of being free and open-source.

Examples

  • Line plot

    Line plot

  • Histogram

    Histogram

  • Scatter plot

    Scatter plot

  • 3D plot

    3D plot

  • Image plot

    Image plot

  • Contour plot

    Contour plot

  • Scatter plot

    Scatter plot

  • Polar plot

    Polar plot

  • Line plot

    Line plot

  • 3-D plot

    3-D plot

  • Image plot

    Image plot

Toolkits

Several toolkits are available which extend Matplotlib functionality. Some are separate downloads, others ship with the Matplotlib source code but have external dependencies.[11]

  • Basemap: map plotting with various map projections, coastlines, and political boundaries[12]
  • Cartopy: a mapping library featuring object-oriented map projection definitions, and arbitrary point, line, polygon and image transformation capabilities.[13] (Matplotlib v1.2 and above)
  • Excel tools: utilities for exchanging data with Microsoft Excel
  • GTK tools: interface to the GTK library
  • Qt interface
  • Mplot3d: 3-D plots
  • Natgrid: interface to the natgrid library for gridding irregularly spaced data.
  • tikzplotlib: export to Pgfplots for smooth integration into LaTeX documents (formerly known as matplotlib2tikz)[14]
  • Seaborn: provides an API on top of Matplotlib that offers sane choices for plot style and color defaults, defines simple high-level functions for common statistical plot types, and integrates with the functionality provided by Pandas

Related projects

  • Biggles[15]
  • Chaco[16]
  • DISLIN
  • GNU Octave
  • Gnuplot-py[17]
  • PLplot – Python bindings available
  • PyCha[18] – libcairo implementation
  • PyPlotter[19] – compatible with Jython
  • SageMath – uses Matplotlib to draw plots
  • SciPy (modules plt and gplt)
  • wxPython (module wx.lib.plot.py)
  • Plotly – for interactive, online Matplotlib and Python graphs
  • Bokeh[20] – Python interactive visualization library that targets modern web browsers for presentation

References

  1. ^ "Copyright Policy".
  2. ^ "API Overview". matplotlib.org.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  3. ^ "Matplotlib github stats". matplotlib.org.
  4. ^ "Announcing Michael Droettboom as the lead Matplotlib developer". matplotlib.org.
  5. ^ "Matplotlib Lead Developer Explains Why He Can't Fix the Docs—But You Can – NumFOCUS". NumFOCUS. 2017-10-05. Retrieved 2018-04-11.
  6. ^ "Credits – Matplotlib 2.2.2 documentation". matplotlib.org. Retrieved 2018-04-11.
  7. ^ "NumFOCUS Sponsored Projects". NumFOCUS. Retrieved 2021-10-25.
  8. ^ "Installing – Matplotlib 2.0.2 documentation". Retrieved 2017-06-23.
  9. ^ "Add Matplotlib to list by takluyver · Pull Request #20 · python3statement/python3statement.github.io". GitHub. Retrieved 2018-04-11.
  10. ^ "Matplotlib: Python plotting — Matplotlib 3.2.0 documentation". matplotlib.org. Retrieved 2020-03-14.
  11. ^ "Toolkits". matplotlib.org.
  12. ^ Whitaker, Jeffrey. "The Matplotlib Basemap Toolkit User's Guide (v. 1.0.5)". Matplotlib Basemap Toolkit documentation. Retrieved 24 April 2013.
  13. ^ Elson, Philip. "Cartopy". Retrieved 24 April 2013.
  14. ^ Schlömer, Nico. "tikzplotlib". GitHub. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
  15. ^ "Bigglessimple, elegant python plotting". biggles.sourceforge.net. Retrieved 24 November 2010.
  16. ^ "Chaco". code.enthought.com.
  17. ^ "Gnuplot.py on". gnuplot-py.sourceforge.net. Retrieved 24 November 2010.
  18. ^ "PyCha". bitbucket.org.
  19. ^ "PyPlotter - graph plotting". www.eckhartarnold.de. Retrieved 2020-03-14.
  20. ^ "Bokeh 2.0.0 Documentation". docs.bokeh.org. Retrieved 2020-03-14.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Matplotlib.
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