List of sound chips
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Sound chips come in different forms and use a variety of techniques to generate audio signals.
Programmable sound generators (PSG)
Manufacturer | Chip | Year | Channels | Applications | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atari | Television Interface Adaptor (TIA) | 1977 | 2 | Atari 2600 and Atari 7800 video game consoles, Video Music (music visualizer for TV) | Combined sound and graphics chip, metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit | [1] |
POKEY | 1979 | 4 | Atari 8-bit home computers, Atari 5200 console, some Atari arcade machines, certain Atari 7800 cartridges | [2] | ||
Atari AMY | 1983 | 8 | Intended for 65XEM (never released) | HMOS (depletion mode NMOS) chip | [3] | |
General Instrument | AY-3-8910 | 1978 | 3 | Arcade boards (DECO,[4] Taito Z80,[5] Konami Scramble,[6] Irem M27,[7] Konami 6809,[8] Capcom Z80[9]), computers (Colour Genie, Oric 1, MSX, Amstrad CPC, ZX Spectrum 128, Elektor TVGC, Mockingboard), Intellivision | N-type MOS (NMOS) large-scale integration (LSI) chip | [10] |
SP0250 | 1981 | 1 | Sega G80 arcade system board | Linear predictive coding (LPC) speech synthesis NMOS chip | [11] | |
SP0256 | 1984 | 1 | Intellivoice (Intellivision), MicroSpeech (ZX Spectrum), Tandy Speech/Sound Program Pak (TRS-80), Commodore VIC-20 and Atari 8-bit homebrew kits, Fuzzbuster radar detector | LPC speech synthesis NMOS LSI chip | [12] | |
Konami | RC | 1981 | 1 | Konami Scramble and Gyruss arcade system boards | [13][14] | |
VRC6 | 1987 | 3 | Certain Konami-produced Famicom cartridges | [15] | ||
MOS Technology | VIC (6560 / 6561) | 1977 | 4 | Commodore VIC-1001 and VIC-20 | Combined sound and graphics NMOS chip | [16] |
SID (6581 / 8580) | 1981 | 3 | Commodore 64 and Commodore 128 computers, Elektron SidStation synthesizer sound module | NMOS chip (6581) / HMOS-II chip (8580) | [17][18] | |
TED (7360 / 8360) | 1983 | 2 | Commodore 16, Commodore Plus/4 | HMOS chip | [19] | |
Microchip Technology | AY8930 | 1989 | 3 | Covox Sound Master Card | ||
Oki Electric Industry | Oki MSM5232 | 1983 | 8 | Arcade games (particularly Taito games), Korg Poly-800 polyphonic synthesiser | Complementary MOS (CMOS) chip | [20][18][21] |
Philips | Philips SAA1099 | 1984 | 6 | SAM Coupé, Creative Music System (also known as Game Blaster) | [22] | |
Ricoh | Ricoh 2A03 / 2A07 | 1982 | 5 | Nintendo Entertainment System (Famicom) home console (hardware expandable), arcade game Punch-Out!! | NMOS chip, delta modulation channel (DMC) is for pulse-code modulation (PCM) sampling, 7-bit DAC. | [23] |
Sega | Sega Melody Generator | 1981 | 1 | Sega G80 arcade system board | [24] | |
Sega PSG (SN76496) | 1982 | 4 | Sega arcade boards (Sega Z80,[25] Sega Zaxxon, System E), Sega Master System and Mega Drive/Genesis consoles | Based on Texas Instruments SN76496. In Mega Drive/Genesis, it is both secondary to a Yamaha YM2612 FM chip and for Master System mode. | [26] | |
Sharp Corporation | Sharp LR35902 | 1989 | 4 | Game Boy, Game Boy Color, Game Boy Advance | In Game Boy Advance, it is both secondary to software-mixed PCM and for Game Boy/Game Boy Color mode. | [27] |
Sharp SM8521 | 1997 | 1 | Game.com | |||
Sunsoft | Sunsoft 5B | 1992 | 3 | Famicom cartridge Gimmick! | Derivative of Yamaha YM2149F | [28] |
Texas Instruments | SN76477 | 1978 | 1 | Space Invaders arcade system board, ABC 80 | [29] | |
LPC Speech Chips | 1978 | 1 | Speak & Spell, Speak & Math, Speak & Read, arcade games | Pitch-excited LPC (PE-LPC) speech synthesizer, digital signal processor (DSP), P-type MOS (PMOS) chip | ||
SN76489 (DCSG) | 1980 | 4 | Various arcade system boards, Sega SG-1000 console, BBC Micro home computer, Sharp MZ-800, IBM PCjr and Texas Instruments TI-99/4A computers | [30] | ||
SN76489A (DCSG) | 1982 | 4 | ColecoVision, Sega Master System and Mega Drive/Genesis consoles, Sega Game Gear and Pico handheld game consoles | |||
SN76496 | 1982 | 4 | Tandy 1000 computer | [31] | ||
TMS3615 | 1981 | 2 | Arcade games | [32] | ||
TMS3617 | ||||||
TMS3630 | ||||||
TMS3631-RI104 / RI105 | ||||||
Toshiba | Toshiba T7766A | 1988 | 3 | Some MSX models (MSX-Engine) | AY-3-8910 compatible chip (has the same pinout) | |
Unisonic Technologies Company | UM66, TXXL series | 1 or 2 | 3-pin CMOS LSI based chip that contains pre-programmed read-only memory (ROM) | [33] | ||
Yamaha | Yamaha YM2149 (SSG) | 1983 | 3 | Various arcade boards, MSX computers (including Yamaha CX5M), Atari ST computer | NMOS LSI chip based on AY-3-8910 | [34][35][36] |
Yamaha YM3439 (SSGC) | 1991 | 3 | Atari Falcon and MSX computers | CMOS LSI variant of YM2149 | [37] |
Wavetable synthesis
Manufacturer(s) | Chip | Year | Channels | Applications | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atari | Jerry | 1993 | 16 | Atari Jaguar | CMOS chip, also supports PCM (sample-based synthesis) and pulse-width modulation (PWM) | [38][39] |
Sharp Corporation | Sharp LR35902 | 1989 | 1 | Game Boy, Game Boy Color, Game Boy Advance | In Game Boy Advance, it is both secondary to software-mixed PCM and for Game Boy/Game Boy Color mode. | [27] |
Sharp SM8521 | 1997 | 2 | Game.com | |||
Ricoh | Ricoh 2C33 | 1986 | 1 | Famicom Disk System | ||
Atmel / Dream | SAM9407 | 1993 | 4 | Quasimidi digital synthesizers (Caruso, Quasar,[40][41] Technox, Raven, Raven MAX), computer sound cards (Guillemot Maxi Sound 64 Dynamic 3D, Maxi Sound Home Studio 64 Pro, Hoontech ST128 Gold & Ruby and Soundtrack Digital Audio, TerraTec AudioSystem EWS64L/XL/XXL/SHome Studio Pro 64, Home Studio) | High-speed CMOS (HCMOS) chip | [42][43] |
SAM9707 | 1998 | 4 | Quasimidi digital synthesizers (Rave-O-Lution 309, Sirius, Polymorph) | Digital signal processor (DSP) core | [44][45] | |
Ensoniq | Ensoniq 5503 | 1986 | 8 | Apple IIGS computer | [46] | |
Nintendo | VSU-VUE | 1995 | 6 | Nintendo's Virtual Boy Portable console | Silicon-gate CMOS chip | |
Hudson Soft / NEC / Epson | Hudson Soft HuC6280 | 1987 | 6 | NEC's PC Engine (TurboGrafx-16) console | CMOS chip | [47] |
Konami | Konami SCC | 1987 | 5 | Certain arcade system boards, game cartridges for MSX | [48] | |
Namco | Namco WSG (Waveform Sound Generator) | 1980 | 3 | Several Namco arcade system boards (including Namco Pac-Man and Namco Galaga) | [49][50] | |
Namco 52xx (Audio Processor) | 1981 | 1 | Namco Galaga and Namco Pole Position arcade system boards | [51][50] | ||
Namco 54xx (Audio Generator) | 1982 | 4 | Namco Pole Position arcade system board | [51] | ||
Namco 15xx (WSG) | 1982 | 8 | Namco Super Pac-Man arcade system board | [50][52] | ||
Namco CUS30 | 1986 | 8 | Namco System 1, Namco Thunder Ceptor and System 86 arcade boards | [50] | ||
Namco 163 (N163) | 1987 | 8 | Namco-produced Famicom games | [53] |
Frequency modulation (FM) synthesis
Manufacturer | Chip | Year | Total FM operators | Max FM channels | Max ops / channel | Applications | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ESS Technology | ESFM synthesizer | 1997 | 72 | 20 | 4 | Most ESS Tech sound chips (ES1868/69 being most common) | Based on Yamaha YMF262 (OPL3) silicon-gate CMOS chip. Includes wavetable interface. Two modes, one "OPL2/3 compatible" and the other the native superset. | [54][55] |
Konami | Konami VRC7 | 1991 | 12 | 6 | 2 | Famicom cartridge Lagrange Point | Modified derivative of Yamaha YM2413 (OPLL) | [56] |
Yamaha | YM21280 (OPS) / YM21290 (EGS) | 1983 | 96 | 16 | 6 | Yamaha digital synthesizers (DX7, DX1, DX5, DX9,[57][58] TX7, TX216, TX416, TX816)[59] | Chipset (OPS operator chip, EGS envelope generator chip) | [36][60][61] |
Yamaha YM2151 (a.k.a. OPM) | 1983 | 32 | 8 | 4 | Mid-1980s to mid-1990s arcade systems (the most prolific FM chip used in arcades), Sharp X1 and X68000 computers, MSX (CX5M, Yamaha SFG-01 and SFG-05 FM Sound Synthesizer Unit), Yamaha digital synthesizers (DX21, DX27, DX100) | NMOS chip (depletion-load)[62] | [63][35][64] | |
Yamaha YM2203 (a.k.a. OPN) | 1984 | 12 | 3 | 4 | Some 1980s arcade games, NEC computers (PC-88, PC-98, NEC PC-6001mkII SR, PC-6601 SR) | 3 additional Yamaha YM2149 SSG square wave channels, silicon-gate NMOS LSI chip | [65][35][64] | |
Yamaha YM3526 (a.k.a. OPL) | 1984 | 18 | 9 | 2 | Bubble Bobble arcade game, Commodore 64 SFX Sound Expander | Silicon-gate CMOS LSI chip | [66][35][64] | |
Yamaha Y8950 (a.k.a. MSX-AUDIO) | 1984 | 18 | 9 | 2 | MSX-Audio cartridges for MSX (Panasonic FS-CA1, Toshiba HX-MU900, and Philips NMS-1205) | Very similar to Yamaha YM3526, additional adaptive differential PCM (ADPCM) channel, silicon-gate CMOS LSI chip | [67] | |
Yamaha YM2164 (a.k.a. OPP) | 1985 | 32 | 8 | 4 | Yamaha FB-01 MIDI Expander, IBM Music Feature Card, MSX (Yamaha CX5M and SFG-05), Korg DS-8 and 707 digital synthesizers | Based on Yamaha YM2151 (OPM) | [68][35][64] | |
Yamaha YM2608 (a.k.a. OPNA) | 1985 | 24 | 6 | 4 | NEC PC-88 and PC-98 computers | 3 additional Yamaha YM2149 SSG square wave channels, 7 additional ADPCM channels, silicon-gate NMOS LSI chip | [69][64] | |
Yamaha YM3812 (a.k.a. OPL2) | 1985 | 18 | 9 | 2 | Sound cards for PC (including AdLib and early Sound Blaster cards), Yamaha Portasound keyboards (PSR and PSS series) | Silicon-gate CMOS LSI chip | [70][35][64] | |
Yamaha YM2413 (a.k.a. OPLL) | 1986 | 18 | 9 | 2 | Japanese Sega Master System, Sega Mark III, MSX (in MSX Music cartridges like the FM-PAC, and internally in several Japanese models by Panasonic, Sony and Sanyo), Yamaha Portasound digital keyboards (PSS-140, PSS-170, PSS-270) | Silicon-gate NMOS LSI chip | [71][35][64] | |
YM2604 (OPS2) / YM3609 (EGM) | 1986 | 96 | 16 | 6 | Yamaha DX7 II and TX802 digital synthesizers | Chipset (OPS2 operator chip, EGM envelope generator chip) | [61][72][73] | |
Yamaha YM2414 (a.k.a. OPZ) | 1987 | 32 | 8 | 4 | Yamaha digital synthesizers (TX81Z, DX11, YS200), Korg Z3 guitar synthesizer | [35][74][64] | ||
Yamaha YM2610 (a.k.a. OPNB) | 1987 | 16 | 4 | 4 | SNK's Neo Geo console, arcade systems (particularly Neo Geo and Taito games) | 7 additional ADPCM channels | [75][21] | |
Yamaha YM2612 (a.k.a. OPN2) | 1988 | 24 | 6 | 4 | Sega Mega Drive/Genesis console, FM Towns computer, Sega arcade systems | PCM supported on one of the channels | [76] | |
Yamaha YMF262 (a.k.a. OPL3) | 1988 | 36 | 18 | 4 | Sound Blaster Pro 2.0 and later cards for PC (including Sound Blaster 16, AdLib Gold 1000 and AWE32) | Silicon-gate CMOS chip | [55][35][64] | |
Yamaha YMW258-F (a.k.a. GEW8) (Sega MultiPCM) | 1992 | 28 | 28 | 4 | Sega arcade boards (System Multi 32, Model 1, Model 2), Yamaha instruments (MU-5 and TG-100 sound modules, Portasound keyboards, QR-10, QY-20 workstation) | Advanced Wave Memory (AWM) sampling supported | [77][36] | |
Yamaha YMF271 (a.k.a. OPX) | 1993 | 36 | 18 | 4 | 12 additional PCM channels | |||
Yamaha YMF278 (a.k.a. OPL4) | 1993 | 36 | 18 | 4 | Moonsound cartridge for MSX computer | [78] | ||
Yamaha YMF292 (a.k.a. SCSP) | 1994 | 32 | 32 | 6 | Sega Saturn console, Sega ST-V,[79] Model 2A/2B/2C CRX[80][81][82] and Model 3 arcade systems | PCM supported | [83][84] | |
Yamaha YMF288 (a.k.a. OPN3) | 1995 | 24 | 6 | 4 | NEC PC-98 computer | Based on Yamaha YM2608 (OPNA) | [85][86] | |
Yamaha YMF7xx (a.k.a. OPL3-SA) | 1997 | 36 | 18 | 4 | Embedded audio chipset in some laptops and sound cards (including PCI, ISA and Yamaha Audician 32) | Integrates Yamaha YMF262 (OPL3) | [87][35][88] | |
Yamaha YMU757 (a.k.a. MA-1) | 1999 | 8 | 4 | 2 | Some 2000s and 1990s cellphones, PDAs | [89] | ||
Yamaha YMU759 (a.k.a. MA-2) | 2000 | 32 | 16 | 2 | Some 2000s cellphones, PDAs | 8 channels for 4 operators, an additional ADPCM channel | [90] | |
Yamaha YMU762 (a.k.a. MA-3) | 2001 | 64 | 32 | 2 | Some 2000s cellphones, PDAs | 16 channels for 4 operators, 8 additional PCM/ADPCM channels | [91] | |
Yamaha YMU765 (a.k.a. MA-5) | 2003 | 64 | 32 | 2 | Some 2000s cellphones, PDAs | 32 PCM/ADPCM channels, 16 channels for 4 operators | [92] | |
Yamaha YMF825 (a.k.a. SD-1) | 2021 | 32 | 16 | 4 | [93] |
Pulse-code modulation (PCM) sampling
Manufacturer(s) | Chip | Year | Max PCM channels | Max sample depth (bits) | Max sample rate (Hz) | Applications | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Analog Devices | AD1848 | 1992 | Multiple stereo channels, unlimited | 16 | 48,000 | Original Windows Sound System card by Microsoft, Ensoniq Soundscape S-2000 and Elite | Digital-to-analog codec chip, 2-channel stereo input/output | [94] |
Gravis | GF1 | 1992 | 32 | 16 | 44,100 | Gravis Ultrasound card | ||
Macronix | Flipper | 2001 | 64 | 16 | 48,000 | Nintendo GameCube | ADPCM, Dolby Pro Logic II (AC-3) | [95][96] |
NVIDIA | MCPX | 2001 | 64 | 16 | 48,000 | Microsoft Xbox | 3D sound support, Dolby Pro Logic, DTS, DSP, MIDI DLS2 Support | |
ARM Ltd. | VIDC20 | 1994 | 8 | 16 | 44,100 | Risc PC | ||
QSound | QSound DSP16A | 1993 | 16 | 16 | 24,000 | CP System II | ADPCM | |
Atari | Jerry | 1993 | 16 | 16 | 44,100 | Atari Jaguar | CMOS chip, also supports pulse-width modulation (PWM) and single-cycle wavetable-lookup synthesis | [38][97][39] |
SDMA (Sound/DMA) | 1992 | 8 | 16 | 49,170 | Atari Falcon030 | Integrates Motorola 56001 DSP | [98][99] | |
Crystal Semiconductor | CS4231 | 1992 | 1 | 16 | 48,000 | Windows Sound System compatible, Gravis Ultrasound | [100] | |
Drucegrove | Digitalker MM54104 | 1980 | 1 | 1 | 13,000 | Namco Galaxian (King & Balloon) and Scorpion arcade system boards, National Semiconductor Digitalker DT1050 speech synthesizer | Delta modulation (DM) differential PCM (DPCM) speech synthesis chip | [101][102] |
Harris Corporation | HC-55516 | 1981 | 1 | 1 | 32,000 | Irem M27 (Red Alert),[103] Sinistar[104] and Midway Y Unit[105] arcade system boards | Continuously variable slope DM (CVSD) adaptive DM (ADM) speech decoder | [106] |
Intel | Intel High Definition Audio (IHDA) | 2004 | 8 | 32 | 192,000 | IBM Personal Computer, IBM PC compatible computers | [107] | |
MOS Technology | MOS Technology 8364 "Paula" | 1985 | 4 | 8 | 28,000 | Commodore's Amiga computer | [108][109] | |
Chuangxinda Electronic-Tech Corporation, Limited. | AMP IR3R60N | 2001 | 2 | 8 | 11,025 | Game Boy Advance | ||
Mitsumi | Mitsumi MM3205B | 2004 | 16 | 16 | 32,000 | Nintendo DS Handheld Console | ADPCM | |
Konami | Konami K007232 | 1986 | 2 | 12 | 32,000 | Konami Bubble System and Twin 16 arcade boards | PCM | |
Konami K053260 | 1990 | 4 | 12 | 32,000 | Konami TMNT based arcade board | KDSC | ||
Konami K054539 | 1991 | 8 | 16 | 32,000 | Konami Xexex based, Mystic Warriors based and GX arcade boards | ADPCM | ||
Sharp Corporation | Sharp SM8521 | 1997 | 1 | 8 | 32,768 | Game.com | ||
Namco | Namco C140 | 1987 | 24 | 12 | 42,780 | Namco System 2 and System 21 arcade boards | [110] | |
Namco C219 | 1992 | 16 | 12 | 42,780 | Namco NA-1 and NA-2 arcade system boards | |||
Namco C352 | 1992 | 32 | 16 | 42,670 | Namco System 22, System FL, NB-1, NB-2, ND-1, System 11, System 12 and System 23 arcade boards | Linear PCM (LPCM) and μ-law PCM samples supported | [111][112][113][114][115][116][117] | |
National Semiconductor | LMC1992 | 1989 | 4 | 8 | 50,000 | Atari STE and TT030 personal computers | [118][119] | |
NEC | μPD7759 | 1987 | 1 | 8 | 8,000 | Sega System 16 and System C arcade boards | Speech synthesis chip | |
Oki Electric Industry | Oki MSM5205 | 1982 | 1 | 12 | 32,000 | Various arcade system boards (Irem M-52,[120] Data East Z80,[121] Capcom 68000),[122] NEC's PC Engine CD-ROM² (TurboGrafx-CD) game console | Adaptive DPCM (ADPCM) chip | [123] |
Oki MSM6258 | 1987 | 1 | 12 | 15,600 | Sharp's X68000 computer | ADPCM | [124] | |
Oki MSM6295 | 1987 | 4 | 12 | 32,000 | Arcade system boards (including Capcom's CP System) | ADPCM | [125][126] | |
Oki MSM9810 | 1999 | 8 | 14 | 32,000 | Sammy Arcade system boards | ADPCM | ||
Ricoh | Ricoh 2A03 / 2A07 | 1982 | 1 | 7 | 15,745 | Nintendo Entertainment System (Famicom) home console (hardware expandable), arcade game Punch-Out!! | NMOS chip, DM channel (DMC) is for PCM sampling | [23] |
Ricoh RF5c68 | 1989 | 8 | 8 | 19,800 | Fujitsu's FM Towns computer, Sega System 18 and System 32 arcade boards | [127] | ||
Ricoh RF5C164 | 1991 | 8 | 8 | 31,300 | Sega CD | 1.5 µm silicon-gate CMOS chip | [128] | |
Roland Corporation | Roland LA32 | 1987 | 16 | 16 | 32,000 | Roland synthesizers (D-50, D550, D10, D20, D110), Roland MT-32 MIDI sound module (Sharp X68000, Amiga, Atari ST, IBM PC, NEC PC-88, PC-98) | Linear Arithmetic synthesis (LA synthesis) | [129][130][131] |
Sanyo | VLM5030 Speech Synthesizer | 1983 | 1 | 8 | 8,136 | Arcade game Punch-Out!! | Speech synthesis chip | [132] |
Sega | SegaPCM | 1985 | 16 | 8 | 31,250 | Sega arcade systems (Sega Space Harrier, Sega OutRun, X Board, Y Board) | [133][134] | |
SGI | Reality Signal Processor (RSP) | 1996 | 100 | 16 | 48,000 | Nintendo 64 | DSP,[135] combined sound and graphics processor, ADPCM, MP3 support | [136][137][138] |
Sony | Sony SPC700 (Nintendo S-SMP) | 1990 | 8 | 16 | 32,000 | Super Nintendo Entertainment System console | Bit Rate Reduction (BRR) ADPCM | [139][140] |
Sony SPU (Sound Processing Unit) | 1994 | 24 | 16 | 44,100 | Sony PlayStation console | ADPCM | [141] | |
Sony SPU2 | 1999 | 48 | 16 | 48,000 | PlayStation 2 | ADPCM, Dolby Digital (AC-3), DTS | [142][143] | |
Yamaha | Yamaha Y8950 (a.k.a. MSX-AUDIO) | 1984 | 1 | 8 | 50,000 | MSX-Audio cartridges for MSX | ADPCM | [67][64] |
Yamaha YM2608 (a.k.a. OPNA) | 1985 | 7 | 8 | 16,000 | NEC PC-88 and PC-98 computers | ADPCM | [69][64] | |
Yamaha YM2610 (a.k.a. OPNB) | 1987 | 7 | 12 | 55,500 | SNK's Neo Geo console, arcade systems (particularly Neo Geo and Taito games) | ADPCM | [75][144] | |
Yamaha YM2612 (a.k.a. OPN2) | 1988 | 1 | 8 | 44,100 | Sega Mega Drive/Genesis console, FM Towns computer, Sega arcade systems | [76][145] | ||
Yamaha YMW258-F (a.k.a. GEW8) (Sega MultiPCM) | 1992 | 28 | 16 | 44,100 | Sega arcade boards (System Multi 32, Model 1, Model 2), Yamaha instruments (MU-5 and TG-100 sound modules, Portasound keyboards, QR-10, QY-20 workstation) | Advanced Wave Memory (AWM) sampling, also supports FM synthesis | [146][36] | |
Yamaha YMF271 (a.k.a. OPX) | 1993 | 12 | 12 | 44,100 | ||||
Yamaha YMF278 (a.k.a. OPL4) | 1993 | 24 | 16 | 44,100 | Moonsound cartridge for MSX computer | [147] | ||
Yamaha YMF292 (a.k.a. SCSP) | 1994 | 32 | 16 | 44,100 | Sega Saturn console, Sega ST-V, Model 2A CRX/2B CRX/2C CRX and Model 3 arcade systems | [83][79][80][81][82][84] | ||
Yamaha YMZ280B (a.k.a. PCMD8) | 1995 | 8 | 16 | 44,100 | Cave, Data East, and Psikyo arcade systems | ADPCM supported | [148] | |
Yamaha AICA | 1998 | 64 | 16 | 48,000 | Sega Dreamcast console, Sega Naomi arcade systems | ADPCM | [149][150][151] | |
Yamaha YMU759 (a.k.a. MA-2) | 2000 | 1 | 8 | 8,000 | Some 2000s cellphones, PDAs | ADPCM | ||
Yamaha YMU762 (a.k.a. MA-3) | 2001 | 8 | 8 | 48,000 | Some 2000s cellphones, PDAs | ADPCM supported | ||
Yamaha YMU765 (a.k.a. MA-5) | 2003 | 32 | 8 | 48,000 | Some 2000s cellphones, PDAs | ADPCM, Analog Lite, and speech synthesis supported |
See also
References
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The IBM Music Feature card is one of the original sound cards. This fairly expensive card includes an eight-voice stereo synthesizer and a complete MIDI interface. The heart of this card is the Yamaha YM-2164 sound chip, which can also be found in the Yamaha FB-01 MIDI Expander. Sound generation occurs through an FM synthesizer with multiple control parameters. There are also 240 preprogrammed sounds, including reproductions of traditional musical instruments.
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- ^ Morgan, Nelson (1984). Talking Chips. McGraw-Hill. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-07-043107-2.
Unlike LPC synthesizers, the Digitalker® was able to dynamically change sample rates at phone boundaries. This allowed fricatives (both voiced and unvoiced) to be played at a 13-kHz sample rate and normal voiced sounds to be played at a 10-kHz rate.
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The N64's design is built around a Mips R4300i and a single coprocessor called RCP (Reality CoProcessor). This RCP contains not only a “Blitter” that handles the actual drawing, but also a general purpose DSP called RSP (Reality Signal Processor). The RSP is actually very well suited to process both 3D geometry and audio data.
- ^ "Nintendo 64: Tech Specs / Under The Hood". Next Generation. No. 24. December 1996. pp. 74–5.
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- ^ Mera, Miguel; Sadoff, Ronald; Winters, Ben (25 May 2017). The Routledge Companion to Screen Music and Sound. Taylor & Francis. p. 143. ISBN 978-1-317-39898-1.
- ^ Collins, Karen (2008). Game Sound: An Introduction to the History, Theory, and Practice of Video Game Music and Sound Design. MIT Press. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-262-03378-7.
- ^ "SNES Hardware Specifications". Nocash. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
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- ^ "Taito Museum". System 16: The Arcade Museum. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
- ^ YYxsCnnPP (15 September 2020). "VGM Player". GitHub. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
- ^ "Yamaha YMW-258-F 'GEW8' (aka Sega 315-5560) emulation". GitHub. MAME. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
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External links
- Sound generators of the 1980s home computers - Has a list of chips, pictures, datasheets, etc.