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The list of shipwrecks in September 1861 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during September 1861 .
1 September
List of shipwrecks: 1 September 1861
Ship
Country
Description
Barbadoes
United Kingdom
The barque was wrecked in Algoa Bay .[1]
Ellen
United Kingdom
The barque was wrecked in Struys Bay .[1] She was on a voyage from Colombo , Ceylon , to London .[2]
Gardner
United Kingdom
The ship ran aground east of Læsø , Denmark. Her crew survived. She was on a voyage from South Shields , County Durham , to Stettin .[3]
Heinrich
Hamburg
The brig was driven ashore at Sandy Hook , New Jersey , United States. She was on a voyage from Newcastle upon Tyne , Northumberland , United Kingdom to New York , United States. She was refloated the next day.[4]
Honour
United Kingdom
The smack departed from Liverpool , Lancashire for Rouen , Seine-Inférieure , France. No further trace, presumed foundered with the loss of all hands.[5]
J. G. Morrow
United States
The 163-ton sidewheel ferry struck a snag and sank in the Missouri River at St. Joseph , Missouri .[6]
Maria
Kingdom of Hanover
The ship was driven ashore at Thisted , Denmark. She was on a voyage from Leer to Königsberg , Prussia .[7]
Newa
Russia
The ship was driven ashore at Thisted. She was on a voyage from London to Königsberg.[7]
Villiers
United Kingdom
The brigantine was wrecked on the Mixen Sand, in the Bristol Channel with the loss of two of her crew. She was on a voyage from Cardiff , Glamorgan , to Alicante , Spain.[8]
2 September
3 September
4 September
List of shipwrecks: 4 September 1861
Ship
Country
Description
Colonel Long
Confederate States of America
American Civil War , Union blockade : Carrying a cargo of arrowroot , sponges , and whiskey and a crew of eight, the 14-ton fishing schooner was captured and scuttled in the North Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Georgia by the sloop-of-war USS Jamestown ( United States Navy ).[18]
Dayspring
United Kingdom
The ship ran aground at Kurrachee , India . She was on a voyage from Liverpool , Lancashire , to Kurrachee. She was refloated.[19]
Gulterus
United Kingdom
The ship was driven ashore and damaged at Wick, Caithness . She was later refloated and taken in to North Shields , Northumberland for repairs.[20]
Ida Aloenius
Flag unknown
The ship was taken in to Fredrikshavn , Denmark, in a derelict condition.[21]
Swea
Sweden
The steamship caught fire at Gothenburg .[21]
Terrible
Regia Marina
The ironclad frigate collided with the transport ship Voltarna ( Italy ) off Toulon , Var , France during sea trials and was severely damaged. She put back to Toulon.[22]
Vienna
United Kingdom
The ship ran aground at Portsmouth , Hampshire . She was on a voyage from Seaham , County Durham , to Portsmouth. She was refloated the next day and taken in to Portsmouth.[3]
5 September
6 September
7 September
8 September
List of shipwrecks: 8 September 1861
Ship
Country
Description
Drobak
Norway
The barque was abandoned in the Atlantic Ocean . Her fifteen crew were rescued by Baron Clyde ( United Kingdom ). Drobak was on a voyage from Quebec City , Province of Canada , British North America to Hull , Yorkshire , United Kingdom .[27]
Malakoff
United Kingdom
The barque foundered in the South China Sea . Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Hong Kong to Shanghai , China .[28] [29]
Retreat
United Kingdom
The ship collided with John Wells ( United Kingdom and was abandoned in the Atlantic Ocean . She was on a voyage from Waterford to Quebec City.[30]
Robert
Netherlands
The schooner was run down 7 nautical miles (13 km) west of Cape de Gatt , Spain, by the steamship Vencedor do Africa ( Spain ) and sank. All nine people on board were rescued by Vencedor do Africa . Robert was on a voyage from London , United Kingdom, to Syria , Greece .[31]
10 September
11 September
12 September
List of shipwrecks: 12 September 1861
Ship
Country
Description
Barbadoes
United Kingdom
The brig was wrecked at Port Elizabeth , Cape Colony . Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Natal to London .[37] [38] [2]
Benjamin
France
The ship was wrecked in Wangchew Bay, China . She was on a voyage from Foo Chow Foo to Shanghai .[39]
City of Manchester
United Kingdom
The ship was wrecked off Cape Race , Newfoundland , British North America .[40]
Jarrow
United Kingdom
The ship was driven ashore at Cronstadt , Russia . She was on a voyage from Newcastle upon Tyne , Northumberland , to Cronstadt.[4]
Margaret
United Kingdom
The ship sprang a leak off Cape Wrath , Caithness . She put in to Loch Eriboll and was beached. She was on a voyage from Wick, Caithness , to Cork . Subsequently repaired and resumed her voyage.[41]
Tamerlane
United Kingdom
The barque foundered in the Atlantic Ocean . Her fifteen crew took to the longboat ; they were rescued on 18 September by Tara ( United Kingdom ). Tamerlane was on a voyage from Sunderland, County Durham to Quebec City , Province of Canada , British North America .[42] [20]
William Boothby
United Kingdom
The ship was wrecked off Cape Race.[40]
13 September
14 September
List of shipwrecks: 14 September 1861
Ship
Country
Description
Active
United Kingdom
The schooner was wrecked on the Harry Furlong Rocks.[43] [44]
Atlas
United Kingdom
The ship was abandoned in the Atlantic Ocean . She was on a voyage from Glasgow , Renfrewshire to St. Stephen, New Brunswick , British North America .[41]
City of Mobile
United States
The ship was driven ashore in the River Mersey . She was refloated and anchored in the Sloyne .[43]
Judah
Confederate States of America
American Civil War , Union blockade : The schooner , a Confederate privateer and blockade runner , was boarded and set afire while moored at the Pensacola Navy Yard in Pensacola , Florida , by 100 United States Navy and United States Marine Corps personnel who rowed into the harbor in four launches from the screw frigate USS Colorado ( United States Navy ). Judah broke her moorings, drifted into the middle of Pensacola Bay , burned to the waterline , and sank opposite Fort Barrancas .[45] [46]
Providence
United Kingdom
The brigantine was abandoned in the Irish Sea . Her four crew were rescued by the paddle steamer Scotia ( United Kingdom ). Providence was towed in to Holyhead.[47] [48]
Unnamed
United Kingdom
The ship foundered 6 nautical miles (11 km) south west of Great Orme Head , Caernarfonshire . All hands presumed lost.[43]
15 September
List of shipwrecks: 15 September 1861
Ship
Country
Description
Alma
United Kingdom
The sloop was run down and sunk at Holyhead , Anglesey by Admiral Moorsom ( United Kingdom ) with the loss of two of her three crew.[47] [48]
Deptford
United Kingdom
The ship ran argound at Whitby , Yorkshire . She was on a voyage from Vyborg , Grand Duchy of Finland , to Hull , Yorkshire .[4]
Margaret
New Zealand
The schooner hit the Molyneux bar at the mouth of the Clutha River in New Zealand .[49]
Pioneer
New Zealand
The schooner hit the Molyneux bar at the mouth of the Clutha River in New Zealand .[49]
Providence
United Kingdom
The brig foundered in the Pacific Ocean . She was on a voyage from San Francisco, California , United States to a port in Victoria .[50]
Superior
United Kingdom
The schooner was wrecked 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) north of Arzila , Morocco. Her crew were rescued.[31]
Waterlily
United Kingdom
The ship ran aground on the Goodwin Sands , Kent and was damaged. She was on a voyage from Mogador , Morocco, to Hull. She was refloated and towed in to Ramsgate , Kent.[27]
Unnamed
United Kingdom
The brig was wrecked on the Kipern Rocks, Anglesey .[47]
Unnamed
United Kingdom
The schooner was wrecked on the Kipern Rocks.[47]
16 September
List of shipwrecks: 16 September 1861
Ship
Country
Description
Armida
Italy
The brig ran ashore at Apes Hill, on the Barbary Coast and was damaged. She was on a voyage from Hartlepool , County Durham , to Genoa , Italy . She was later refloated and taken in to Gibraltar , where she was placed under repair.[31] [51] [20]
Colonist
United Kingdom
The steamship foundered in the North Sea with the loss of thirteen of the 25 people on board. Survivors were rescued by the brig Harmony ( Wismar ). Colonist was on a voyage from Copenhagen , Denmark, to Hull , Yorkshire .[52] [44] [53]
Comet
United Kingdom
The barque was driven ashore and wrecked at Garrucha , Spain.[53] [51]
Cora
United Kingdom
The ship ran aground on the Scull Martin Rocks, off the coast of County Down . She was on a voyage from Greenock , Renfrewshire to St. Jago de Cuba , Cuba .[54] She was refloated on 19 September and taken in to the Belfast Lough .[44] Subsequently towed in to Liverpool , Lancashire .[55]
Destiny
Gibraltar
The ship struck rocks at Point de Cruses, Morocco, became waterlogged and was abandoned. Her ten crew were rescued by the felucca Isabelita ( Spain ). Destiny was on a voyage from Gibraltar to Genoa , Italy . The wreck was plundered by three Spanish vessels.[31]
17 September
List of shipwrecks: 17 September 1861
Ship
Country
Description
Cadiz
United Kingdom
The brig was driven ashore at Veere , Zeeland , Netherlands. She was on a voyage from Newcastle upon Tyne , Northumberland , to Rotterdam , South Holland .[4] She was later refloated and taken in to Vlissingen , Zeeland.[53]
Ceneus
United Kingdom
The snow sank in the English Channel off Dover , Kent . Her six crew were rescued by Ceres ( United Kingdom ). Ceneus was on a voyage from Schiedam , South Holland, to Sunderland, County Durham .[4] [56]
Friedrich Wilhelm
Prussia
The ship was driven ashore at Barrow in Furness , Lancashire , United Kingdom . She was on a voyage from Memel to Gloucester , United Kingdom. She was consequently condemned.[57]
Hilton
United Kingdom
The ship caught fire at London .[4]
Jonge Johan
Netherlands
The ship was driven ashore on Terschelling , Friesland . Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Hamburg to Amsterdam , North Holland .[44]
Margaretha
Netherlands
The ship foundered off the coast of South Holland with the loss of a crew member.[4]
Marina
United Kingdom
The barque was wrecked 7 nautical miles (13 km) west of the Manora Point Lighthouse , Kurrachee India . Her thirteen crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Sunderland to Kurrachee.[58] [59]
18 September
19 September
20 September
21 September
22 September
23 September
List of shipwrecks: 23 September 1861
Ship
Country
Description
Beacon
United Kingdom
The ship was driven ashore near Nyhamn, Sweden. She was on a voyage from Sunderland, County Durham to Swinemünde , Prussia .[20]
Cereal
United Kingdom
The barque ran aground on the Goodwin Sands , Kent , United Kingdom . She was on a voyage from Dunkerque , Nord to New York , United States. She was refloated with assistance from the tug Vulcan and the Broadstairs, Deal and Ramsgate Lifeboats (all United Kingdom ) and towed in to Ramsgate , Kent.[36] [53]
Liberty
United Kingdom
The schooner was driven ashore at Whitehaven , Cumberland .[36]
Phoenix
United Kingdom
The ship departed from Montreal , Province of Canada , British North America for Londonderry . No further trace, presumed foundered with the loss of all hands.[68]
Popplewell
United Kingdom
The schooner was driven ashore at Whitehaven.[36]
Sovereign of the Seas
United Kingdom
The ship caught fire at Sydney , New South Wales and was scuttled.[69]
Stentor
United Kingdom
The ship was wrecked at North Cape, Prince Edward Island , British North America .[70]
William
United Kingdom
The schooner was driven ashore at Whitehaven.[36]
24 September
25 September
26 September
List of shipwrecks: 26 September 1861
Ship
Country
Description
Cavalier
United Kingdom
The ship ran aground in the River Mersey . She was on a voyage from Saint John, New Brunswick , British North America to Liverpool , Lancashire . She was refloated and taken in to the Sloyne .[55]
Henry Clay
United Kingdom
The ship was driven ashore and wrecked on Islay , Inner Hebrides . All on board were rescued. She was on a voyage from Liverpool to New York , United States.[72]
William Barker
United States
The ship sprang a leak and foundered off Tory Island , County Donegal , United Kingdom . She was on a voyage from Troon , Ayrshire , United Kingdom to Genoa , Italy .[73]
27 September
28 September
List of shipwrecks: 28 September 1861
Ship
Country
Description
Arnold
Prussia
The schooner was wrecked at Wick, Caithness , United Kingdom with the loss of all seven crew. She was on a voyage from Leith , Lothian , to Wick.[76]
Glasgow
United Kingdom
The schooner was driven ashore in Dundrum Bay . She was on a voyage from Wick to Ballywalter , County Down .[73]
Hydrus
United Kingdom
The schooner sprang a leak and was abandoned in the English Channel off St Alban's Head , Dorset . Her crew survived. She was on a voyage from Middlesbrough , Yorkshire , to Exeter , Devon .[20]
Mary Ann
United Kingdom
The full-rigged ship was driven ashore near Ballywalter.[73] [51]
Mechanic
United Kingdom
The ship was driven ashore at Cronstadt , Russia . She was on a voyage from Newcastle upon Tyne , Northumberland , to Cronstadt. She was refloated the next day and take in to Cronstadt.[77]
M. H. Sheldon
United States
Carrying a cargo of coal , the schooner was wrecked on Block Island off the coast of Rhode Island .[78]
Neva
United Kingdom
The steamship was run into by the steamship H. L. Hvindt ( Denmark ) and sank in the Kattegat . Her crew were rescued by H. L. Hvindt . Neva was on a voyage from Hull , Yorkshire , to Saint Petersburg , Russia .[79] [51]
Ocean Skimmer
United Kingdom
The ship was driven ashore at Cronstadt. She was on a voyage from Sunderland, County Durham to Cronstadt. She was refloated the next day and taken in to Cronstadt.[77]
Peace
United Kingdom
The sailing barge ran aground and was abandoned off Camber, Sussex . Both crew were rescued by the Rye Lifeboat. Peace was on a voyage from London to Rye, Sussex . She subsequently sank.[80] [51] [17]
29 September
30 September
List of shipwrecks: 30 September 1861
Ship
Country
Description
Anagance
United Kingdom
The ship departed from New York , United States for Dunkerque Nord , France. No further trace, presumed foundered with the loss of all hands.[83]
Aristide
Flag unknown
The ship sank in the Danube at Sulina , Ottoman Empire .[84]
Couva
United Kingdom
The ship departed from New York for Londonderry . No further trace, presumed foundered with the loss of all hands.[68]
George
United States
The full-rigged ship was driven ashore at Walmer Castle , Kent , United Kingdom . She was on a voyage from Antwerp , Belgium, to New York .[51]
Malay
United Kingdom
The barque was wrecked on a reef off "Dunniloff Island", in the White Sea . Her crew were rescued by the brig Caledonia ( United Kingdom ). Malay was on a voyage from Archangelsk , Russia , to Dundee , Forfarshire .[85] [86]
Rose
Norway
The ship was wrecked at Whaligoe , Caithness , United Kingdom with the loss of all four crew.[87] [88]
Unknown date
List of shipwrecks: Unknown date September 1861
Ship
Country
Description
Addie
United Kingdom
The snow was wrecked at Lisbon , Portugal. She was on a voyage from Lisbon to Pernambuco , Brazil .[54]
Ann Jane
New Zealand
The schooner hit the Molyneux bar at the mouth of the Clutha River , New Zealand.[49]
Armada
Spain
The ship was driven ashore near Ceuta . She was on a voyage from Hartlepool , County Durham , United Kingdom to Genoa , Italy .[30]
Azoff
Russia
The ship sank at Cronstadt before 19 September. She was on a voyage from Liverpool , Lancashire , United Kingdom to Cronstadt.[42]
Cheshire
United Kingdom
The ship was driven ashore at "Melancholy Point".[73]
Coquette
United States
The schooner went ashore on the bar at Port Hood, Nova Scotia and became a total wreck. Crew saved.[89]
Diston
United Kingdom
The ship struck a rock and was abandoned.[90]
E. K. Kane
United States
The schooner went ashore at Liverpool, Nova Scotia and became a total wreck. Crew saved.[91]
Hampton
United Kingdom
The barque was abandoned in the Atlantic Ocean before 23 September. She was on a voyage from Quebec City , Province of Canada , British North America to Newcastle upon Tyne , Northumberland .[19] [50]
Helen
United Kingdom
The brig was wrecked at Garmouth, Morayshire . Her crew survived.[92] [41]
Jason
United Kingdom
The ship foundered in the North Sea . She was on a voyage from Rotterdam , South Holland , Netherlands to Goole , Yorkshire .[44]
Leonidas
United Kingdom
The ship ran aground at Frederikshavn , Denmark, before 3 September. She was on a voyage from Saint Petersburg , Russia , to Hartlepool. She broke in two on 30 September.[93]
Lion Belge
Belgium
The ship was wrecked. She was on a voyage from Leith , Lothian , United Kingdom to Sydney , New South Wales .[30]
Persevere
Unknown
The full-rigged ship was lost in the Pacific Ocean 40 nautical miles (74 km; 46 mi) off Cape Flattery on the coast of Washington Territory .[94]
Prince Arthur
United Kingdom
The ship was abandoned in the Atlantic Ocean .[84] She was on a voyage from Quebec City to Liverpool , Lancashire .[73]
Republic
United States
The schooner went ashore at Ragged Island and became a total wreck. Crew saved.[95]
Salem
United Kingdom
The barque departed from Quebec City for Belfast , County Antrim . Presumed subsequently foundered with the loss of all hand; her longboat was discovered in the Atlantic Ocean.[96]
San Paolo
Italy
The ship caught fire and was beached in Gibraltar Bay . She was on a voyage from Hull , Yorkshire , to Genoa .[44]
Telemaco
Russia
The steamship foundered west of Málaga , Spain, before 8 September with the loss of all but one of her crew.[15] [97]
Towns (or W. W. Townes )
Confederate States of America
American Civil War : The 89-ton sidewheel paddle steamer was scuttled as a blockship in the Warwick River in Virginia .[98]
References
Notes
^ a b "The Cape of Good Hope". The Times . No. 24079. London. 1 November 1861. col D, p. 8.
^ a b "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard . No. 11616. London. 2 November 1861. p. 7.
^ a b c "Marine Intelligence". Newcastle Courant . No. 9742. Newcastle upon Tyne. 13 September 1861.
^ a b c d e f g h i "Marine Intelligence". Newcastle Courant . No. 9743. Newcastle upon Tyne. 20 September 1861.
^ "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury . No. 4267. Liverpool. 15 October 1861.
^ Gaines, p. 107.
^ a b c "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard . No. 11564. London. 3 September 1861. p. 7.
^ a b c "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard . No. 11565. London. 4 September 1861. p. 7.
^ "Naval and Military News". Hampshire Telegraph . No. 3239. Portsmouth. 2 November 1861.
^ "Naval and Military". Daily News . No. 4831. London. 4 November 1861.
^ "Collision off Ryde". The Times . No. 24029. London. 4 September 1861. col F, p. 6.
^ "Collision off Ryde, Isle of Wight". Morning Post . No. 27367. London. 4 September 1861. p. 5.
^ "Law Intelligence". Southampton Herald . No. 2027. Southamptin. 5 July 1862. p. 2.
^ "Marine Intelligence". Newcastle Courant . No. 9748. Newcastle upon Tyne. 25 October 1861.
^ a b "Loss of a Russian Steamer". Birmingham Daily Post . No. 983. Birmingham. 14 September 1861.
^ "Latest from America". Belfast News-Letter . No. 15072. Belfast. 16 September 1861.
^ a b c "Royal National Life-boat Institution". Leeds Mercury . No. 7326. Leeds. 4 October 1861.
^ Gaines, p. 47.
^ a b "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard . No. 11594. London. 8 October 1861. p. 7.
^ a b c d e f g h "Marine Intelligence". Newcastle Cournat . No. 9745. Newcastle upon Tyne. 4 October 1861.
^ a b "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury . No. 4233. Liverpool. 5 September 1861.
^ "Foreign Intelligence". Glasgow Herald . No. 6758 (Afternoon ed.). Glasgow. 9 September 1861.
^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (C)
^ "Ship News". The Times . No. 24032. London. 7 September 1861. col F, p. 0.
^ "Another Storm with Damage at Wick". Glasgow Herald . No. 6758. Glasgow. 9 September 1861.
^ "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury . No. 4236. Liverpool. 9 September 1861.
^ a b "Disasters to Hull Shipping". Hull Packet . No. 4003. Hull. 4 October 1861.
^ "Ship News". The Times . No. 24096. London. 21 November 1861. col B, p. 12.
^ "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard . No. 11639. London. 29 November 1861. p. 7.
^ a b c "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury . No. 4247. Liverpool. 21 September 1861.
^ a b c d e "The Bombay Mails". The Times . No. 24051. London. 30 September 1861. col E, p. 8.
^ "Melancholy Shipwreck". The Times . No. 24055. London. 4 October 1861. col F, p. 9.
^ "Accidents, Offences &c". Trewman's Exeter Flying Post . No. 4978. Exeter. 18 September 1861.
^ a b "Ship News". The Times . No. 24073. London. 25 October 1861. col E, p. 10.
^ "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury . No. 4265. Liverpool. 12 October 1861.
^ a b c d e "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard . No. 11583. London. 25 September 1861. p. 7.
^ "The Cape of Good Hope". Daily News . No. 4829. London. 1 November 1861.
^ "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury . No. 4283. Liverpool. 2 November 1861.
^ a b c "Ship News". The Times . No. 24103. London. 29 November 1861. col F, p. 8.
^ a b "Londonderry, Tuesday, 24th Sept". Freeman's Journal . Dublin. 25 September 1861.
^ a b c d e "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard . No. 11585. London. 27 September 1861. p. 7.
^ a b "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury . No. 4256. Liverpool. 2 October 1861.
^ a b c "Gale at Liverpool. - Shipping Disasters and Loss of Life". Dundee Courier . No. 2528. Dundee. 18 September 1861.
^ a b c d e f g "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury . No. 4246. Liverpool. 20 September 1861.
^ usnlp.org Navy Chronology of the Civil War, July-December 1861
^ Gaines, pp.41-42.
^ a b c d "The Late Shipping Casualties at Holyhead". Freeman's Journal . Dublin. 17 September 1861.
^ a b "Severity of the Weather. - Shipping Disasters". Morning Post . No. 27378. London. 17 September 1861. p. 6.
^ a b c Ingram, C. W. N., and Wheatley, P. O., (1936) Shipwrecks: New Zealand disasters 1795–1936. Dunedin, NZ: Dunedin Book Publishing Association. p. 74.
^ a b "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard . No. 11619. London. 19 November 1861. p. 7.
^ a b c d e f g h "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard . No. 11588. London. 1 October 1861. p. 7.
^ "The Loss of the Colonist, of Hull". The Times . No. 24047. London. 25 September 1861. col E, p. 7.
^ a b c d e f g h i "Marine Intelligence". Newcastle Courant . No. 9744. Newcastle upon Tyne. 27 September 1861.
^ a b "Shipping Intelligence". Morning Post . No. 27378. London. 17 September 1861.
^ a b "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury . No. 4255. Liverpool. 1 October 1861.
^ "SHIPS BUILT AT SUNDERLAND IN THE 1800s" . Searle. Retrieved 3 February 2020 .
^ a b "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard . No. 11597. London. 11 October 1861. p. 7.
^ a b "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury . No. 4275. Liverpool. 24 October 1861.
^ "SHIPS BUILT AT SUNDERLAND IN THE 1850s" . Searle. Retrieved 5 February 2020 .
^ a b "Shipping Intelligence". Hull Packet . No. 4002. Hull. 27 September 1861.
^ Gaines, p. 136.
^ a b "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard . No. 11605. London. 21 October 1861. p. 7.
^ "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury . No. 4290. Liverpool. 11 November 1861.
^ "India, China, and Australia". Birmingham Daily Post . No. 1065. Birmingham. 20 December 1861.
^ "Foreign Miscellany". Cheshire Observer . Vol. 8, no. 415. Chester. 28 December 1861. p. 6.
^ "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury . No. 4280. Liverpool. 30 October 1861.
^ "Ship News". The Times . No. 24100. London. 26 November 1861. col F, p. 6.
^ a b "Shipping Intelligence". Daily News . No. 4881. London. 1 January 1862.
^ "Destruction of a Liverpool Ship by Fire". Liverpool Mercury . No. 4288. Liverpool. 8 November 1861.
^ "Shipping Intelligence". Hull Packet . No. 4005. Hull. 18 October 1861.
^ "SHIPS BUILT AT SUNDERLAND IN THE 1840s" . Searle. Retrieved 4 February 2020 .
^ "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool . No. 4257. Liverpool. 3 October 1861.
^ a b c d e f "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury . No. 4254. Liverpool. 30 September 1861.
^ a b c "The Gale of Friday". Royal Cornwall Gazette . No. 3041. Truro. 4 October 1861. p. 4.
^ Gaines, p. 57.
^ "Melancholy Shipwreck at Wick". Caledonian Mercury . No. 22467. Edinburgh. 1 October 1861.
^ a b "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard . No. 11593. London. 7 October 1861. p. 7.
^ Gaines, p. 140.
^ "Collision at Sea. - Loss of a Hull Steamer". Morning Post . No. 27399. London. 1 October 1861. p. 4.
^ "Lifeboat Services. - Rye". Morning Post . No. 27399. London. 1 October 1861. p. 8.
^ Ahoy - Mac's Web Log "Marauders of the Sea, Confederate Merchant Raiders During the American Civil War: CSS Sumter. 1861-1862. Captain Raphael Semmes"
^ Gaines, p. 15.
^ "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury . No. 4335. Liverpool. 2 January 1862.
^ a b "Ship News". The Times . No. 24063. London. 14 October 1861. col C, p. 9.
^ "Numerous Disasters at Sea". Freeman's Journal . Dublin. 5 November 1861.
^ "Dundee Shipping". Dundee Courier . No. 2573. Dundee. 9 November 1861.
^ "Shipwreck at Wick. - Loss of the Crew". Preston Chronicle . Preston. 7 October 1861.
^ "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard . No. 11597. London. 12 October 1861. p. 7.
^ "1861" . downtothesea.com. Retrieved 8 July 2021 .
^ "Shipping Casualties". Belfast News=Letter . No. 22466. Belfast. 30 September 1861.
^ "1861" . downtothesea.com. Retrieved 8 July 2021 .
^ "Shipping Intelligence". Aberdeen Journal . No. 5933. Aberdeen. 25 September 1861.
^ "Ship News". The Times . No. 24067. London. 18 October 1861. col E, p. 10.
^ Gaines, p. 194.
^ "1861" . downtothesea.com. Retrieved 8 July 2021 .
^ "General Intelligence". Caledonian Mercury . No. 22505. Edinburgh. 14 November 1861.
^ "Arrival of the Ellora". Caledonian Mercury . No. 22453. Edinburgh. 14 September 1861.
^ Gaines, p. 189.
Bibliography
Shipwrecks 1860–69, by month
1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869