List of natural disasters in New Zealand
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This list of natural disasters in New Zealand documents notable natural disasters and epidemics that have occurred in New Zealand since 1843. Of these natural disasters, the 1918 flu pandemic resulted in the highest loss of life with 8,600 deaths in New Zealand. [1] [2]
Notable natural disasters
Colour blue scheme used in this table: |
---|
Earthquake |
Flooding |
Health Crisis |
Landslide |
Tsunami |
Volcanic eruption |
Weather |
Wildfires |
Year | Type | Deaths | Place | Region | Cost | Note | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1843 | Earthquake | 2 | Wanganui | Manawatu | M 7+ | 1843 Wanganui earthquake | |
1846 | Landslide | 60 | Lake Taupo | Waikato | Worst landslide in New Zealand History | [3] | |
1848 | Earthquake | 3 | Blenheim | Marlborough | M 7.5 | 1848 Marlborough earthquake | |
1855 | Earthquake | 9 | Wairarapa | Wellington | M 8.3 | 1855 Wairarapa earthquake | |
1855 | Tsunami | Cook Strait | Cook Strait | Maximum wave heights of 11m | [4] | ||
1858 | Flooding | 14 | Hutt Valley | Wellington | |||
1863 | Flooding | 200 | Central Otago | Otago | Floods and snowstorm | ||
1868 | Flooding | 9 | Totara, Waiareka Valley | Otago | |||
1868 | Tsunami | 1 | East coast of New Zealand | Chile | Maximum wave heights of 7m | [5] | |
1877 | Tsunami | East coast of New Zealand | Chile | Maximum wave heights of 3m | [6] | ||
1878 | Flooding | 3 | Clutha Valley | Otago | Great Clutha flood of 1878[7] | ||
1885 | Earthquake | 3 | Paekakariki | Wellington | M 5-6 | [8] | |
1886 | Volcanic | 153 | Mount Tarawera | Bay of Plenty | Death toll ranges 108–153 depending on source | ||
1888 | Earthquake | 1 | Hanmer Springs | Canterbury | M 7+ | 1888 North Canterbury earthquake | |
1897 | Flooding | 12 | Clive | Hawke's Bay | |||
1901 | Earthquake | 1 | Cheviot | Canterbury | M 6.8 | 1901 Cheviot earthquake | |
1904 | Landslide | 8 | Brunner | West Coast | [9] | ||
1904 | Earthquake | 1 | Cape Turnagain | Manawatu | M 7 | 1904 Cape Turnagain earthquake | |
1913 | Earthquake | 1 | Masterton | Wellington | M 5.6 | [8] | |
1914 | Landslide | 1 | Ngatapa | Gisborne | [10] | ||
1914 | Volcanic | 10 | White Island | Bay of Plenty | Lahar | ||
1914 | Earthquake | 1 | East Cape | Gisborne | M 6.6 | 1914 East Cape earthquakes | |
1918 | Wildfire | 3 | Raetihi | Manawatu | Raetihi Forest Fire | ||
1918 | Health Crisis | 8,600 | Nationwide | New Zealand | Influenza virus struck between October and December 1918 | [11] | |
1923 | Landslide | 17 | Taumaranui | Manawatu | Landslide hit Auckland to Wellington express train near Taumaranui, killing 17 and injuring 30 | [3] | |
1923 | Landslide | 2 | Little River | Canterbury | [12] | ||
1924 | Flooding | 1 | Kaiwaka | Hawke's Bay | [13] | ||
1924 | Landslide | 1 | Napier | Hawke's Bay | Slip happened on Shakespeare Rd. | [13] | |
1924 | Tsunami | Chatham Islands | Unknown | Maximum wave heights of 6m | [14] | ||
1929 | Weather | 1 | East coast of New Zealand | Bay of Plenty, Otago | Cyclone, caused violent wind in northeastern North Island and flooding throughout Dunedin and coastal Otago | 1929 New Zealand cyclone | |
1929 | Earthquake | 17 | Murchison | Tasman | M 7.8 | 1929 Murchison earthquake | |
1931 | Earthquake | 256 | Napier/Hastings | Hawke's Bay | Official death toll of 256, reported death toll of 258. M 7.8 | 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake | |
1934 | Earthquake | 2 | Pahiatua | Manawatu | M 7.2 | 1934 Pahiatua earthquake | |
1938 | Flooding | 21 | Kopuawhara | Hawke's Bay | Kopuawhara flash flood of 1938 | ||
1942 | Earthquake | 1 | Wairarapa | Wellington | M 6.9 | 1942 Wairarapa earthquakes | |
1942 | Weather | 1 | Kaitaia | Northland | Tornado | [15] | |
1947 | Tsunami | East Coast | Gisborne | Maximum wave heights of 10m. 25 March | [16] | ||
1947 | Tsunami | East Coast | Gisborne | Maximum wave heights of 5m. 17 May | [16] | ||
1948 | Weather | 3 | Hamilton | Waikato | Tornado | [17] | |
1953 | Volcanic | 151 | Tangiwai | Manawatu | Lahar destroyed rail bridge, sending train into river | Tangiwai disaster | |
1953 | Weather | 1 | Auckland | Auckland | Tornado | [18] | |
1960 | Tsunami | East coast of New Zealand | Chile | Maximum wave heights of 4.5m | [19] | ||
1967 | Weather | 1 | North Island | New Zealand | Cyclone | Cyclone Dinah | |
1968 | Earthquake | 3 | Inangahua | West Coast | M 7.1 | 1968 Inangahua earthquake | |
1968 | Weather | 59[a] [20] | North Island | North Island | Cyclone | Cyclone Giselle | |
1973 | Weather | 1 | Opunake | Taranaki | Tornado | [21] | |
1975 | Weather | 2 | Nationwide | New Zealand | Cyclone | Cyclone Alison | |
1978 | Flooding | Clutha Valley | Otago | 1978 Otago flood | |||
1979 | Landslide | Dunedin | Otago | 69 houses destroyed | 1979 Abbotsford landslip | ||
1980 | Weather | 1 | Auckland | Auckland | Tornado | [18] | |
1982 | Weather | 2 | Northern North Island | New Zealand | Cyclone | Cyclone Bernie | |
1984 | Flooding | Invercargill | Southland | $100,000,000+[22] | |||
1985 | Landslide | 3 | Te Aroha | Waikato | [23] | ||
1987 | Earthquake | 1 | Edgecumbe | Bay of Plenty | $300,000,000[24] | M 6.3 | 1987 Edgecumbe earthquake |
1988 | Weather | 7 | East Coast of North Island | North Island | $229,000,000 | Cyclone | Cyclone Bola |
1989 | Weather | Northland | New Zealand | Cyclone | Cyclone Delilah | ||
1990 | Weather | Taranaki | New Zealand | Cyclone | Cyclone Hilda | ||
1991 | Weather | 1 | Auckland | Auckland | Tornado | [25] | |
1994 | Weather | Southwestern South Island | New Zealand | Cyclone | Cyclone Rewa | ||
1996 | Weather | Eastern North Island | New Zealand | Cyclone | Cyclone Beti | ||
1996 | Weather | 2 | Northern North Island | New Zealand | Cyclone | Cyclone Fergus | |
1997 | Weather | 6 | Nationwide | New Zealand | Cyclone | Cyclone Drena | |
1997 | Weather | North Island | New Zealand | Cyclone | Cyclone Gavin | ||
1998 | Weather | 1 | Nationwide | New Zealand | Cyclone | Cyclone Yali | |
2001 | Weather | 4 | Northern North Island | New Zealand | Cyclone | Cyclone Sose | |
2003 | Tsunami | Fiordland | Southland | Maximum wave heights of 5m | [26] | ||
2004 | Weather | 2 | Northeastern North Island | New Zealand | Cyclone | Cyclone Ivy | |
2004 | Landslide | 2 | Owira | Bay of Plenty | [27] | ||
2004 | Earthquake | 1 | Lake Rotomā | Bay of Plenty | M 5.4 | [28][29] | |
2004 | Weather | 2 | Waitara | Taranaki | Tornado | [17] | |
2006 | Volcanic | 1 | Raoul Island | Kermedec Islands | 2006 Raoul Island eruption | ||
2007 | Earthquake | 1 | Gisborne | Gisborne | $50,000,000[30] | M 6.7 | 2007 Gisborne earthquake |
2008 | Weather | North Island | New Zealand | Cyclone | Cyclone Funa | ||
2009 | Weather | 1 | Nationwide | New Zealand | Cyclone | Cyclone Innis | |
2009 | Health Crisis | 19 | Nationwide | New Zealand | Swine flu infects 3,175 people and results in 19 deaths | 2009 flu pandemic in New Zealand | |
2010 | Earthquake | 2 | Darfield | Canterbury | $4,000,000,000 | M 7.1 | 2010 Canterbury earthquake |
2011 | Weather | Northern North Island | New Zealand | Cyclone | Cyclone Wilma | ||
2011 | Earthquake | 185 | Christchurch | Canterbury | $42,000,000,000 | M 6.3 | 2011 Christchurch earthquake |
2011 | Weather | 1 | Auckland | Auckland | $6,300,000 | Tornado | [17] |
2011 | Earthquake | 1 | Christchurch | Canterbury | M 6.4 | June 2011 Christchurch earthquake | |
2011 | Weather | Nationwide | New Zealand | Snowstorm | 2011 New Zealand snowstorms | ||
2011 | Earthquake | 1 | Christchurch | Canterbury | M 5.9 December aftershock | [8] | |
2012 | Weather | 3 | Auckland | Auckland | Tornado | [31] | |
2012 | Weather | 1 | North Island | New Zealand | Cyclone | Cyclone Evan | |
2013 | Weather | Nationwide | New Zealand | 2013 New Zealand winter storm | |||
2013 | Landslide | 2 | Haast Pass | West Coast | [32] | ||
2014 | Weather | Nationwide | New Zealand | Cyclone | Cyclone Ita | ||
2014 | Flooding | 2 | Northland | North Island | |||
2014 | Earthquake | 1 | East Cape | Gisborne | M 6.5 | [8] | |
2015 | Flooding | 1 | Petone | Wellington | [33] | ||
2015 | Flooding | South Dunedin | Otago | $138,000,000 ($12 million insurance payouts, $64 million economic damage, $18 million social damage)[34] | On 3 June 2015, a low weather system brought heavy rain to the coastal Otago Region. South Dunedin experienced heavy flooding, which was exacerbated by the area's high water table and the breakdown of the Portobello pumping station. 1,200 homes and businesses were damaged by flood damage. The Dunedin City Council drew criticism for the poor state of storm water infrastructure. | [34][35] | |
2016 | Health Crisis | 3 | Havelock North | Hawke's Bay | $21,000,000[36] | Campylobacter infects 5,200 people and results in 3 deaths | [37] |
2016 | Earthquake | 2 | Kaikoura | Canterbury | $2,270,000,000[38] | M 7.8 | 2016 Kaikoura earthquake |
2017 | Wildfire | 1 | Port Hills | Canterbury | $18,300,000[38] | 2017 Port Hills fires | |
2017 | Flooding | Edgecumbe | Bay of Plenty | $91,460,000[38] | Cyclone | Cyclone Debbie | |
2017 | Weather | North Island | New Zealand | $17,200,000[38] | Cyclone | Cyclone Cook | |
2018 | Weather | Northwestern South Island | New Zealand | $45,900,000[38] | Cyclone | Cyclone Fehi | |
2018 | Weather | Northwestern South Island | New Zealand | $35,600,000[38] | Cyclone | Cyclone Gita | |
2019 | Wildfire | Pigeon Valley | Tasman and Nelson | Pigeon Valley Fire | |||
2019 | Health Crisis | 2 | Nationwide | New Zealand | 2019 New Zealand measles outbreak | ||
2019 | Weather | Timaru | Canterbury | $170,000,000 | Hailstorm | [39] | |
2019 | Volcanic | 22 | White Island | Bay of Plenty | 2019 White Island eruption | ||
2020 | Flooding | 3 | Southern South Island | Southland and Otago | $29,640,000[38] | [40][41] | |
2020 | Health Crisis | 2,030 | Nationwide | New Zealand | COVID-19 infects over a million people leading to nationwide lockdowns in late March 2020 and August 2021 and an Auckland-wide lockdown in August 2020.[42][43] | COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand | |
2020 | Wildfire | Lake Ōhau | Canterbury | $35,180,000[38] | Lake Ōhau Fire | ||
2020 | Flooding | Napier | Hawke's Bay | $87,720,000[38] | [44] | ||
2021 | Flooding | Canterbury Plains | Canterbury | $46,440,000[38] | [45] | ||
2021 | Weather | 1 | Auckland | Auckland | $32,000,000[38] | Tornado | [46] |
2021 | Flooding | Northern South Island | Buller District, Tasman District, and Marlborough Region | $97,200,000[38] | Torrential rain in mid-July 2021 led to flooding in the West Coast's Buller District, Tasman District, and Marlborough regions of the South Island, prompting evacuations of residents and state of emergency.[47][48][49] | 2021 New Zealand floods | |
2022 | Tsunami | Northern North Island | Tonga | $5,930,000[38] | The tsunami from the eruption of Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai caused a 1.33 metre tsunami at Great Barrier Island, while millions dollars of damage was done at a marina in Tutukaka. | [50][51] | |
2022 | Weather | North Island | New Zealand | $54,840,000[38] | Cyclone | Cyclone Dovi | |
2022 | Weather | 5 | North Island | New Zealand | $119,640,000[38] | A low-pressure system that migrated across the North Island from the Tasman Sea to off East Cape caused severe thunderstorms and extensive flooding in the Auckland and Gisborne regions. 5 people were killed when their boat capsized off North Cape in the stormy weather. | [52][53][54] |
2022 | Weather | 1 | North Island | New Zealand | A line of thunderstorms accompanied by gale-force winds passed across the North Island. A tornado in Levin caused extensive damage, while in Cambridge a woman was killed after a tree fell on her. | [55] | |
2022 | Flooding | Nationwide | New Zealand | $47,970,000[38] | Heavy persistent rain in mid-August led to widespread evacuations, flooding, and landslides in Nelson, Tasman, Marlborough, West Coast, Northland, Taranaki, and Wellington. | [56][57][58] |
See also
Notes
- ^ 53 on TEV Wahine and 6 elsewhere in the country
References
- ^ Rice, Geoffrey. Black November : the 1918 influenza pandemic in New Zealand. Bryder, Linda (Second edition, revised and enlarged ed.). Christchurch, N.Z. ISBN 9781927145913. OCLC 960210402.
- ^ Noted. "1918 flu centenary: How to survive a pandemic". Noted. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
- ^ a b "5. Notable New Zealand landslides – Landslides – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand". Teara.govt.nz. 8 August 1979. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ^ "Wairarapa tsunami, 23 January 1855 - Tsunami - GeoNet". Info.geonet.org.nz. 22 February 1999. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ^ "Peru-Chile tsunami, 15 August 1868 - Tsunami - GeoNet". Info.geonet.org.nz. 22 February 1999. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ^ "Northern Chile tsunami, 11 May 1877 - Tsunami - GeoNet". Info.geonet.org.nz. 22 February 1999. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ^ "Great flood hits South Island, 30 September 1878". nzhistory.govt.nz. 30 September 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- ^ a b c d Abeling, S.; Horspool, N.; Johnston, D.; Dizhur, D.; Wilson, N.; Clement, C.; Ingham, J. (2020). "Patterns of earthquake-related mortality at a whole-country level: New Zealand, 1840–2017". Earthquake Spectra. 36 (1): 138–163. doi:10.1177/8755293019878190. S2CID 203996710.
- ^ "May 1904 Manawatu-Wanganui and West Coast Flooding - HWE". Hwe.niwa.co.nz. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ^ "May 1914 North Island Flooding - HWE". Hwe.niwa.co.nz. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ^ "Epidemic | NZHistory, New Zealand history online". Nzhistory.net.nz. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ^ "January 1923 Canterbury and Tasman-Nelson Flooding - HWE". Hwe.niwa.co.nz. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ^ a b "March 1924 Hawke's Bay Flooding - HWE". Hwe.niwa.co.nz. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ^ "Chatham Islands tsunami, 19 July 1924 - Tsunami - GeoNet". Info.geonet.org.nz. 19 July 1924. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ^ "August 1942 New Zealand High Winds - HWE". Hwe.niwa.co.nz. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ^ a b "Gisborne tsunami, 25 March and 17 May 1947 - Tsunami - GeoNet". Info.geonet.org.nz. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ^ a b c "Tornadoes in New Zealand - FAQs". NIWA.co.nz. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ^ a b "New Zealand Historic Weather Events Catalog". Hwe.niwa.co.nz. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ^ "Chile tsunami, 23 May 1960 - Tsunami - GeoNet". Info.geonet.org.nz. 23 May 1960. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ^ "April 1968 New Zealand Ex-tropical Cyclone Giselle ( 1968-04-09 )". hwe.niwa.co.nz. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "April 1973 Taranaki Tornado - HWE". Hwe.niwa.co.nz. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ^ Fox, Rebecca (26 January 2009). "Some people 'never' recovered". Otago Daily Times.
- ^ "February 1985 Auckland and Waikato Flooding - HWE". Hwe.niwa.co.nz. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ^ "Edgecumbe earthquake". Christchurch City Council Libraries. Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
- ^ "June 1991 Auckland Tornado - HWE". Hwe.niwa.co.nz. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ^ "Fiordland tsunami, 22 August 2003 - Tsunami - GeoNet". Info.geonet.org.nz. 22 August 2003. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ^ "July 2004 Bay of Plenty Flooding and Landslides - HWE". Hwe.niwa.co.nz. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ^ "Tragic end to couple's day out". NZ Herald. 20 July 2004. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
- ^ "Earthquakes continue to rumble Rotorua and BOP". NZ Herald. 19 July 2004. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
- ^ "Our quake 10 years on". The Gisborne Herald. 20 December 2017. Archived from the original on 31 October 2018. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ "Auckland tornado kills 3, hits 150 homes". Stuff. 6 December 2012. Archived from the original on 12 October 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ^ "September 2013 New Zealand Storm - HWE". Hwe.niwa.co.nz. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ^ "Man found dead in Wellington floods". NZ City. 14 May 2015. Archived from the original on 26 July 2015. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ a b Mitchell, Charlie (28 November 2019). "Down Under: The community most-exposed to sea-level rise is also one of the poorest". Stuff. Archived from the original on 27 June 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ "World Politics Pacific Te Ao Māori Sport Business Country Local Democracy Reporting Comment & Analysis In Depth Weather NEW ZEALAND OTAGO21 Jun 2016 Dunedin council concedes flood fault". Radio New Zealand. 21 June 2016. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
- ^ Harper, Nicki (28 September 2017). "Economic impact of Havelock North gastro outbreak reaches $21m". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ Hendery, Simon (2 September 2016). "Havelock North water crisis expected to cost Hastings District Council $710,000". Stuff. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Cost of natural disasters - ICNZ". www.icnz.org.nz. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
- ^ Littlewood, Matthew (16 November 2020). "Timaru's hailstorm cost reaches record $170m mark". Timaru Herald. Stuff. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ "Southland coming to grips with scale of flood damage". Radio New Zealand. 10 February 2020. Archived from the original on 31 December 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
- ^ "French woman named as third dead Makarora tramper". Stuff. Archived from the original on 28 February 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
- ^ "Live: PM Jacinda Ardern to give update on coronavirus alert level". Stuff. Archived from the original on 23 March 2020. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
- ^ "Covid 19 coronavirus: Auckland in lockdown, rest of country in level 2 – Four cases of community transmission". The New Zealand Herald. 11 August 2020. ISSN 1170-0777. Archived from the original on 24 August 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
- ^ "Napier floods one year on: How rare the event was is open to interpretation". Stuff. 11 November 2021. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
- ^ Gates, Charlie; Guildford, Jonathan; Porter, Nadine; Sherwood, Sam (30 May 2021). "Canterbury floods: State of emergency in Ashburton and Timaru, thousands of homes at risk". Stuff. Archived from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ "Auckland tornado: One person dead, two injured after storm rips through container yard". Stuff. 19 June 2021. Archived from the original on 28 June 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
- ^ Lourens, Marine; Allott, Amber; Broughton, Cate (18 July 2021). "Thousands of flooding evacuees asked to stay put until flood waters recede". Stuff. Archived from the original on 18 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ "Wild weather: State of Emergency, Army deployed after torrential rain on West Coast of the South Island". The New Zealand Herald. 17 July 2021. Archived from the original on 18 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ Fyle, James; Ensor, Jamie; Henry, Holly; Speedy, Juliet; Reidy, Madison (17 July 2021). "Severe weather: Entire towns evacuated in Marlborough, while West Coast, Wellington hammered". Newshub. Archived from the original on 18 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ Clark, George (16 January 2022). "Tonga tsunami, Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai eruption: Surging waves hit island nation". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
- ^ de Graaf, Peter (18 January 2022). "Clean-up continues at Tutukaka's tsunami-hit marina". Northern Advocate. The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
- ^ Halpin, James (22 March 2022). "Far North boat tragedy: Fifth body found after two-day search". Stuff. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
- ^ "Live: Torrential rain and thunderstorms flood Auckland, head down towards Waikato". Stuff. 21 March 2022. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
- ^ Gourley, Erin (23 March 2022). "Live: Flood-hit Gisborne cut off by slips, Tolaga Bay has 'dodged a bullet'". Stuff. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
- ^ "Live: Woman who was trapped under fallen tree dies in hospital". Stuff. 20 May 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
- ^ "Recap: More than 200 homes evacuated from Nelson floodwaters as rain smashes the South Island". Stuff. 17 August 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
- ^ "Live: Streets flooded, 600 without power as weather havoc extends north". Stuff. 18 August 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
- ^ reporters, Stuff (19 August 2022). "Live: 1200 people displaced, 'years of recovery' ahead for Nelson in wake of flooding and slips damage". Stuff. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
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