List of driver-less train systems
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This is a list of driver-less train systems, which are capable of GoA3 and GoA4 (GoA3+) according to the Grade of Automation classifications specified by the standard IEC 62290‐1. These are explained diagrammatically by the UITP. This list focuses heavily on trains in the classical sense used for large-scale railways for passengers and freight but does include a few people mover systems. For a similar list for GoA2, see list of semi-automated train systems.
Grade-of-Automation 3 systems
These systems are capable of driverless train operation (DTO), although some operators may choose to staff trains anyway.
GoA3 – Americas
Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brazil | Salvador Metro | Line 1 | 2014 | SelTrac[1] | [a] |
Line 2 | 2016 | ||||
São Paulo Metro | Line 3 (Red) | 10 March 1979 | ATO | [b] | |
United States | Walt Disney World Monorail System | 2016 | SelTrac |
GoA3 – Asia
Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
China (Mainland) | Beijing Subway | Capital Airport Express | 19 July 2008 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | |
Shanghai Pudong Airport APM | 16 September 2019 | FITSCO JeRail | |||
Shanghai Metro | Line 5 | June 2018 | Thales, Shanghai Electric TSTCBTC2.0 | Initially operated in GoA1 (Manual operation) [c][3] | |
Line 17 | 30 December 2017 | CASCO TRANAVI | [4] | ||
Wuhan Metro | Yangluo line | 26 December 2017 | CASCO | [5] | |
Indonesia | Soekarno–Hatta Airport Skytrain | 2020 | SiLSafe 5000 | [d] | |
Japan | Disney Resort Line | 27 July 2001 | |||
🇵🇰 Pakistan | Lahore Metro | Orange Line | 25 October 2020 | CASCO (Alstom) | |
Singapore | Sentosa Express | November 2017 | Hitachi Moving Block Wireless CBTC |
GoA3 – Europe
Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bulgaria | Sofia Metro | Line 3 | 26 August 2020 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | [6] |
Hungary | Budapest Metro | Line 2 | 2013 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | [e] |
Spain | Barcelona Metro | Line 11 | 2009 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | |
United Kingdom | Docklands Light Railway | 31 August 1987 | SelTrac | [f] |
Grade-of-Automation 4 systems
These systems are capable of unattended train operation (UTO), although some operators may choose to staff trains anyway.
GoA4 – Americas
Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brazil | Porto Alegre Metro | Metro-Airport Connection | 10 August 2013 | Aeromovel | |
São Paulo Metro | Line 1 (Blue) | 3 July 2022 | Alstom Urbalis CBTC | [7] | |
Line 2 (Green) | 2 March 2020 | ||||
Line 3 (Red) | December 2022 (Under Conversion) | ||||
Line 4 (Yellow) | 25 May 2010 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | First completely driverless metro line in Latin America.[8] | ||
Line 5 (Lilac) | 12 March 2017 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | [g] | ||
Line 15 (Silver) | 30 August 2014 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
Canada | LINK Train | 6 July 2006 | DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car | ||
SkyTrain | Expo Line | 11 December 1985 | SelTrac | The longest driverless network in the Americas, at 79.6 km.[9] | |
Millennium Line | 7 January 2002 | ||||
Canada Line | 17 August 2009 | ||||
Chile | Santiago Metro | Line 3 | 22 January 2019 | SelTrac | |
Line 6 | 2 November 2017 | ||||
Mexico | Aerotrén | 2007 | DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car | ||
United States | AeroTrain | 20 January 2010 | SelTrac | ||
Airport Transit System | 6 May 1993 | VAL system | |||
AirTrain JFK | 17 December 2003 | SelTrac | |||
AirTrain Newark | 31 May 1996 | SelTrac | |||
AirTrain SFO | 24 February 2003 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
Aria Express | 1 December 2009 | DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car | |||
Bay Area Rapid Transit | BART to OAK line | 22 November 2014 | DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car | ||
Cincinnati Airport People Mover | 9 June 1994 | Otis Hovair | |||
Detroit People Mover | 31 July 1987 | SelTrac | |||
DFW Skylink | 21 May 2005 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
DIA Automated Guideway Transit | 28 February 1995 | Bombardier CITYFLO 550 | |||
ExpressTram | 24 February 2002 | Otis Hovair | |||
George Bush Intercontinental Airport People Movers | Skyway | 24 May 1999 | Bombardier CITYFLO 550 | ||
Subway | 1969 | WEDway | [h] | ||
Getty Center Tram | 1997 | Otis Hovair | |||
Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport People Movers | The Plane Train | 21 September 1980 | Bombardier CITYFLO 550 | ||
ATL Skytrain | 8 December 2009 | ||||
Huntsville Hospital Tram System | 19 June 2002 | Otis Hovair | |||
Jacksonville Skyway | 1989 | SelTrac | |||
Las Vegas Monorail | 2004 | SelTrac | |||
Mandalay Bay Tram | 9 April 1999 | DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car | |||
McCarran International Airport Automated People Movers | Green Line | 1985 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | ||
Blue Line | 1998 | ||||
Red Line | 2012 | ||||
Memphis Suspension Railway | 1982 | ||||
Miami International Airport People Movers | MIA e Train | 1980 | MiniMetro | [i] | |
Skytrain | 15 September 2010 | Mitsubishi Crystal Mover | |||
MIA Mover | 9 September 2011 | ||||
Miami Metromover | 17 April 1986 | Bombardier CITYFLO 550 | |||
Minneapolis–St. Paul Airport Trams | Hub Tram | 3 April 2001 | Otis Hovair | ||
'C' Concourse People Mover | 5 May 2004 | ||||
Morgantown Personal Rapid Transit | 1975 | ||||
Orlando International Airport People Movers | Airside systems | 1981 | Mitsubishi Crystal Mover | ||
Intermodal Terminal system | 2017 | ||||
PHX Sky Train | 8 April 2013 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
Pittsburgh International Airport People Mover | 1 October 1992 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
Satellite Transit System | 1973 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
SMF Automated People Mover | 6 October 2011 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
Tampa International Airport People Movers | Airside systems | 1971 | Bombardier CITYFLO 550 | ||
Monorail | 1991 | ||||
SkyConnect | 2018 | Mitsubishi Crystal Mover | |||
Navajo Mine Railroad | GE E60 electric locomotives | [j] | |||
Venezuela | Cabletren Bolivariano | 14 August 2013 | DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car |
GoA4 – Asia
Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
China (Mainland) | Beijing Capital International Airport Terminal 3 People Mover | March 2008 | Bombardier CITYFLO 550 | ||
Beijing Subway | Line 11 | 31 December 2021 | |||
Line 17 | |||||
Line 19 | |||||
Yanfang line | 30 December 2017 | BTCT | [10] | ||
Daxing Airport Express | 26 September 2019 | [11] | |||
Chengdu Metro | Line 9 | 18 December 2020 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | [12] | |
Chongqing Rail Transit | Bishan rubber-tyred tram | 16 April 2021 | BYD SkyShuttle | ||
Jinan Metro | Line 2 | 26 March 2021 | [13] | ||
Guangzhou Metro | APM Line | 8 November 2010 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | ||
Nanjing Metro | Line 7 | 31 December 2022 | |||
Nanning Metro | Line 5 | 16 December 2021 | [14] | ||
Ningbo Rail Transit | Line 5 | 28 December 2021 | [15] | ||
Shanghai Metro | Line 10 | 10 April 2010 | Alstom/CASCO Urbalis 888[16] | Initially operated in GoA2 and GoA3, transitioned to GoA4 in 2020[17] | |
Line 14 | 30 December 2021 | Thales, Shanghai Electric TSTCBTC2.0 | [k][19][3] | ||
Line 15 | 23 January 2021 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | [20] | ||
Line 18 | 26 December 2020 | ||||
Pujiang line | 31 March 2018 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
Shenzhen Metro | Line 20 | 28 December 2021 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | [21] | |
Suzhou Rail Transit | Line 5 | 29 June 2021 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | [22] | |
Taiyuan Metro | Line 2 | 26 December 2020 | |||
Tianjin Metro | Line 8 | 28 December 2021 | [23] | ||
Wuhan Metro | Line 5 | 26 December 2021 | [24] | ||
Wuhu Rail Transit | Line 1 | 3 November 2021 | |||
Line 2 | 28 December 2021 | ||||
Xi'an Qujiang Sightseeing Monorail | 2015 | ||||
Hong Kong | Hong Kong International Airport Automated People Mover | 6 July 1998 | SelTrac | ||
MTR | Disneyland Resort line | 1 August 2005 | SelTrac | Most trains have an attendant on board | |
South Island line (East) | 28 December 2016 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | All trains have an attendant on board[25] | ||
India | Delhi Metro | Pink Line | 14 March 2018 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | 58.59 km (36.41 mi). Initially with an attendant on board [26] |
Magenta Line | 25 December 2017 | Nippon Signal SPARCS | Initially with an attendant on board | ||
Grey Line | 4 October 2019 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
Mumbai Metro | Line 2 | 2 April 2022 | |||
Line 7 | |||||
Japan | Kanazawa Seaside Line | 5 July 1989 | |||
Kobe New Transit | Port Island Line | 5 February 1981 | World's first GoA4 line | ||
Rokkō Island Line | 21 February 1990 | ||||
Linimo | 6 March 2005 | World's first unmanned maglev | |||
Osaka Metro | Nanko Port Town Line | 20 October 1991 | Previously used GoA2 from 1981 to 1991 | ||
Skyrail Midorizaka Line | 28 August 1998 | People Mover monorail | |||
Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation | Nippori-Toneri Liner | 30 March 2008 | |||
Wing Shuttle | 4 September 1994 | ||||
Yurikamome | 1 November 1995 | Mitsubishi Crystal Mover | |||
Macau | Macau Light Rapid Transit | Taipa Line | 10 December 2019 | [27] | |
Malaysia | KLIA Aerotrain | 1998 | Bombardier CITYFLO 550 | ||
Rapid KL | Kelana Jaya Line | 1 September 1998 | SelTrac | The first GoA4 in Malaysia, at 46.4 km (28.8 mi) | |
Kajang Line | 16 December 2016 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | The second GoA4 and the longest in Malaysia, at 51 km (32 mi) | ||
Ampang Line | 2017 | SelTrac | [l] | ||
Sri Petaling Line | |||||
Melaka Monorail | 4 December 2017 | ||||
Pakistan | Lahore Metro | Orange Line | 25 October 2020 | CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive | The first driverless metro in Pakistan. |
Qatar | Doha Metro | Red Line | 8 May 2019 | SelTrac | |
Green Line | 10 December 2019 | ||||
Gold Line | 21 November 2019 | ||||
Hamad International Airport Shuttle | 2014 | DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car | |||
Saudi Arabia | Princess Nora bint Abdul Rahman University Automated People Mover | 2012 | AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS DTG | [28] | |
Singapore | Changi Airport Skytrain | 1990 | Kyosan APM | [m] | |
Light Rail Transit (Singapore) | Bukit Panjang LRT line | 6 November 1999 | Bombardier CITYFLO 550 | ||
Sengkang LRT line | 18 January 2003 | Kyosan APM | |||
Punggol LRT line | 29 January 2005 | ||||
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) | North East MRT line | 20 June 2003 | Alstom Urbalis 300 | [n][o] | |
Circle MRT line | 28 May 2009 | ||||
Downtown MRT line | 22 December 2013 | Siemens Trainguard Sirius CBTC | |||
North South MRT line | 2017[30] | Thales Seltrac® Convergence CBTC[31] | |||
East West MRT line | 18 June 2017 (Tuas West extension) 28 May 2018 (whole line)[30] | ||||
Thomson–East Coast MRT line | 31 January 2020[32] | Alstom Urbalis 400 | |||
South Korea | Busan-Gimhae Light Rail Transit | 9 September 2011 | SelTrac | ||
Busan Metro | Line 4 | 30 March 2011 | |||
Daegu Metro | Line 3 | 23 April 2015 | |||
Incheon Airport Maglev | 3 February 2016 | ||||
Incheon Airport Shuttle train | 20 June 2008 | ||||
Incheon Subway | Line 2 | 30 July 2016 | SelTrac | ||
Seoul Light Rapid Transit | U Line | 1 July 2012 | VAL system | ||
Everline | 26 April 2013 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
Ui LRT | 2 September 2017 | ||||
Gimpo Goldline | 28 September 2019 | Nippon Signal SPARCS | |||
Seoul Metropolitan Subway | Shinbundang Line | 28 October 2011 | SelTrac | ||
Wolmi Sea Train | 8 October 2019 | Urbanaut | |||
Taiwan | Taichung Metro | Green Line | 25 April 2021 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | |
Taipei Metro | Wenhu Line | 28 March 1996 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | [p][q] | |
Circular Line | 31 January 2020 | AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTC | Currently operated with attendant on-board [28] | ||
Taoyuan International Airport Skytrain | 18 January 2003 | ||||
Thailand | BTS Skytrain | Gold Line | 16 December 2020 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |
Turkey | Istanbul Metro | Line M5 | 15 September 2017 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | [r][33] |
United Arab Emirates | Dubai International Airport Automated People Mover | Terminal 1 APM | 2016 | ||
Terminal 3 APM | January 2013 | ||||
Dubai Metro | Red Line | 9 September 2009 | SelTrac | [s] | |
Green Line | 9 September 2011 | ||||
Dubai Tram | 11 November 2014 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | |||
Palm Jumeirah Monorail | 30 April 2009 |
GoA4 – Europe
GoA4 – Oceania
Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Australia | Pilbara railways | Rio Tinto iron ore trains from Roy Hill | 28 December 2018 | Hitachi AutoHaul | [w] |
Sydney Metro | North West Line | 26 May 2019 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | [x] |
Notes
- ^ With train captains monitoring in cab
- ^ With train captains monitoring in cab
- ^ UTO system jointly developed by Thales Group and Shanghai Electric.[2]
- ^ Previously operated in manual mode
- ^ A supervisor is monitoring the train in the cab
- ^ To be converted to GoA4
- ^ With train captains monitoring in cab.
- ^ Rebuilt in 1981
- ^ Rebuilt in 2016
- ^ This railroad is GoA2 capable, able to run a train without any person on board for the entire trip out to the Four Corners Generating Station and back to the mines.[citation needed]
- ^ UTO system jointly developed by Thales Group and Shanghai Electric.[18]
- ^ With train attendants to drive trains in the event of a disruption.
- ^ Original system opened in 1990; upgraded to current system in 2006.
- ^ The largest fully automated rapid transit network in the world with 202.4 km (125.8 mi) of automated rail lines.[29] Trains may have an attendant on board. Only North South line and East West line has driving cabins.
- ^ North South and East West lines were converted from a lower GoA to a higher GoA
- ^ Previously used VAL
- ^ System started with an attendant on board each train full-time. Gradually over time, the presence of attendants decreased. By September 2017, trains have attendants only while in long tunnel sections.
- ^ On the Asian side of Istanbul
- ^ Red Line at 52.1 km (32.4 mi). The longest driverless network in the Middle East.
- ^ a b c Converted from manual to automated operation
- ^ Rubber-tyred trains controlled by a system known as MAGGALY (Métro Automatique à Grand Gabarit de l'Agglomération Lyonnaise).
- ^ First fully automatic metro in Italy. First section opened for the 2006 Winter Olympics, completed in 2014.
- ^ The Rio Tinto Group "AutoHaul" system on its iron ore railways in the Pilbara.[37] This system is GoA 4 capable, able to run trains without a single person aboard for the entire trip out to the mines and back to the port. In October 2017 the first fully autonomous test took place over a 100 kilometres (62 mi) section.[38] The group was granted accreditation by Australia's Office of the National Rail Safety Regulator, approving the autonomous operation of iron ore trains in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.[39]
- ^ First completely driverless metro line in Australia.
References
- ^ "Thales Awarded Signalling Contract for News Salvador Metro". Thales Group. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
- ^ Briginshaw, David. "Shanghai awards contract for first automated metro line". Retrieved 2018-05-21.
- ^ a b "上海5号线TSTCBTC®2.0信号系统成功通过载客运营考核评审 – TST". www.thalessec.com.cn. Retrieved 2021-03-02.
- ^ "卡斯柯100%全自主信号护航 上海轨道交通17号线开通载客运营". www.casco.com.cn. Retrieved 2019-09-10.
- ^ "武汉地铁进入全自动驾驶时代 5号线有望"尝鲜"" [Wuhan Metro enters the fully driverless era: Line 5 could have "early preview"]. Chutian Metropolis Daily. 16 May 2018. Retrieved 19 February 2019 – via China News Service.
- ^ "Sofia metro line 3 to open in October 2019". The Sofia Globe. 2019-02-12. Retrieved 2019-07-04.
- ^ "Relatório de Empreendimentos - Julho/2022". Metrô. 2022. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
- ^ "ViaQuatro ganha Prêmio UITP Latino" (in Portuguese).
- ^ "Evergreen Extension opening today". 2 December 2016.
- ^ "Beijing welcome significant expansion of their urban rail network". Intelligent Transport. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
- ^ "建设运营 北京地铁大兴机场线下月底开通". 2019-08-30.
- ^ Ltd, DVV Media International. "Chengdu driverless metro contracts awarded". Metro Report. Archived from the original on 2018-07-04. Retrieved 2018-05-21.
- ^ 新浪新闻综合 (2021-03-19). "明日暂不通车!济南地铁2号线预计3月下旬开始初期运营". news.sina.com.cn. Retrieved 2021-12-29.
- ^ "南宁地铁5号线开通!华南地区首条全自动运行地铁". gx.people.com.cn. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
- ^ "宁波轨道交通5号线一期12月28日10点开通运营". www.bl.gov.cn. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
- ^ "Urbalis 888国产化列车运行控制系统解决方案". 2019-03-08. Archived from the original on 2019-03-08. Retrieved 2021-06-06.
- ^ "上海地铁10号线列车驾驶室接连拆除,发生了什么?". sh.people.com.cn. Retrieved 2021-06-06.
- ^ Briginshaw, David. "Shanghai awards contract for first automated metro line". Retrieved 2018-05-21.
- ^ "上海地铁14、15、18号线将全部采用无人驾驶" [Shanghai Metro Lines 14, 15 and 18 will all be unmanned]. Kanxsw.com. 10 October 2018. Retrieved 2018-11-03.
- ^ "上海轨道交通14、15、18号线将全部实现无人驾驶". 上海国际轨道交通展览会 (in Simplified Chinese). Retrieved 2020-04-21.
- ^ "CASCO Wins the Bids for Shenzhen Metro Line 20 Phase I and Nantong Rail Transit Line 2 Phase I". CASCO Signal Ltd. Retrieved 2020-08-23.
- ^ "Siemens Mobility to install CBTC system on two Chinese metro lines". Railway Pro. Retrieved 2020-08-23.
- ^ 中国新闻网 (2021-12-28). "天津地铁首条全自动运行线路开通 智慧车站示范站亮相津门". finance.sina.com.cn. Retrieved 2021-12-29.
- ^ ""武汉造"全自动无人驾驶地铁列车来啦!不设驾驶室,还有这些"高精尖"_首页武汉_新闻中心_长江网_cjn.cn". news.cjn.cn. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
- ^ "南港島線無人駕駛列車 職員長駐隨時應急". 東方日報 Oriental Daily. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
- ^ Rajput, Abhinav (April 28, 2016). "South Delhi-Noida direct Metro connectivity by August". HT Media Limited. Hindustan Times. Retrieved 10 May 2016.
- ^ "Taipa line of the Macau light railway starts operating". Macauhub. 10 December 2019. Retrieved 2019-12-31.
- ^ a b c d e f Betis, Alexander; Torre, Marino; Ghiorzo, Alessandro; Del Gaudio, Giovanni (2017-04-06). "LA LINEA M4 DI MILANO: APPROFONDIAMO GLI ASPETTI TECNICI L'evoluzione del sistema di automazione dalla M5 alla M4, evoluzione e non rivoluzione" (PDF). CIFI (in Italian). Collegio Ingegneri Ferroviari Italiani. p. 18. Retrieved 2022-03-13.
- ^ Briginshaw, David (July 20, 2016). "Automated metros set to reach 2200km by 2025". International Railway Journal. Retrieved February 9, 2018.
- ^ a b "All MRT lines now on new signalling system". The Straits Times. 2018-05-29. Retrieved 2019-07-06.
- ^ TODAY Online (April 13, 2017). "doors open and close automatically under the new system-Gov.sg". gov.sg. Retrieved February 9, 2018.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "First three stations of Thomson-East Coast Line to begin service on Jan 31; free travel for commuters for three days". The Straits Times. 2019-12-11. Retrieved 2019-12-31.
- ^ UK, DVV Media. "Erdoğan opens first driverless metro line in Istanbul". Metro Report. Archived from the original on 2018-11-23. Retrieved 2017-12-23.
- ^ "Munich Airport streaks ahead of Berlin with driverless trains". www.thelocal.de. 2016-02-22. Retrieved 2019-10-11.
- ^ Railway Gazette International May 2014, pg 15.
- ^ "Marconi Express 2020 in Operation". Intamin Transportation. 2021-02-08. Retrieved 2022-03-13.
- ^ "Rio Tinto has confirmed that it is on track to completely transition to driverless trains across its entire Pilbara operation by the end of 2018". iseekplant.com.au. July 20, 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
- ^ "Rio Tinto operates first fully-autonomous test train". Railway Gazette. October 2, 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
- ^ Ltd, DVV Media International. "Rio Tinto's automated trains approved". Railway Gazette. Retrieved 2018-05-23.
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