List of Viola species
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This is a list of species in the plant genus Viola, often known as violets or pansies.
Viola is the largest genus in the family Violaceae, containing between 525 and 600 species.[1][2]
Streptocarpus sect. Saintpaulia (African violets) and Erythronium dens-canis (dogtooth violet) are not closely related to the true violas.
List
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Species include:
- Viola abyssinica
- Viola acuminata – acuminate violet
- Viola adunca – hookedspur violet, western dog violet
- Viola aetolica
- Viola affinis – sand violet
- Viola alba – white violet
- Viola albanica
- Viola allchariensis – alšar violet
- Viola alpina
- Viola altaica
- Viola angustifolia[3][4]
- Viola appalachiensis – Appalachian violet
- Viola arborescens
- Viola arsenica
- Viola arvensis – field pansy, European field pansy
- Viola aurea – golden violet
- Viola babunensis – Babuna's violet
- Viola bakeri – Baker's violet
- Viola banksii – Banks' violet
- Viola beckwithii – Beckwith's violet, Great Basin violet
- Viola bertolonii
- Viola betonicifolia – showy violet, mountain violet
- Viola bicolor – field pansy
- Viola biflora – yellow wood violet, twoflower violet, arctic yellow violet
- Viola blanda – sweet white violet, Willdenow's violet
- Viola bornmuelleri – Bornmüller's violet
- Viola brevistipulata – short stipule violet
- Viola brittoniana – northern coastal violet, coast violet
- Viola calaminaria – yellow calamine violet
- Viola calcarata
- Viola caleyana
- Viola californica – California violet
- Viola canadensis – Canadian white violet, Canada violet
- Viola canescens
- Viola canina – dog violet, European heath dog violet
- Viola cazorlensis
- Viola cenisia
- Viola chaerophylloides
- Viola chamissoniana – olopu
- Viola changii[5]
- Viola charlestonensis – Charleston mountain violet
- Viola cheiranthifolia – Teide violet
- Viola chinensis – China violet
- Viola cleistogamoides
- Viola collina – hill violet
- Viola comollia
- Viola cornuta – horned pansy, horned violet, Johnny-jump-up, bedding pansy
- Viola corsica
- Viola crassa
- Viola cucullata – marsh blue violet
- Viola cuicochensis
- Viola culminis
- Viola cuneata – wedgeleaf violet
- Viola cunninghamii
- Viola curtisii
- Viola declinata
- Viola decumbens
- Viola delphinantha
- Viola diffusa – spreading violet
- Viola dissecta
- Viola douglasii – Douglas' golden violet
- Viola dubyana
- Viola dukadjinica
- Viola egglestonii – glade violet
- Viola elatior
- Viola elegantula
- Viola eminens
- Viola epipsila – dwarf marsh violet, large marsh violet
- Viola eugeniae
- Viola fimbriatula – fringed violet
- Viola flettii – Olympic violet, rock violet
- Viola frank-smithii – Frank-Smith's violet
- Viola fuscoviolacea
- Viola glabella – pioneer violet, stream violet
- Viola gostivarensis – Gostivar violet
- Viola gracilis
- Viola grisebachiana
- Viola grypoceras
- Viola guadalupensis – Guadalupe violet
- Viola guangzhouensis[6]
- Viola guestphalica – calamine violet
- Viola hallii – Oregon violet
- Viola hastata - halberd-leaf yellow violet
- Viola hederacea – Australian violet, trailing violet
- Viola helenae – Wahiawa stream violet
- Viola herzogi – Herzog violet
- Viola hirsutula – southern woodland violet
- Viola hirta – hairy violet
- Viola hispida – Rouen pansy
- Viola howellii – Howell's violet
- Viola incisa
- Viola incognita – large-leaved white violet
- Viola japonica – Japanese violet
- Viola jinggangshanensis[1]
- Viola jooi – Carpathian violet, Transylvanian violet
- Viola kauaensis – pohe hiwa
- Viola keiskei
- Viola kitaibeliana – dwarf pansy
- Viola kosaninii – Košanin violet
- Viola labradorica – alpine violet, Labrador violet
- Viola lactea – pale dog violet
- Viola lanaiensis – Hawaii violet
- Viola lanceolata – bog white violet
- Viola langsdorffii – Aleutian violet, Alaska violet
- Viola libanotica
- Viola lilliputana – Lilliputian violet
- Viola lithion – rock violet
- Viola littoralis
- Viola lobata – moosehorn violet, yellow wood violet, pine violet
- Viola lutea – mountain pansy
- Viola lyallii – Haaka [7]
- Viola macloskeyi – small white violet, western sweet white violet
- Viola mandshurica – Fuji dawn
- Viola maoershanensis[8]
- Viola maviensis – Hawaii bog violet
- Viola mirabilis – wonder violet
- Viola missouriensis – Missouri violet, banded violet
- Viola montana
- Viola muliensis[9]
- Viola munbyana
- Viola nanlingensis[2]
- Viola nephrophylla – northern bog violet
- Viola nitida[8]
- Viola novae-angliae – New England blue violet
- Viola nuttallii – Nuttall's violet, yellow prairie violet
- Viola oahuensis – Oahu violet
- Viola obliqua – marsh blue violet
- Viola obtusa – blunt violet
- Viola ocellata – pinto violet, two-eyed violet
- Viola odorata – sweet violet
- Viola orbiculata – darkwoods violet, western round-leaved violet
- Viola orientalis
- Viola orphanidis
- Viola palmata – crowfoot violet, early blue violet, palmate violet (edible leaves and flowers)[10]
- Viola palustris – marsh violet, alpine marsh violet
- Viola patrinii – stemless violet
- Viola pedata – birdfoot violet, crowfoot violet
- Viola pedatifida – prairie violet, prairie birdfoot violet
- Viola pedunculata – California golden violet, grass pansy, yellow pansy
- Viola persicifolia (syn. V. stagnina) – fen violet
- Viola pinetorum – goosefoot violet
- Viola pinnata – pinnate violet
- Viola praemorsa – canary violet
- Viola primulifolia – primrose-leaf violet
- Viola prionantha
- Viola psychodes – butterfly violet
- Viola pubescens – downy yellow violet
- Viola pumila – meadow violet
- Viola purpurea – goosefoot violet
- Viola pyrenaica (Ramond ex DC.)
- Viola rafinesquei – field pansy
- Viola reichenbachiana – early dog violet, slender wood violet
- Viola reichei – Reiche violet, Patagonian yellow violet, Chilean yellow violet
- Viola renifolia – northern white violet, kidney-leaved white violet
- Viola riviniana – common dog violet
- Viola rostrata – longspur violet
- Viola rotundifolia – eastern roundleaf yellow violet, early yellow violet
- Viola rupestris – Teesdale violet, rock violet
- Viola sagittata – arrowleaf violet
- Viola schariensis – Šar mountain violet
- Viola selkirkii – northern violet, Selkirk's violet
- Viola sempervirens – evergreen violet, redwood violet
- Viola septemloba – southern coastal violet
- Viola septentrionalis – northern woodland violet, northern blue violet
- Viola sheltonii – Shelton's violet
- Viola sieberiana
- Viola silicestris
- Viola slavikii – Kruševo violet
- Viola sororia – woolly blue violet
- Viola stipularis
- Viola stojanowii
- Viola stoloniflora
- Viola striata – striped violet, striped cream violet, pale violet
- Viola suavis – Russian violet
- Viola subsinuata – wavy-leaf violet
- Viola tokubuchiana
- Viola tomentosa – feltleaf violet
- Viola tricolor – wild pansy, heart's-ease, Johnny-jump-up
- Viola triloba – three-lobed violet
- Viola trinervata – Rainier violet, sagebrush violet
- Viola tripartita – threepart violet
- Viola ucriana
- Viola uliginosa – swamp violet[11]
- Viola umbraticola – Ponderosa violet
- Viola utahensis – Utah violet
- Viola vaginata – sheathed violet
- Viola valderia
- Viola vallicola – valley violet
- Viola variegata
- Viola verecunda – hidden violet
- Viola viarum – twoflower violet, plains violet, wayside violet
- Viola villosa – Carolina violet, hairy violet, wrinkled violet
- Viola violacea
- Viola wailenalenae – Alakai swamp violet
- Viola walteri – prostrate blue violet, prostrate southern violet
- Viola yedoensis (syn. Viola philippica var. philippica) – Chinese violet[12]
Hybrids
Known hybrids in genus Viola include:
A Viola × wittrockiana cultivar
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- Viola × bernardii – Bernard's violet
- Viola × bissellii – Bissell's violet
- Viola × brauniae – Braun's violet
- Viola × conjugens
- Viola × consobrina
- Viola × consocia
- Viola × cooperrider
- Viola × cordifolia
- Viola × davisii – Davis' violet
- Viola × eamesii – Eames' violet
- Viola × eclipes
- Viola × filicetorum
- Viola × hollickii – Hollick's violet
- Viola × insolita
- Viola × luciae – Lucy's violet
- Viola × malteana
- Viola × mistura
- Viola × modesta
- Viola × mollicula
- Viola × mulfordiae – Mulford's violet
- Viola × notabilis
- Viola × peckiana – Peck's violet
- Viola × porteriana – Porter's violet
- Viola × primulifolia
- Viola × ravida
- Viola × redacta
- Viola × ryoniae – Ryon's violet
- Viola × slavinii – Slavin's violet
- Viola × wittrockiana – pansy, garden pansy
- Viola × wujekii
References
- ^ a b Ning, Z. L., et al. (2012). Viola jinggangshanensis (Violaceae), a new species from Jiangxi, China. Annales Botanici Fennici 49(5) 383-86.
- ^ a b Zhou, J. S., et al. (2008). Viola nanlingensis (Violaceae), a new species from Guangdong, southern China. Annales Botanici Fennici 45(3) 233-36.
- ^ Watson, J.M. (2019). "Lest we forget. A new identity and status for a Viola of section Andinium W. Becker; named for an old and treasured friend and companion. Plus another..." (PDF). International Rock Gardener (117). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-10-01. Retrieved 2019-10-01.
- ^ "Viola wikipedia". International Plant Names Index. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
- ^ Zhou, J. S. and F. W. Xing. (2007). Viola changii sp. nov.(Violaceae) from Guangdong, southern China.[permanent dead link] Nordic Journal of Botany 25(5‐6) 303-05. DOI: 10.1111/j.0107-055X.2008.00198.x
- ^ Anqiang, D., et al. (2009). A new species of Viola (Violaceae) from Guangdong, China. Novon 19(4) 457-60.
- ^ New Zealand Plant Conservation Network – Viola lyallii
- ^ a b Chen, Y. S. and Q. E. Yang. (2009). Two new stoloniferous species of Viola (Violaceae) from China. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 159(2) 349-56.
- ^ Chen, Y. S. and Q. E. Yang. (2005). A new species of Viola L.(Violaceae) from Sichuan, China. Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 149(3) 365-68. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2005.00447.x
- ^ Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009) [1982]. Edible Wild Plants: A North American Field Guide to Over 200 Natural Foods. New York: Sterling. p. 116. ISBN 978-1-4027-6715-9. OCLC 244766414.
- ^ Slazak, B., Sliwinska, E., Saługa, M. et al. Micropropagation of Viola uliginosa (Violaceae) for endangered species conservation and for somaclonal variation-enhanced cyclotide biosynthesis. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 120, 179–190 (2015). doi.org/10.1007/s11240-014-0592-3
- ^ "Viola yedoensis". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 21 January 2018.