List of Lithuanian-language periodicals (up to 1904)
This list of Lithuanian-language periodicals includes periodical publications (newspapers, magazines) that were published up to 1904 when the Lithuanian press ban was lifted in Lithuania Proper (then part of the Russian Empire). The periodicals were printed mostly in Lithuania Minor (then part of East Prussia, German Empire) and by the Lithuanian Americans in the United States. Some publications published in Prussia were intended for Prussian Lithuanians, the local Lithuanian-speaking minority. Others were intended for Lithuanians in Russia and were smuggled by Lithuanian book smugglers across the Prussia–Russia border.
Publications
The list is sorted in chronological order. The periodicals that lasted for five years or longer are highlighted with darker background. The publication dates, where known and available, are given in the ISO date format YYYY-MM-DD.
# | Title (modern spelling) | Translated title | Published in | Country | From | To | Short description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Nusidavimai Dievo karalystėje | News in the Kingdom of God | Königsberg (Kaliningrad) | German Empire | 1823 | 1824/1825 | A translation of German Königsberger Missionsblatt edited by Hermann Olshausen and published by the Evangelical Missionary Society of Königsberg. It reported on Evangelical missions to Asia and Africa.[1] |
2 | Nusidavimai apie evangelijos prasiplatinimą tarp žydų ir pagonių | Stories about the Propagation of the Gospel among the Jews and the Pagans | Königsberg (Kaliningrad) | German Empire | 1832 | 1914 | Revival of Nusidavimai Dievo karalystėje. It mainly published translated texts from Königsberger Missionsblatt.[2] |
3 | Lietuvininkų prietelis | The Friend of Lithuanians | Memel (Klaipėda) | German Empire | 1849-04-05 | 1849-12-28 | A Protestant weekly published and edited by priest Rudolf Andreas Zippel.[3] In total, 38 issues were published (circulation 200 copies). They were four pages in length and mostly covered European news.[4] |
4 | Keleivis | Traveler | Königsberg (Kaliningrad) | German Empire | 1849-07-02 | 1880-02 | A weekly newspaper edited by the linguist Friedrich Kurschat and sponsored by the German government. Kurschat sold the newspaper to Adomas Einoras who established Naujasis keleivis which was later replaced by Tilžės keleivis.[5] |
5 | Lietuviškas prielaiškas | The Lithuanian Supplement | Tilsit (Sovetsk) | German Empire | 1850-01 | 1850-03 | Published by teacher Mauras Pucas as a supplement to the German liberal newspapers Dorfzeitung für Preußen and Die Freie Gemeinde. The publication ceased after seven issues when the German police confiscated the last issue. Pucas was forced to emigrate to the United States.[6][7] |
6 | Šilokarčiamos apsakymas | Report of Šilokarčiama | Heydekrug (Šilutė) | German Empire | 1861-04-12 | 1862-03-31 | A bilingual German–Lithuanian weekly (German: Heydekruger Anzeiger) until issue 31 when it became only a German newspaper.[8] |
7 | Lietuviškas laiškas | Lithuanian Letter | Insterburg (Chernyakhovsk) | German Empire | 1862 | 1862 | A newspaper published by German democrats (editor F. Hagen) and aimed against the conservative Keleivis. Mykolas Biržiška believed that it was not a separate publication, but a different name of Lietuvininkų paslas.[9] |
8 | Lietuvininkų paslas savo broliams šviežiausių naujienų pranešąs | The Lithuanian Envoy Bringing the Freshest News to His Brothers | Heydekrug (Šilutė) | German Empire | 1863-02 | 1864 | A weekly newspaper established by the German Progress Party in connection with the elections to the Landtag of Prussia. It was edited by Friedrich Wilhelm Siebert. In total, 97 or 98 issues were printed.[10][4] |
9 | Žinia apie lenkų vainą su maskoliais | News About the Polish War with the Muscovites | Insterburg? (Chernyakhovsk) | German Empire | 1864-02-01 | 1864-03-01 | A bilingual Polish–Lithuanian newsletter of the rebels during the Uprising of 1863 (Polish: Wiadomości o naszej wojnie z Moskalami). Only two issues were published. The Lithuanian text was edited by Mikalojus Akelaitis.[11] |
10 | Pasiuntinystės laiškelis arba bitelė ant pasiuntinystės lauko | Letter of the Mission or A Little Bee in the Missionary Field | Memel (Klaipėda) | German Empire | 1875 | 1906 | An irregular publication (frequency varied from twice a month to once a year) by the Lutherans. It was established by Johann Ferdinand Kelch and edited by Mikelis Kybelka (1877–1906). It was replaced by Pasiuntinystės knygelės in October 1907.[12][13] |
11 | Kalvis melagis | Blacksmith the Liar | St. Petersburg | Russian Empire | 1875-12-01 | 1876-03-01 | A secret handwritten newspaper of Lithuanian students launched by Petras Vileišis. In total, about 10 issues were published.[14][15] |
12 | Lietuviška ceitunga | The Lithuanian Newspaper | Memel (Klaipėda) | German Empire | 1877 | 1940 | A pro-German newspaper established by Martynas Šernius (Martin Szernus), who was its editor until 1905, and Heinrich Holz. The newspaper was published once a week, then bi-weekly (1900–1913), three times a week (1913–1932), and daily (1932–1940).[16][17] In 1896–1900, it published 38 issues of supplement Laukininko pretelius.[18] This supplement was replaced by ten issues of Lietuvos ūkininkas (The Farmer of Lithuania).[19] |
13 | Ligonių prietelius | The Friend of the Ill | German Empire | 1879 | 1897 | An annual medical publication first edited by Eduardas Gizevijus and later by members of the Lithuanian Literary Society.[20] | |
14 | Gazieta lietuviška | The Lithuanian Newspaper | New York, NY | United States | 1879-08-16 | 1880-01 | The first Lithuanian newspaper in the United States was established by Mykolas Tvarauskas . It was a Catholic newspaper that supported the traditions of the historical union between Poland and Lithuania. Between 12 and 16 issues were published.[21] It had 132 subscribers. In 1891, Tvarauskas attempted to reestablish the newspaper as New Yorko gazieta lietuviška.[22] |
15 | Tiesos prietelius | The Friend of Truth | Prökuls (Priekulė) | German Empire | 1879/1880 | 1882 | A Lutheran weekly newspaper edited and published by Jurgis Traušys. It published supplements Lekiantieji laiškai rytprūsiškos konservatyvų draugystės (1 February 1881 to 21 February 1882) and Pasiuntinystės nusidavimai. It was replaced by Konservatyvų draugystės laiškas.[23][24] |
16 | Konzervatyvų draugystės laiškas | The Letter of the Conservative Society | Prökuls (Priekulė) | German Empire | 1880 | 1918 | Original spelling of the title: Konzerwatywu draugystēs laiszkas. It was published by the Lithuanian Conservative Election Societies weekly and from 1898 twice a week. In 1886–1918, it published a supplement Keleivis.[25] |
17 | Naujasis keleivis | The New Traveler | Memel (Klaipėda) | German Empire | 1880-03-28 | 1883-03-30 | Established by Adomas Einoras, the weekly newspaper replaced Keleivis. It was replaced by Tilžės keleivis.[26] The newspaper published 18 issues of supplement Gaspadorystės laiškas (The Farming Letter) in 1882.[27] |
18 | Pakajaus paslas | Envoy of Peace | Memel (Klaipėda) | German Empire | 1881 | 1939 | A bilingual German–Lithuanian publication by the Lutherans published in Memel (Klaipėda), Friedland (Pravdinsk), and Heydekrug (Šilutė).[28] |
19 | Lietuva | Lithuania | Kaunas | Russian Empire | 1883 | 1883 | A handwritten newsletter edited by Adomas Jakštas while he was a student at the Kaunas Priest Seminary. In total, four issues appeared before it was forbidden by Antanas Baranauskas, rector of the seminary.[29] |
20 | Aušra | Dawn | Ragnit (Neman) | German Empire | 1883 | 1886 | The first monthly Lithuanian periodical aimed at the Lithuanians under the Russian rule. It was a key development in the Lithuanian National Revival. The first five issues were printed in Ragnit, others in Tilsit. In total, 40 issues were published in 29 physical booklets (two or three volumes were often combined into a single booklet).[30] |
21 | Tilžės keleivis | The Traveler of Tilsit | Tilsit (Sovetsk) | German Empire | 1883 | 1924 | A newspaper that replaced Naujasis keleivis. It was edited by Jurgis Arnašius (1893–1897, 1899–1924).[31] In 1898–1911, it published a weekly supplement Keleivio draugas (The Friend of the Traveler).[32] |
22 | Žinių nešėjas | Carrier of News | St. Petersburg | Russian Empire | 1884 | 1885 | A secret hectographed newsletter published by Lithuanian students Jonas Beržanskis , Rokas Šliūpas, Povilas Matulionis , Juozas Skrupskelis. In total, about 10 issues were published.[33][34][35] |
23 | Lietuviškas politiškas laikraštis | Lithuanian Political Newspaper | Ragnit (Neman) | German Empire | 1884-01 | 1886-12 | A liberal political newspaper first published in Ragnit and later in Königsberg by Kristupas Kibelka. At the end of 1885, it was renamed to Žiūronas (Binoculars). In total, 140 issues were published.[36] |
24 | Niamuno sargas | Guardian of the Neman | Ragnit (Neman) | German Empire | 1884-09-26 | 1887-06-30 | A weekly publication first published in Ragnit and then in Tilsit. It was printed in the Gothic script and published by Jurgis Mikšas, Julius Siebert, Ernestas Vejeris (Ernst Weyer). In total, 39 issues were published.[37][38] |
25 | Unija | Union | New York, NY | United States | 1884-10-26 | 1885-04-25 | A newspaper established by Mykolas Tvarauskas and Jonas Šliūpas. Its name referenced the historical union between Poland and Lithuania. In total, 33 issues were published.[39] |
26 | Lietuviškasis balsas | The Lithuanian Voice | New York, NY | United States | 1885-07-02 | 1889-02 | A newspaper published by Jonas Šliūpas in New York and Shenandoah, Pennsylvania. In total, 96 issues were published.[40] |
27 | Garsas | The Sound | Tilsit (Sovetsk) | German Empire | 1886 | 1887 | A patriotic monthly newspaper that was supposed to replace the discontinued Aušra. It was published by Martynas Jankus. In total, 11 issues appeared.[41] |
28 | Vienybė lietuvninkų | The Unity of Lithuanians | Plymouth, PA | United States | 1886 | 1920 | A weekly newspaper first published in Plymouth and later in New York. Its editors and political orientation changed frequently, from conservative Catholicism to socialism. It was replaced by Vienybė published until 1985.[42][43] |
29 | Želmuo | The Shoot | Chicago, IL | United States | 1887 | 1887 | A liberal newspaper published by Jonas Grinius. Only four issues appeared.[44] |
30 | Liuteronas | The Lutheran | Tilsit (Sovetsk) | German Empire | 1887 | 1888 | A religious newspaper published twice a week.[45] |
31 | Šviesa | The Light | Tilsit (Sovetsk) | German Empire | 1887-08 | 1890-08 | A Catholic monthly newspaper.[46] |
32 | Saulė | The Sun | Mahanoy City, PA | United States | 1888 | 1959 | A conservative weekly and later twice-weekly. It became a monthly in 1904. It was similar to a tabloid and used archaic language, spelling, and orthography. It published entertainment supplements Linksmi vakarai (The Fun Evenings; 1889–1890) and Linksma valanda (The Fun Hour, 1899–1910).[47][48] |
33 | Žemaičių ir Lietuvos apžvalga | Review of Samogitia and Lithuania | Tilsit (Sovetsk) | German Empire | 1889-10 | 1896 | A fiercely pro-Catholic and anti-Russian newspaper published every two weeks and later monthly. In total, 154 issues appeared.[49] |
34 | Varpas | The Bell | Tilsit (Sovetsk) | German Empire | 1889-12-10 | 1905 | A monthly newspaper of politics, literature, science first published in Tilsit and later in Ragnit. It was the major periodical of the Lithuanian National Revival.[50][51] |
35 | Naujos žinios | The New News | Ragnit (Neman) | German Empire | 1889-12-11 | 1890-03-26 | A weekly newspaper published by Kristupas Voska in connection with an election campaign by the Lithuanian Conservative Election Societies. In total, 15 issues were published.[52] |
36 | Kentėjimo gromata | The Letter of Suffering | Neuruppin | German Empire | 1890 | 1890 | A small religious publication.[53] |
37 | Knapt | Sejny | Congress Poland | 1890 | 1891 | A secret handwritten newsletter published by Lithuanian clerics at the Sejny Priest Seminary. It was later renamed to Visko po biški (A Little of Everything) and Viltis (The Hope). It was organized and edited by Pranciškus Būčys.[54] | |
38 | Ūkininkas | The Farmer | Ragnit (Neman) | German Empire | 1890 | 1905 | A monthly newspaper geared towards farmers published by the editorial staff of Varpas in Ragnit and later Tilsit.[55] |
39 | Nauja lietuviška ceitunga | The New Lithuanian Newspaper | Tilsit (Sovetsk) | German Empire | 1890-11-29 | 1923 | It was published twice a week (until 1910) and later three times a week. It was edited by Mikelis Kiošis. In 1896–1922, it published a weekly supplement Kaimynas (The Neighbor).[56] |
40 | Alyvų lapai iš žemės amžino pakajaus | The Olive Branch from the Eternal Peace of the World | Prökuls (Priekulė) | German Empire | 1891 | 1893 | A religious weekly that was briefly resurrected in 1926.[57] |
41 | Tetutė | Auntie | Tilsit (Sovetsk) | German Empire | 1891 | 1893 | The first satirical newspaper in Lithuanian. It was published and edited by Martynas Jankus in Tilsit and Bittehnen. It appeared irregularly. In total, 13 issues were published.[58] |
42 | New Yorko gazeta lietuviška | Lithuanian Newspaper of New York | New York, NY | United States | 1891-10-31 | 1892-05-07 | It was a weekly newspaper edited by Mykolas Tvarauskas. In total, 25 issues were published.[59] |
43 | Apšvieta | Enlightenment | Tilsit (Sovetsk) | German Empire | 1892 | 1893 | A monthly magazine of culture and literature published by the Lithuanian Scientific Society and edited by Jonas Šliūpas. In total, 15 issues were published.[60] |
44 | Nauja aušra | The New Dawn | Tilsit (Sovetsk) | German Empire | 1892-04 | 1892-04 | A single issue was edited by Martynas Jankus. It was an attempt to revive Aušra.[61][62] |
45 | Garsas | The Sound | Shenandoah, PA | United States | 1892-10-13 | 1894-08-31 | A liberal newspaper published by Tomas Astramskas . About 100 issues appeared. Due to financial difficulties, it was sold to a group of Lithuanian priests who established Garsas Amerikos lietuvių.[63] |
46 | Lietuva | Lithuania | Chicago, IL | United States | 1892-12-06 | 1920-05-08 | It was a weekly (daily in 1918–1920) liberal-democratic newspaper.[64] It was published by Antanas Olšauskas (1893–1917) and edited by Juozas Adomaitis-Šernas (1895–1917) and Bronius Kazys Balutis (1917–1919).[4] |
47 | Palemonas | Palemon | Nemunėlio Radviliškis | Russian Empire | 1893 | 1893 | A small hectographed newsletter published by a group of Lithuanian book smugglers and edited by cleric Julijonas Paliukas. In total, three issues were published.[65] |
48 | Lietuviškas darbininkas | The Lithuanian Worker | Bittehnen (Bitėnai) | German Empire | 1894 | 1894 | A liberal newspaper published every two weeks by Martynas Jankus. In total, 12 issues were published (circulation 500 copies).[66] |
49 | Ūkininkų prietelis | The Friend of Farmers | Bittehnen (Bitėnai) | German Empire | 1894 | 1894 | A weekly newspaper published by Martynas Jankus and edited by E. Misupovičius (Misupowiczias).[67] |
50 | Valtis | The Boat | Plymouth, PA | United States | 1894 | 1895 | A Catholic weekly published and edited by Aleksandras Burba .[68] |
51 | Nauja gadynė | The New Era | Mount Carmel, PA | United States | 1894-01-23 | 1896-06-02 | Established by Jonas Šliūpas, it was a newspaper of the freethinkers. Initially published in Mount Carmel, it later moved to Shenandoah, Pennsylvania, and Scranton, Pennsylvania, and was taken over by the Lithuanian Scientific Society. In total, 89 issues were published.[69] |
52 | Garsas Amerikos lietuvių | The Sound of Lithuanian Americans | Shenandoah, PA | United States | 1894-10-02 | 1899-08-03 | A Catholic newspaper established after a group of Lithuanian priests purchased Garsas.[70] Established in Shenandoah, it was later published in Minersville (1898) and Elizabeth (1898–1899). Its editors included Antanas Milukas. In total, about 190 issues appeared.[71] In 1897–1898, the newspaper published 11 issues of supplement Lietuviškas kningynas (The Lithuanian Library) which encouraged the establishment of Lithuanian libraries and bookstores.[17] At the same time, it also published supplement Pasaulė (The World) which republished material from newspapers.[72] |
53 | Perkūnas | The Thunder | Shenandoah, PA | United States | 1895 | 1895 | A satirical and humorous newspaper published by Antanas Astramskas.[73] |
54 | Bostono lietuviškas laikraštis | The Lithuanian Newspaper of Boston | Boston, MA | United States | 1895-11-01 | 1895-12-27 | A newspaper edited and mainly written by priest Juozapas Žebrys who purchased it, moved it to Waterbury, Connecticut, and established weekly Rytas.[74] In total, seven issues were published.[75] |
55 | Siberija | The Siberia | Brooklyn, NY | United States | 1896 | 1896 | A weekly newspaper published by Mykolas Tvarauskas.[76] |
56 | Kardas | The Sword | Baltimore, MD | United States | 1896 | 1898 | A weekly published by Lithuanian freethinkers. In total, 131 issues appeared. In 1898, it published a monthly supplement Galybė (The Might).[77] |
57 | Tėvynės sargas | The Guardian of the Homeland | Tilsit (Sovetsk) | German Empire | 1896 | 1904 | A catholic monthly newspaper edited by Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas and Antanas Milukas.[78] |
58 | Tėvynė | The Homeland | Plymouth, PA | United States | 1896 | present | A newspaper published in Plymouth, PA (1896–1899, monthly), Pittston, Pennsylvania (1900–1901, weekly), South Boston (1908), New York (1908–2001), Chicago (since 2006). It was not published in 1902–1907 and 2001–2006. It is published by the Lithuanian Alliance of America (Lithuanian: Susivienijimas lietuvių Amerikoje or SLA).[79][80] |
59 | Rytas | The Morning | Waterbury, CT | United States | 1896-02-17 | 1898-11-23 | A weekly newspaper established by priest Juozas Žebrys. When he left the parish, Petras Saurusaitis took over Rytas but quickly discontinued it and replaced it with Bažnyčios tarnas. In total, 46 issues were published.[81] |
60 | Lietuvos paslas | The Lithuanian Envoy | Tilsit (Sovetsk) | German Empire | 1896-04-01 | 1898-12-31 | A weekly newspaper published and edited by the linguist Friedrich Kurschat. from October 1897, it was published every two weeks.[82] |
61 | Lietuvos darbininkas | The Worker of Lithuania | Zürich | Switzerland | 1896-05-01 | 1899 | The first periodical of the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania. It was published in Lithuanian and Polish (Robotnik litewski). Three issues were published: first in Zürich, second in Tilsit, and third in Bittehnen.[83] |
62 | Pensilvanijos darbininkas | The Worker of Pennsylvania | Shenandoah, PA | United States | 1896-08 | 1898 | A socialist weekly newspaper known as Darbininkas (The Worker) from 1897. It was published and edited by Robertas Kuncmanas and Antanas Lalis.[84] |
63 | Aušra | The Dawn | Tilsit (Sovetsk) | German Empire | 1896-10-22 | 1899 | First published as the weekly Lietuviškasis laiškas (The Lithuanian Letter), it was renamed to Aušra published every two weeks in 1897. It was published and edited by Enzys Jagomastas . In total, 255 or 258 issues appeared.[85][86] In 1889–1890, it published 25 issues of the supplement Namų prietelis (The Friend of the Home) which printed many literary works of Lithuanian writers.[87] |
64 | Amerikos lietuvis | The Lithuanian American | Chicago, IL | United States | 1897 | 1897 | A weekly socialist newspaper that was edited by Jonas Grinius and Juozas Laukis. Only three issues were published.[88] |
65 | Baltasis erelis | The White Eagle | Gipkeliai | Russian Empire | 1897 | 1912 | A newspaper written and published by book smuggler Jurgis Bielinis. In total, three issues were published in 1897, 1911, and 1912. In 1897, Bielinis obtained a hand-powered printing press and published the only Lithuanian newspaper printed inside the Russian Empire.[89] |
66 | Vardas kataliko | The Name of a Catholic | Lapšiai | Russian Empire | 1897-10 | 1900 | A handwritten newsletter for the youth published by Petras Tumasonis.[90] |
67 | Skyrimo ceitunga Klaipėdos bei Šilokarčiamos kreizams | Newspaper for the Klaipėda and Šilokarčiama Districts | Memel (Klaipėda) | German Empire | 1898 | 1898 | Three issues of an electoral publication by the German progressive parties.[91] |
68 | Dirva | The Soil | Shenandoah, PA | United States | 1898 | 1906 | A quarterly cultural magazine edited by Antanas Milukas. In Lithuania, it was merged with Žinyčia, but continued to be printed as Dirva in the United States.[92] In total, 44 issues were published.[93] |
69 | Nauja draugija | The New Society | Baltimore, MD | United States | 1898-10-19 | 1899-05-19 | It supported socialist, anarchist, and freethought ideas. It lasted for 19 issues.[94] |
70 | Bažnyčios tarnas | The Servant of the Church | Waterbury, CT | United States | 1898-12 | 1904 | A newspaper published by priest Petras Saurusaitis instead of Rytas. It was a Catholic newspaper advocating teetotalism. Initially named Tarnas bažnyčios, it was renamed Bažnyčios tarnas in 1899 and published weekly. In 1901, it became a monthly.[95] |
71 | Aidas Lietuvos darbininkų gyvenimo | The Echo of the Lives of Lithuanian Workers | Bittehnen (Bitėnai) | German Empire | 1899 | 1899 | The first attempted publication by the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania. The first issue was translated from Polish by Kazys Grinius. Only two issues appeared.[96] |
72 | Viltis | The Hope | Shenandoah, PA | United States | 1899 | 1901 | A liberal workers' newspaper edited by Antanas Kaupas, Tomas Astramskas, Jonas Montvila, Vincas Šlekys (Stagaras).[97] |
73 | Katalikas | The Catholic | Chicago, IL | United States | 1899-01 | 1917-04 | A Catholic weekly (a daily in 1914–1916). It was edited by Petras Tumasonis-Brandukas in 1903–1910. Its editorial office published about a hundred Lithuanian books and musical works.[98][99] |
74 | Vaidelytė | Vaidilutė | Glasgow | United Kingdom | 1899-08-25 | 1899-11-17 | A Catholic newspaper published every two weeks by Jonas Montvila ir Vincas Varnagiris.[100] |
75 | Žiburys | The Beacon | Saint Petersburg | Russian Empire | 1900 | 1900 | A secret hectographed newsletter published by Kazimieras Būga and Povilas Paškonis. In total, two issues appeared.[101] |
76 | Žinyčia | The Treasury of Knowledge | Tilsit (Sovetsk) | German Empire | 1900 | 1904 | A cultural magazine established by Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas. After five issues, it was merged with Dirva published in the United States. Eight issues of the merged magazine Dirva-Žinynas were published.[102][93] |
77 | Saulėtaka | The Sunset | Bittehnen (Bitėnai) | German Empire | 1900-01-01 | 1902-01-15 | A monthly literary and political magazine published by Martynas Jankus. In total, 18 issues were printed.[103] |
78 | Kūrėjas | The Creator | Chicago, IL | United States | 1900-02-07 | 1900-06-14 | A weekly that supported freethought and anarchist ideas. About 20 issues were published by Domininkas Keliauninkas (pen name Juozas Laukis).[104] |
79 | Lietuvos sargas | The Guardian of Lithuania | London | United Kingdom | 1900-07-08 | 1900 | A pro-Russian newspaper published by Kazimieras Pilėnas in competition with priest Boleslovas Šlamas. Only one or two issues were published.[105] |
80 | Ateitis | The Future | Pittsburgh, PA | United States | 1900-09 | 1901-05 | A socialist and freethought newspaper edited by Domininkas Keliauninkas (J. Laukis) and Antanas Lalis.[106] |
81 | Šv. Kazimiero pasiuntinys | The Envoy of Saint Casimir | Pittsburgh, PA | United States | 1901 | 1901 | A monthly Catholic newspaper.[107] |
82 | Darbininkų balsas | The Voice of Workers | Tilsit (Sovetsk) | German Empire | 1901 | 1906 | A newspaper of the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania published in Tilsit and later Bittehnen. Edited by Augustinas Janulaitis, it was published every two months and monthly in 1905. In total, 36 issues appeared.[108] |
83 | Griausmas | Thunder | Philadelphia, PA | United States | 1901 | 1907 | It was edited by J. G. Baronas and published with interruptions.[109] |
84 | Ataskaita | The Report | United States | 1901 | 1910 | An official publication of the Lithuanian Alliance of America . In total, 32 issues were published.[110] | |
85 | Žvaigždė | The Star | New York, NY | United States | 1901 | 1944 | A Catholic newspaper published in New York (1901–1903), Shenandoah, Pennsylvania (1904–1909), and Philadelphia (1909–1944). It was published weekly (until 1923), monthly (1923–1926), and later quarterly. It was edited and published by Antanas Milukas (1903–1942) and Julė Pranaitytė (1943–1944).[111] |
86 | Naujienos | The News | Tilsit (Sovetsk) | German Empire | 1901-01 | 1903-12 | A liberal monthly newspaper published by the editorial staff of Varpas.[112] |
87 | Lietuvis | The Lithuanian | Philadelphia, PA | United States | 1901-03 | 1901-09 | A liberal weekly newspaper edited by Vincas Daukšys. In total, 25 issues were published.[113] |
88 | Darbininkas | The Worker | Chicago, IL | United States | 1902 | 1903 | A socialist magazine edited by Domininkas Keliauninkas and Antanas Lalis. Only two issues appeared.[114] |
89 | Biuletenis mielaširdystės darbo gelbėti dūšias apleistas čyščiuje | A Bulletin of the Compassionate Work to Save Souls Abandoned in Misery | La Chapelle-Montligeon | France | 1903 | 1903 | A bulletin translated by Julija Pranaitytė.[115] |
90 | Smarkininko krykštavimas | Cheers of a Hothead | Tilsit (Sovetsk) | German Empire | 1903 | 1903 | A small newspaper devoted to an anti-alcohol campaign.[116] |
91 | Iš gyvaties versmės | From the Fountain of Life | Tilsit (Sovetsk) | German Empire | 1903 | 1904 | A religious publication. In total, 11 issues were published.[117][118] |
92 | Kryžius | The Cross | Tilsit (Sovetsk) | German Empire | 1903 | 1904 | A Catholic monthly newspaper edited by priest J. Jasienskis.[119] |
93 | Juonuomenės draugas | The Friend of the Youth | Sejny | Congress Poland | 1903 | 1908 | A secret handwritten newsletter published by Lithuanian clerics at the Sejny Priest Seminary.[120] |
94 | Darbininkų viltis | The Hope of Workers | Shenandoah, PA | United States | 1903 | 1925 | A liberal newspaper published by Vincas Šlekys, Jurgis Gegužis, and others.[121] |
95 | Pasiuntinybės laiškas | Letter of the Mission | Tilsit (Sovetsk) | German Empire | 1903-10 | 1910-03 | A newspaper of Lithuanian baptists printed by Martynas Jankus and edited by Dovas Kalvaitis.[122] In total, 40 issues were published.[13] |
96 | Aušros žvaigždės spinduliai | The Rays of the Dawn Star | Memel (Klaipėda) | German Empire | 1903-12-05 | 1904-12-24 | A serialized publication of sermons by priest Jonas Pipiras.[123] |
97 | Spindulys | The Ray | Brooklyn, NY | United States | 1904 | 1907 | A liberal weekly edited by Vincas Karalius.[124] |
98 | Pasiuntinybės prietelis | Friend of the Mission | Tilsit (Sovetsk) | German Empire | 1904 | 1908 | A quarterly publication of the Lutherans. Its circulation reached 5,000 copies.[125] |
99 | Pagalba | Help | Tilsit (Sovetsk) | German Empire | 1904 | 1939 | A monthly newspaper published by the Lutherans. After the Klaipėda Revolt in 1923, it was published in the Klaipėda Region. Its editors included Vilius Gaigalaitis (Wilhelm Gaigalat) and Martynas Purvinas.[126][127] |
100 | Draugas | The Friend | Bittehnen (Bitėnai) | German Empire | 1904-04 | 1906 | A socialist publication edited by Vincas Kapsukas and published in Bittehnen and Tilsit. After four issues, it was replaced by Darbininkas (The Worker) of which nine issues appeared.[128] |
101 | Lietuvių laikraštis | Newspaper of Lithuanians | Saint Petersburg | Russian Empire | 1904-12-01 | 1906-01-19 | The first legal Lithuanian periodical in the Russian Empire after the Lithuanian press ban was lifted in April 1904.[129] |
102 | Vilniaus žinios | The News of Vilnius | Vilnius | Russian Empire | 1904-12-10 | 1909-03-04 | The first legal Lithuanian daily in the Russian Empire after the Lithuanian press ban was lifted in April 1904.[130] |
References
Notes
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 373 (#2003).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 372 (#2002).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 210 (#1286).
- ^ a b c Tapinas 1997, p. 277.
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 181 (#946).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 245 (#1314).
- ^ Kaunas 1996, p. 256.
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 488 (#2666).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 244 (#1311).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 239 (#1285).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 600 (#3243).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 368 (#2070).
- ^ a b Tapinas 1997, p. 379.
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 170 (#884).
- ^ Tapinas 1997, p. 203.
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 242 (#1302).
- ^ a b Tapinas 1997, p. 278.
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 228 (#1216).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 277 (#1474).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 283 (#1500).
- ^ Tapinas 1997, p. 146.
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 123 (#636).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 229, 530 (#1222, 2888).
- ^ Tapinas 1997, p. 520.
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 182, 201 (#948, 1064).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 352 (#1898).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 122 (#632).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 378 (#2020).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 236 (#1268).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 36 (#190).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 531 (#2898).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 181 (#944).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 603 (#3263).
- ^ Tapinas 1997, p. 585.
- ^ Stepukonienė 2014, p. 14.
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 244–245, 603 (#1313, 3265).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 370 (#1989).
- ^ Tapinas 1997, p. 356.
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 542 (#2947).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 244 (#1308).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 121 (#624).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 564 (#3068).
- ^ Jonaitis 2011, pp. 5–7.
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 587 (#3181).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 294 (#1563).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 493 (#2699).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 283–284, 442 (#1504, 1506, 2381).
- ^ Tapinas 1997, p. 443.
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 587, 589 (#3184).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 555 (#3021).
- ^ Krapauskas 2000, pp. 169–171.
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 364 (#1963).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 185 (#966).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 191, (#1009, 3106).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 537 (#2929).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 167, 350 (#865, 1886).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 8 (#43).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 519 (#2843).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 369–370 (#1988).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 15 (#86).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 348–349 (#1876).
- ^ Tapinas 1997, p. 351.
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 121 (#625).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 236 (#1269).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 381 (#2027).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 243 (#1307).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 540 (#2938).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 554 (#3014).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 349 (#1880).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 122 (#631).
- ^ Tapinas 1997, p. 144.
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 385 (#2053).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 398 (#2127).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 63 (#330).
- ^ Tapinas 1997, p. 71.
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 450 (#2431).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 118, 172 (#612, 894).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 523 (#2858).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 519 (#2844).
- ^ LIBIS.
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 435 (#2342).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 268 (#1433).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 258 (#1382).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 81, 396 (#410, 2116).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 37, 244 (#192, 1312).
- ^ Tapinas 1997, p. 43.
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 347 (#1866).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 11 (#59).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 45 (#231).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 554 (#3016).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 456 (#2463).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 99 (#515).
- ^ a b Tapinas 1997, p. 108.
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 349 (#1878).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 51–52, 507 (#263, 2775).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 4 (#20).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 572 (#3107).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 177 (#919).
- ^ Tapinas 1997, p. 211.
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 548 (#2983).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 596 (#3225).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 600 (#3245).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 442 (#2383).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 213 (#1133).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 271 (#1446).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 24 (#134).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 499 (#2732).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 85 (#428).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 132 (#690).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 21–22 (#117).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 604 (#3273).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 356 (#1922).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 240 (#1290).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 81 (#411).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 59 (#308).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 457 (#2469).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 142 (#734).
- ^ Tapinas 1997, p. 176.
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 210 (#1112).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 164 (#847).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 88 (#450).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 389 (#2071).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 41 (#211).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 465 (#2519).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 389 (#2073).
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 377 (#2012).
- ^ Tapinas 1997, p. 368.
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 81, 101 (#412, 523).
- ^ Surblys, Zakaravičiūtė & Rudminaitė 2016.
- ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 570 (#3095).
Bibliography
- Jonaitis, Marius (2011). "Vienybės lietuvininkų" istorija (1886–1920 m.) (Master's thesis) (in Lithuanian). Vytautas Magnus University.
- Kaunas, Domas (1996). Mažosios Lietuvos knyga: lietuviškos knygos raida 1547-1940. Mažosios Lietuvos fondo leidiniai (in Lithuanian). Vol. 6. Baltos lankos. ISBN 9986-813-28-X.</ref>
- Krapauskas, Virgil (2000). Nationalism and Historiography: The Case of Nineteenth-Century Lithuanian Historicism. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-88033-457-6.
- "Tėvynė : literatūros mokslo ir politikos mėnesinis laikrasztis : organas "Susiv. lietuvių Amerikoje" / redaktorius Jonas Žilinskas". Lietuvos integrali bibliotekų informacijos sistema (in Lithuanian). Lietuvos nacionalinė Martyno Mažvydo biblioteka. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
- Surblys, Alvydas; Zakaravičiūtė, Agnė; Rudminaitė, Edita (4 October 2016). "„Lietuvių laikraštis" – pirmas legalus periodinis leidinys po spaudos draudimo" (in Lithuanian). Kauno apskrities viešoji biblioteka. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
- Stepukonienė, Inga (2014). "Daktaras Rokas Šliūpas – lietuvybės puoselėtojas" (PDF). Žiemgala (in Lithuanian). 2. ISSN 1392-3781.
- Tamošiūnas, Julius (1991). Lietuviškų periodinių leidinių bibliografija 1832–1982 (in Lithuanian). Kaunas: Julius Tamošiūnas. OCLC 35388671.
- Tapinas, Laimonas; et al., eds. (1997). Žurnalistikos enciklopedija (PDF) (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Pradai. ISBN 9986-776-62-7.