Leaderism

The Russian political term leaderism (Russian: вождизм, vozhdism) means "a policy directed at the affirmation/confirmation of one person in the role of an indisputable or infallible leader".^[1] Vozhdism is widespread in totalitarian and authoritarian régimes.^{[citation needed]} Manifestations of vozhdism include clientelism, nepotism, tribalism, and messianism.^[2]

Ancient Greek tyranny, as described in the Politics by Aristotle,^[3] represents an early form of leaderism.^{[citation needed]} Forms of leaderism include Italian Fascism, Führerprinzip, Stalinism, Maoism, and Juche. According to Nikolai Berdyaev (1874-1948), Leninism represented a new type of leaderism, featuring a leader of masses having dictatorship powers, while Joseph Stalin as vozhd exemplifies an ultimate type of such a Supreme leader.^[4]

In communist phraseology the term "leaderism" occurs as a pejorative, in opposition to the officially proclaimed "principle of collective leadership".^[5]^[6]^[7]

Some modern Russian authors have implied that the régimes of Mikheil Saakashvili,^[8] Islamic leaders,^[9] and Vladimir Putin^[10] represent types of leaderist societies.

References

^ Viktor Ruchkin. S I Ozhegov, Slovar’ Russkogo Yazyka, Moscow 1978 via [1]
^ Вождизм article on Mir Slovarey site (in Russian)
^ Aristotle (1999). Politics (PDF). Translator: Benjamin Jowett. Kitchener, Ontario: Batoche Books. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-07-22. Retrieved 2016-01-25.
^ Berdyaev, Nikolai. Истоки и смысл русского коммунизма [The origins and meaning of Russian communism] (in Russian). Retrieved 2016-01-25. Сталин уже вождь-диктатор в современном, фашистском смысле.
^ Slobodan Stanković , "The End of the Tito Era: Yugoslavia's Dilemmas", 1981, p. 59
^ "The Economist". 1979.
^ Fitzpatrick, Sheila (4 March 1999). Everyday Stalinism: ordinary life in extraordinary times: Soviet Russia in the 1930s. Oxford University Press, USA (published 1999). p. 30. ISBN 9780195050004. Retrieved 2016-01-24. Sometimes local personality cults were attributed to the backwardness of the population and 'leaderism' was treated as an ethnic disease.
^ Вирус вождизма Archived 2008-09-12 at the Wayback Machine Krasnaya Zvezda 13 August 2008 (in Russian)
^ Вожди и лидеры. Вождизм by Dmitry Olshansky (in Russian)
^ Путин играет мускулами и добивается нового мирового порядка Kommersant 19 January 2009 (in Russian)

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