Chhattisgarhi language
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 | This article possibly contains original research. (June 2021) |
| Chhattisgarhi | |
|---|---|
| छत्तीसगढ़ी, ଛତିଶଗଡ଼ି, ଲରିଆ | |
| Native to | India |
| Region | Chhattisgarh and minor Odisha, Maharashtra |
Native speakers | 18 million, partial count, including Surgujia (2011 census)[1] (additional speakers counted under Hindi) |
| Dialects | |
| Devanagari Odia | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either:hne – Chhattisgarhisgj – Surgujia |
| Glottolog | chha1249 |
| Linguasphere | 59-AAF-ta |
Chhattisgarhi (छत्तीसगढ़ी / ଛତିଶଗଡ଼ି) is an Indo-Aryan language, spoken by approximately 16 million people from Chhattisgarh & other states.[2] It is mostly spoken in the Indian states of Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh & Maharashtra. It is closely related to (and counted by the Indian national census as a dialect of) Hindi.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Dental/ Alveolar |
Retroflex | Post-alv./ Palatal |
Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Stop/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | ʈ | tʃ | k | |
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | ʈʰ | tʃʰ | kʰ | ||
| voiced | b | d | ɖ | dʒ | ɡ | ||
| breathy | bʱ | dʱ | ɖʱ | dʒʱ | ɡʱ | ||
| Fricative | s | h | |||||
| Trill/Tap | voiced | r | ɽ | ||||
| breathy | ɽʱ | ||||||
| Lateral | voiced | l | |||||
| breathy | lʱ | ||||||
| Approximant | ʋ | j | |||||
- /r/ can also be heard as a tap [ɾ].
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | iː | uː | |
| ɪ | ʊ | ||
| Mid | eː | ə | oː |
| ɛ | ɔ | ||
| Low | aː | ||
- /ə/ can also be heard as back [ʌ], [ɐ].
- Nasalization is also phonemically distinctive.
See also
- Languages of India
- Languages with official status in India
- List of Indian languages by total speakers
Sources
- G. A. Zograph: Languages of South Asia, 1960 (translated by G.L. Campbell, 1982), Routledge, London.
- H. L. Kavyopadhyaya, G. A. Grierson and L. P. Kavya-Vinod. 1921. A grammar of the Chhattisgarhi dialect of Eastern Hindi.
- Masica, Colin P. 1993. The Indo-Aryan languages. (Cambridge Lamguage Surveys.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Boehm, Kelly Kilgo. 2022. A Preliminary Sociolinguistic Survey of the Chhattisgarhi-Speaking Peoples of India. SIL International.
References
- ^ 16.3 million for Chhattisgarhi and 1.74 million for Surgujia.
Chhattisgarhi at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018)
Surgujia at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018) - ^ "Languages of Chhattisgarh". Chhattisgarh Tourism. Archived from the original on 2018-04-12. Retrieved 2021-10-14.
Bibliography
- C. K. Chandrakar, "Chhattisgarhi Shabadkosh"
- C. K. Chandrakar, "Manak Chhattisgarhi Vyakaran"
- C. K. Chandrakar, "Chhattisgarhi Muhawara Kosh"
- Chhattisgarh Rajbhasha Aayog, "Prashashnik Shabdkosh Vol. I & II"
External links
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Categories:
- Language articles citing Ethnologue 21
- Articles that may contain original research from June 2021
- All articles that may contain original research
- Articles with short description
- Use Indian English from August 2017
- All Justapedia articles written in Indian English
- Articles containing Chhattisgarhi-language text
- ISO language articles citing sources other than Ethnologue
- Hindi languages
- Languages of India
- Eastern Indo-Aryan languages
- Culture of Chhattisgarh