Jeongan
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (May 2019) |
Jeongan 定安國 정안국 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 938–986 | |||||||||
 | |||||||||
| Capital | Xijing/Seogyeong | ||||||||
| Common languages | Unknown | ||||||||
| Religion | Unknown | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| King | |||||||||
• 938–976 | Yeol Manhwa (first) | ||||||||
• 976–986 | Oh Hyeon-myeong (last) | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Establishment | 938 | ||||||||
• Fall | 986 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | China North Korea | ||||||||
Jeongan or Ding'an (Chinese: 定安國; Korean: 정안국; 938–986) was a successor state of Balhae (Bohai) founded by Yeol Man-hwa (Lie Wanhua).
Establishment and Downfall
The early history of Jeongan is mostly unknown. Large number of rebels emerged on the former Balhae territories after the kingdom's conquest by the Liao dynasty in 926, although most were quickly defeated by Liao forces. General Yeol Manhwa (Lie Wanhua) established Jeongan in the mid-930s, at a time when the Liao puppet state of Dongdan was abolished and the main Liao forces left the region.[1] Jeongan is recorded to have enlisted the assistance of neighboring tribes with the hopes of overthrowing the Liao dynasty, but apparently failed to do so. The Yeol clan was replaced by the Oh clan in 976, and was ruled by Oh Hyeon-myeong (Wu Xuanming) until before it was finally destroyed by the Liao dynasty in 986 CE.
Jeongan only entered historical records because of its contact with the Song dynasty. In 970, the king paid tribute to the Song together with the neighboring Jurchens.[1] The official Chinese historical record, the History of Song claimed that Jeongan people's origin can be traced back to the former confederacy of Mahan. However, the Mahan confederacy in the distant south of the Korean peninsula had disappeared for almost a millennium by the 10th century, and many scholars consider this record, written in the Yuan dynasty, to be an error.[1] Oh Hyeon-myeong himself, on the other hand, stated that his people were Balhae remnants that lived the former land of Goguryeo.[2][3][4]
Rulers
- Yeol Man-hwa/Lie Wanhua (烈萬華, 열만화, 938–976)
- Oh Hyeon-myeong/Wu Xuanming (烏玄明, 오현명, 976–986)
See also
References
- ^ a b c 苗威 (2011). "定安国考论". 中国边疆史地研究. 21 (2): 110–118.
- ^ The Cambridge History of China. The Liao (Chapter 1). Cambridge University Press. March 2008. pp. 43–88.
- ^ "정안국" [Jeongan Kingdom]. terms.naver.com (in Korean). Retrieved 2019-05-20.
- ^ History of Song, Book 491, Jeongan "定安國本馬韓之種，為契丹所攻破，其酋帥糾合餘眾，保于西鄙，建國改元，自稱定安國。... 臣本以高丽旧壤，渤海遗黎，保据方隅，涉历星纪，仰覆露鸿钧之德，被浸渍无外之泽，各得其所，以遂本性。"
- CS1 Korean-language sources (ko)
- Articles needing additional references from May 2019
- All articles needing additional references
- Articles containing Chinese-language text
- Articles containing Korean-language text
- Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text
- Balhae
- 938 establishments
- History of Manchuria
- Former countries in Chinese history
- Former countries in Korean history
- 986 disestablishments