JNR Class DD16
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The Class DD16 (DD16形) is a four-axle Bo-Bo wheel arrangement diesel-hydraulic locomotive type operated in Japan since 1972. A total of 65 locomotives were built between 1971 and 1975, and as of 1 April 2016[update], one locomotive remains in service, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East).
Variants
A total of 65 locomotives were built between 1971 and 1975.[1]
- Class DD16-0: 65 locomotives built between 1971 and 1975
- Class DD16-300: 4 locomotives converted from DD16-0 locomotives between 1979 and 1983 to become self-propelled snowplough units[2]
Design
The Class DD16 was designed to replace the Class C12 and C56 steam locomotives on non-electrified rural lines where locomotives with a low axle load were required.[2] The design featured an offset centre-cab arrangement using the same DML61Z diesel engine used in the Class DD51 locomotives, derated from 1,000 hp (750 kW) to 800 hp (600 kW).[2]
History
The first two locomotives, DD16 1 and 2, were built at the Japanese National Railways (JNR) Nagano factory, and these were tested on the Koumi Line and Iida Line.[1]
Between 1979 and 1983, four locomotives (DD16 2, 5, 4, and 13) were converted at JNR's Nagano and Matto workshops to become self-propelled snowplough units, numbered DD16 301 to 304, with the addition of bogie snowplough units on either end.[3]
With the closure of may rural lines and discontinuation of rural freight services in the 1980s, many of the class were withdrawn from operation and scrapped.[1]
With the privatization of JNR in April 1987, just ten Class DD16 locomotives remained in service, transferred to operation by JR Group operating companies.[4]
By 1 April 1995, seven locomotives were still in service, with four (DD16-0 and DD16-300) operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East), two (DD16-0) operated by Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu), and one (DD16-300) operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West).[3]
As of 1 April 2016[update], one locomotive, DD16 11, remains in service, operated by JR East.[5]
Preserved examples
As of 2014[update], seven Class DD16 locomotives are preserved.[6]
- DD16 1: Preserved at Nagano General Rolling Stock Center in Nagano
- DD16 7: Preserved in operational condition at Wakasa Station on the Wakasa Railway
- DD16 15: Preserved at the Mikasa Railway Parek in Mikasa, Hokkaido
- DD16 17: Preserved at the Otaru Museum in Otaru, Hokkaido
- DD16 31: Preserved inside the "Memorial Ship Hakkoda" in Aomori
- DD16 64: Preserved in Nōgata, Fukuoka
- DD16 303: Preserved in Nagano
- DD16 304: Preserved at the Tsuyama Railroad Educational Museum in Tsuyama, Okayama.[7]
Classification
The DD16 classification for this locomotive type is explained below.
- D: Diesel locomotive
- D: Four driving axles
- 16: Locomotive with maximum speed of 85 km/h or less
References
- ^ a b c Inoue, Kōichi (1999). 国鉄機関車事典: 蒸気・電気・ディーゼル機関車66形式 国鉄機関車辞典 [JNR Locomotive Encyclopedia] (in Japanese). Japan: Sankaido. pp. 172–173. ISBN 978-4-381-10338-3.
- ^ a b c Ishii, Yoshitaka (2004). Dd51物語: 国鉄ディーゼル機関車2400両の開発と活躍の足跡 DD51物語 [The DD51 Story] (in Japanese). Tokyo, Japan: JTB Can Books. pp. 139, 188. ISBN 978-4-533-05661-1.
- ^ a b JR全車輛ハンドブック1995 [JR Rolling Stock Handbook 1995] (in Japanese). Japan: Neko Publishing. 1995. pp. 63–64.
- ^ Jr機関車カタログ: Jr7社の現有30形式を詳しく解說 JR機関車カタログ [JR Locomotive Catalogue] (in Japanese). Japan: Ikaros Publications Ltd. 20 June 2013. p. 91. ISBN 9784863207271.
- ^ Miyahara, Masakazu, ed. (December 2016). 国鉄最終章LAST (鉄道ジャーナル2017年2月号別冊) [JNR - The Final Chapter (Railway Journal February 2017 Extra issue)]. Tetsudō Jānaru (in Japanese). Japan: Railway Journal: 39–41. ASIN B01N59AJPB. ISSN 0288-2337.
- ^ Sasada, Masahiro (25 November 2014). 国鉄&jr 保存車大全 2015-2016 国鉄&JR保存車大全2015-2016 [JNR & JR Preserved Rolling Stock Complete Guide 2015-2016] (in Japanese). Tokyo, Japan: Ikaros Publications Ltd. p. 123. ISBN 978-4863209282.
- ^ Shibata, Togo (February 2016). 2016年「津山まなびの鉄道館」としてリニューアルオープン [Reopening in 2016 as "Tsuyama Railroad Educational Museum!]. Tetsudo Daiya Joho Magazine (in Japanese). Vol. 45, no. 382. Japan: Kotsu Shimbun. pp. 46–47.
- CS1 uses Japanese-language script (ja)
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- Diesel locomotives of Japan
- East Japan Railway Company
- West Japan Railway Company
- Kyushu Railway Company
- Bo-Bo locomotives
- 1067 mm gauge locomotives of Japan
- Railway locomotives introduced in 1971
- Kawasaki diesel locomotives
- Nippon Sharyo locomotives