Provinces of Indonesia
Provinces of Indonesia | |
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Category | Province |
Location | Indonesia |
Created |
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Number | 37 |
Populations | Smallest: 517,623 (South Papua) Largest: 43,053,732 (West Java) |
Areas | Smallest: 664 km2 (256 sq mi) (Jakarta) Largest: 153,564 km2 (59,291 sq mi) (Central Kalimantan) |
Government | |
Subdivisions |
This article is part of a series on |
Subdivisions of Indonesia |
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Level 1 |
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Level 2 |
(full list; cities by GDP; cities by population; regencies by population) |
Level 3 |
(kecamatan, distrik, kapanewon, or kemantren) |
Level 4 |
(desa or kelurahan) |
Provinces of Indonesia are the 37 administrative divisions of Indonesia and the highest tier of the local government (formerly called first-level region provinces or provinsi daerah tingkat I). Provinces are further divided into regencies and cities (formerly called second-level region regencies and cities or kabupaten/kotamadya daerah tingkat II), which are in turn subdivided into districts (kecamatan).
Background
Article 18 paragraph 1 of The 1945 Constitution states that "The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is divided into provincial regions and those provincial regions are divided into regencies and city, whereby every one of those provinces, regencies, and municipalities has its regional government, which shall be regulated by laws."
According to the Law on Regional Government (UU 23/2014) the authority of the Provincial Government includes:
- Development planning and control;
- Planning, utilization, and community peace;
- Implementation of public order and public peace;
- Provision of public facilities and infrastructure;
- Handling the health sector;
- Education and allocation of potential human resources;
- Handling social problems across districts/cities;
- Services in the field of manpower across districts/cities;
- Facilitating the development of cooperatives, small and medium enterprises, including across districts/cities;
- Environmental control;
- Defense services, including across districts/cities;
- Population and civil registration services;
- Government general administration services;
- Investment administration services, including across districts/cities;
- The implementation of other basic services that cannot be carried out by districts/cities; and
- Other mandatory affairs mandated by laws and regulations.
The authority of the provincial government are government affairs which are located across regencies/municipalities, government affairs whose users are across regencies/municipalities, government affairs whose benefits or negative impacts lie across regencies/municipalities, government affairs which use more resources. efficient if carried out by the province.
Each province has a local government, headed by a governor and a legislative body (DPRD). The governor and members of local representative bodies are elected by popular vote for five-year terms, but governors can only serve for two terms. The general election to elect members of the DPRDs is conducted simultaneously with the national general election. Previously, the general elections for Governor and Vice Governor were not held simultaneously. However, since 2015 regional head elections have been held simultaneously. Under the plan, simultaneous partial local elections will be held in February 2017, June 2018, December 2020, culminating in simultaneous elections for all local executive posts on November 2024 and then every five years.
Current provinces
Indonesia has 37 provinces. Eight provinces have special status:
Aceh, for the use of sharia as provincial criminal law
Jakarta as the national capital
Central Papua,
Highland Papua,
Papua,
South Papua, and
West Papua, for granting implementation of sustainable development
Special Region of Yogyakarta, which has Sultan Hamengkubuwono as hereditary governor and Paku Alam as hereditary vice-governor
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Indonesia_provinces_blank_map.svg/800px-Indonesia_provinces_blank_map.svg.png)
Geographical units
The provinces are officially grouped into seven geographical units for statistical and national planning purposes, but without administrative function.[1]
Name | Population estimation mid-2021[2] |
---|---|
Sumatra | 59,185,800 |
Java | 152,787,800 |
Lesser Sunda Islands | 15,140,400 |
Kalimantan | 16,817,400 |
Sulawesi | 20,077,000 |
Maluku Islands | 3,161,800 |
Western New Guinea | 5,512,300 |
Table of provinces
Arms | Province | Indonesian name |
Indonesian acronym |
ISO[5] | Capital | Population (mid-2021 estimate)[6] |
Area (km2) | Density (/km2) (2010) |
Geographical unit | No. of cities & regencies |
No. of cities |
No. of regencies |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Aceh | Aceh | Aceh | ID-AC | 5,333,700 | 57,956 | 77 | Sumatra | 23 | 5 | 18 | |
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Bali | Bali | Bali | ID-BA | 4,362,700 | 5,780 | 621 | Lesser Sunda Islands | 9 | 1 | 8 | |
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Bangka Belitung Islands | Kepulauan Bangka Belitung | Babel | ID-BB | 1,473,200 | 16,424 | 64 | Sumatra | 7 | 1 | 6 | |
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Banten | Banten | Banten | ID-BT | 12,061,500 | 9,662 | 909 | Java | 8 | 4 | 4 | |
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Bengkulu | Bengkulu | Bengkulu | ID-BE | 2,032,900 | 19,919 | 84 | Sumatra | 10 | 1 | 9 | |
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Central Java | Jawa Tengah | Jateng | ID-JT | 36,742,500 | 40,800 | 894 | Java | 35 | 6 | 29 | |
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Central Kalimantan | Kalimantan Tengah | Kalteng | ID-KT | 2,702,200 | 153,564 | 14 | Kalimantan | 14 | 1 | 13 | |
Central Papua | Papua Tengah | Pateng | 1,409,000 | 66,129 | 27 | Western New Guinea | 8 | 0 | 8 | |||
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Central Sulawesi | Sulawesi Tengah | Sulteng | ID-ST | 3,021,900 | 61,841 | 41 | Sulawesi | 13 | 1 | 12 | |
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East Java | Jawa Timur | Jatim | ID-JI | 40,878,800 | 47,799 | 828 | Java | 38 | 9 | 29 | |
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East Kalimantan[7] | Kalimantan Timur | Kaltim | ID-KI | 3,808,200 | 127,267 | 22 | Kalimantan | 10 | 3 | 7 | |
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East Nusa Tenggara | Nusa Tenggara Timur | NTT | ID-NT | 5,387,700 | 48,718 | 92 | Lesser Sunda Islands | 22 | 1 | 21 | |
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Gorontalo | Gorontalo | Gorontalo | ID-GO | 1,181,000 | 11,257 | 94 | Sulawesi | 6 | 1 | 5 | |
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Highland Papua | Papua Pegunungan | 1,408,600 | 108,476 | 20 | Western New Guinea | 8 | 0 | 8 | |||
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Capital Special Region of Jakarta | Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta | DKI Jakarta | ID-JK | 10,609,700 | 664 | 12,786 | Java | 6 | 5 | 1 | |
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Jambi | Jambi | Jambi | ID-JA | 3,585,100 | 50,058 | 57 | Sumatra | 11 | 2 | 9 | |
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Lampung | Lampung | Lampung | ID-LA | 9,081,800 | 34,623 | 226 | Sumatra | 15 | 2 | 13 | |
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Maluku | Maluku | Maluku | ID-MA | 1,862,600 | 46,914 | 32 | Maluku Islands | 11 | 2 | 9 | |
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North Kalimantan | Kalimantan Utara | Kaltara | ID-KU | 713,600 | 72,275 | 10 | Kalimantan | 5 | 1 | 4 | |
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North Maluku | Maluku Utara | Malut | ID-MU | 1,299,200 | 31,982 | 31 | Maluku Islands | 10 | 2 | 8 | |
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North Sulawesi | Sulawesi Utara | Sulut | ID-SA | 2,638,600 | 13,851 | 162 | Sulawesi | 15 | 4 | 11 | |
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North Sumatra | Sumatra Utara | Sumut | ID-SU | 14,936,200 | 72,981 | 188 | Sumatra | 33 | 8 | 25 | |
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Papua | Papua [b] | Papua | ID-PA | 1,020,200 | 81,049 | 14 | Western New Guinea | 9 | 1 | 8 | |
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Riau | Riau | Riau | ID-RI | 6,493,600 | 87,023 | 52 | Sumatra | 12 | 2 | 10 | |
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Riau Islands | Kepulauan Riau | Kepri | ID-KR | 2,118,200 | 8,201 | 208 | Sumatra | 7 | 2 | 5 | |
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Southeast Sulawesi | Sulawesi Tenggara | Sultra | ID-SG | 2,659,200 | 38,067 | 51 | Sulawesi | 17 | 2 | 15 | |
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South Kalimantan | Kalimantan Selatan | Kalsel | ID-KS | 4,122,600 | 38,744 | 96 | Kalimantan | 13 | 2 | 11 | |
South Papua | Papua Selatan | Pasel | 517,600 | 131,493 | 4.1 | Western New Guinea | 4 | 0 | 4 | |||
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South Sulawesi | Sulawesi Selatan | Sulsel | ID-SN | 9,139,500 | 46,717 | 151 | Sulawesi | 24 | 3 | 21 | |
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South Sumatra | Sumatra Selatan | Sumsel | ID-SS | 8,550,900 | 91,592 | 86 | Sumatra | 17 | 4 | 13 | |
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West Java | Jawa Barat | Jabar | ID-JB | 48,782,400 | 35,377 | 1,176 | Java | 27 | 9 | 18 | |
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West Kalimantan | Kalimantan Barat | Kalbar | ID-KB | 5,470,800 | 147,307 | 30 | Kalimantan | 14 | 2 | 12 | |
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West Nusa Tenggara | Nusa Tenggara Barat | NTB | ID-NB | 5,390,000 | 18,572 | 234 | Lesser Sunda Islands | 10 | 2 | 8 | |
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West Papua | Papua Barat | Pabar | ID-PB[8] | 1,156,800 | 97,024 | 8 | Western New Guinea | 13 | 1 | 12 | |
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West Sulawesi | Sulawesi Barat | Sulbar | ID-SR | 1,436,800 | 16,787 | 73 | Sulawesi | 6 | 0 | 6 | |
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West Sumatra | Sumatra Barat | Sumbar | ID-SB | 5,580,200 | 42,012 | 110 | Sumatra | 19 | 7 | 12 | |
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Special Region of Yogyakarta | Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta | DIY | ID-YO | 3,712,900 | 3,133 | 1,138 | Java | 5 | 1 | 4 |
Former provinces
Upon the independence of Indonesia, eight provinces were established. West Java, Central Java, East Java, and Maluku still exist as of today despite later divisions, while Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Nusa Tenggara, formerly Lesser Sunda (Sunda Kecil) were fully liquidated by dividing them into new provinces. The province of Central Sumatra existed from 1948 to 1957, while East Timor was annexed as a province from 1976 until its power transfer to UNTAET in 1999 prior to its independence as a country in 2002.
Province | Capital | Period | Successor(s) |
---|---|---|---|
Sumatra[9] | Bukittinggi / Medan | 1945–1948 | Central Sumatra North Sumatra South Sumatra |
Kalimantan[10] | Banjarmasin | 1945–1956 | East Kalimantan South Kalimantan West Kalimantan |
Maluku[Note 1] | Ambon | 1945–1949[11]/1956[12] | Maluku[Note 2] |
Nusa Tenggara[13] | Singaraja | 1945–1958 | Bali East Nusa Tenggara West Nusa Tenggara |
Sulawesi[14] | Makassar / Manado | 1945–1960 | North-Central Sulawesi South-Southeast Sulawesi |
Central Sumatra (Sumatra Tengah)[9][15] |
Bukittinggi | 1948–1957 | Jambi Riau West Sumatra |
West Irian (Irian Barat)[Note 3] | Soasio | 1956[16]–1962 | West Irian[Note 4]
Maluku[Note 5] |
North-Central Sulawesi (Sulawesi Utara-Tengah)[17] |
Manado | 1960–1964 | North Sulawesi Central Sulawesi |
South-Southeast Sulawesi (Sulawesi Selatan-Tenggara)[17] |
Makassar | 1960–1964 | South Sulawesi Southeast Sulawesi |
West Irian (Irian Barat) (1962–1973), Irian Jaya (1973–2000) | Kotabaru (1962–1963) Sukarnopura (1963–1968) Jayapura (1968–present) |
1963–1999 | Irian Jaya (1999–2000) Papua (2000–present) West Irian Jaya (1999–2007) West Papua (2007–present) |
East Timor (Timor Timur)[18] |
Dili | 1976–1999 | Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste |
Papua | Jayapura | 1999/2000–2022 | Central Papua (1999,[19] 2003[Note 6]) Highland Papua North Papua[20][Note 7] South Papua |
New provinces made from currently-existing provinces
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Indonesian_administrative_divisions_in_western_New_Guinea_%28as_at_July_2022%29.svg/250px-Indonesian_administrative_divisions_in_western_New_Guinea_%28as_at_July_2022%29.svg.png)
New province (current name) |
Year | New province (then name) |
Province of origin |
---|---|---|---|
West Irian | 1949, 1956,[16] 1963, 1969 | Papua | Maluku |
Special Region of Yogyakarta | 1950 | Yogyakarta | Central Java |
Aceh | 1956 | Aceh | North Sumatra |
Central Kalimantan | 1958 | Central Kalimantan | South Kalimantan |
Jakarta Special Capital Region | 1959 | Greater Jakarta | West Java |
Lampung | 1964 | Lampung | South Sumatra |
Bengkulu | 1967 | Bengkulu | South Sumatra |
North Maluku | 1999 | North Maluku | Maluku |
Banten | 2000 | Banten | West Java |
Bangka Belitung Islands | 2000 | Bangka Belitung Islands | South Sumatra |
Gorontalo | 2000 | Gorontalo | North Sulawesi |
Riau Islands | 2002 | Riau Islands | Riau |
West Papua | 2003 | West Irian Jaya | Irian Jaya |
West Sulawesi | 2004 | West Sulawesi | South Sulawesi |
North Kalimantan | 2012 | North Kalimantan | East Kalimantan |
Central Papua | 2022 | Central Papua | Papua |
Highland Papua | 2022 | Highland Papua | Papua |
South Papua | 2022 | South Papua | Papua |
Renamed provinces
Year | Old name (Indonesian) |
Old name (English) |
New name (Indonesian) |
New name (English) |
Current name |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1954 | Sunda Kecil | Lesser Sunda | Nusa Tenggara | Nusa Tenggara | non-existent |
1959 | Aceh | Aceh | Daerah Istimewa Aceh | Aceh Special Region | Aceh |
1961 | Jakarta Raya | Greater Jakarta | Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta Raya | Greater Jakarta Special Capital Region | Jakarta Special Capital Region |
1973 | Irian Barat | West Irian | Irian Jaya | Irian Jaya | Papua |
1990 | Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta Raya | Greater Jakarta Special Capital Region | Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta | Jakarta Special Capital Region | Jakarta Special Capital Region |
2001 | Daerah Istimewa Aceh | Aceh Special Region | Nanggroë Aceh Darussalam | State of Aceh, the Abode of Peace | Aceh |
2002 | Irian Jaya | Irian Jaya | Papua | Papua | Papua |
2007 | Irian Jaya Barat | West Irian Jaya | Papua Barat | West Papua | West Papua |
2009 | Nanggroë Aceh Darussalam | State of Aceh, the Abode of Peace | Aceh | Aceh | Aceh |
Former provincial capitals
- Tanjungpinang to Pekanbaru, Riau (until 1959)
- Jakarta to Bandung, West Java (until 1960)
- Singaraja to Denpasar, Bali (until 1960)
- Soasio to Jayapura, West Irian (until 1962)
- Dili, East Timor (1975–1999), later become the capital of Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste
- Ternate to Sofifi, North Maluku (until 2010)
- Banjarmasin to Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan (until 2022)
See also
Notes
- ^ Jakarta is a province-level Capital Special Region comprising five Kota Administrasis (administrative cities/municipalities) and one Kabupaten Administrasi (administrative regency).
- ^ Since 25 July 2022 Papua Province has been reduced to just the northern part of Western New Guinea, plus three regencies in Cenderawasih Bay, with most of the previous parts of the province split off to form three new provinces. Figures have been adjusted to take account of this separation.
- ^ Including Western New Guinea
- ^ Including Northern Maluku
- ^ Including Central Halmahera and Tidore
- ^ Minus Central Halmahera and Tidore
- ^ Central Halmahera and Tidore was re-integrated with Maluku
- ^ Unilateral decralation
- ^ On proposed
References
- ^ ISO 3166-2:ID
- ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2022.
- ^ "Data Wilayah – Kementerian Dalam Negeri – Republik Indonesia". Archived from the original on 2012-02-22. Retrieved 2011-02-16.
- ^ Buku Induk—Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan per Provinsi, Kabupaten/Kota dan Kecamatan Seluruh Indonesia (PDF) (in Indonesian), Kementerian Dalam Negeri [Ministry of Home Affairs], archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-11-19
- ^ ISO 3166-2:ID (ISO 3166-2 codes for the provinces of Indonesia)
- ^ Badan Pusat Statistik/Statistics Indonesia, Jakarta, 2022.
- ^ Figures adjusted to take account of the separation of Tarakan city and four regencies, as confirmed by Badan Pusat Statistik, to form the new province of North Kalimantan, listed separately in this table.
- ^ West Papua was created from the western portion of Papua province in February 2003, initially under the name of Irian Jaya Barat, and was renamed Papua Barat (West Papua) on 7 February 2007. The split remains controversial. In November 2004, the Constitutional Court of Indonesia ruled that the split violated Papua's autonomy laws. However, since the western province had already been created, it should remain separate from Papua. The ruling also aborted the creation of another proposed province, Central Irian Jaya, because the split was not yet completed. As of June 2008, an ISO 3166-2 code has not yet been published for West Papua. If one were to follow precedent, it would be ID-PB. Note: ISO 3166-2 Newsletter II-1 (corrected 2010-02-19) page 18-19 confirms this as ID-PB. See http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_3166-2_newsletter_ii-1_corrected_2010-02-19.pdf . The code ID-IJ now refers to the larger geographical region including Papua and West Papua.
- ^ a b "Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 21 Tahun 1950" [Government Regulation Number 21 of 1950] (PDF). hukum.unsrat.ac.id (in Indonesian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-12-11. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
- ^ "Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 1956" [Act Number 25 of 1956]. hukumonline.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 14 November 2018.
- ^ "PERDA Prov. Papua No. 6 Tahun 2016 tentang Hari Jadi Provinsi Papua [JDIH BPK RI]". peraturan.bpk.go.id. Retrieved 2022-10-16.
- ^ "UU No. 15 Tahun 1956 tentang Pembentukan Daerah Otonom Propinsi Irian Barat [JDIH BPK RI]". peraturan.bpk.go.id. Retrieved 2022-10-16.
- ^ "Undang-Undang Nomor 64 Tahun 1958" [Act Number 64 of 1958]. hukumonline.com (in Indonesian). Republic of Indonesia. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
- ^ "Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 47 Tahun 1960" [Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 47 of 1960]. hukumonline.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 14 November 2018.
- ^ "Undang-Undang Darurat Nomor 19 Tahun 1957" [Emergency Act Number 19 Year 1957]. hukumonline.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 14 November 2018.
- ^ a b "UU No. 15 Tahun 1956 tentang Pembentukan Daerah Otonom Propinsi Irian Barat [JDIH BPK RI]". peraturan.bpk.go.id. Retrieved 2022-10-15.
- ^ a b "Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 1964" [Act Number 13 of 1964]. hukumonline.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 29 January 2020.
- ^ "Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 1976" [Act of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7 of 1976] (PDF) (in Indonesian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-11-14. Retrieved 2018-11-14.
- ^ "UU No. 45 Tahun 1999 tentang Pembentukan Propinsi Irian Jaya Tengah, Propinsi Irian Jaya Barat, Kabupaten Paniai, Kabupaten Mimika, Kabupaten Puncak Jaya, Dan Kota Sorong [JDIH BPK RI]". peraturan.bpk.go.id. Retrieved 2022-10-16.
- ^ RI, Setjen DPR. "Baleg DPR Gelar Harmonisasi RUU Papua Utara". www.dpr.go.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-10-16.