Helenium autumnale

Helenium autumnale
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Asteraceae
Genus:	Helenium
Species:	H. autumnale
Binomial name
	Helenium autumnale; L. 1753
Synonyms
	Heleniastrum autumnale (L.) Kuntze; Helenium canaliculatum Lam.; Helenium latifolium Mill.; Helenium macranthum Rydb.; Helenium montanum Nutt.; Helenium parviflorum Nutt.;

Helenium autumnale is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Common names include common sneezeweed and large-flowered sneezeweed.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Description

Common sneezeweed is a perennial herb up to 130 cm (51+1⁄3 in; 4+1⁄3 ft) tall. In late summer and fall, one plant can produce as many as 100 yellow flower heads in a branching array. Each head has 11–21 ray florets surrounding sometimes as many as 800 disc florets.^[5] Leaves are dark green, alternate, and lance-shaped. The Latin specific epithet autumnale is in reference to the plant's autumn flowering.^[6]

Distribution and habitat

This plant is widespread across much of the United States and Canada, from Northwest Territories as far south as far northern California, Arizona, Louisiana, and Florida. It has not been found in southern or central California, or the 4 Atlantic Provinces of Canada.^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10] It grows in moist, open areas along streams and ponds as well as wet meadows.^[11]

Cultivation

Common sneezeweed is cultivated as a garden perennial. There are multiple named varieties varying in color and height. 'Pumilum Magnificum' is a yellow variety about two feet tall. 'Bruno', a reddish-brown cultivar, 'Kupfersprudel', which is yellow/orange, and 'Butterpat', which is golden, all grow 3 to 3.5 feet (91 to 107 centimetres) tall. 'Chippersfield Orange' is up to 0.91 metres (3 ft) tall and is orange streaked with gold.^[12]

Uses

The plant owes its name to the use of its dried leaves in snuff, the inhaling of which causes sneezing—supposedly casting out evil spirits.^[13]

References

^ "Helenium autumnale". The Plant List. Missouri Botanical Garden. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
^ Wilkinson, Kathleen (1999), Wildflowers of Alberta A Guide to Common Wildflowers and Other Herbaceous Plants, Edmonton, Alberta: Lone Pine Publishing and University of Alberta, p. 112, ISBN 0-88864-298-9
^ Peterson, Roger T.; McKenny, Margaret (1968), A Field Guide to Wildflowers of Northeastern and North-Central North America (9th ed.), Boston: Houghton Mifflin, ISBN 0-395-91172-9
^ Vance, F R; J.R. Rowsey, J.S. Maclean and F.A. Switzer (1999), Wildflowers across the prairies: With a new section on Grasses, sedges and rushes, Vancouver, British Columbia: Western Producer Prairie Books, p. 299, ISBN 1-55054-703-8
^ Bierner, Mark W. (2006), "Helenium autumnale", in Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.), Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA), vol. 21, New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA
^ "Helenium autumnale - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.), "Helenium autumnale", The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov), Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team, retrieved 2007-05-08
^ "Helenium autumnale", County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA), Biota of North America Program (BONAP), 2014
^ Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map
^ Calflora taxon report, University of California, Helenium autumnale L., common sneezeweed
^ "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin". www.wildflower.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
^ Crockett, James U. (1972), Perennials (2 ed.), New York: Time-Life Books
^ Niering, William A.; Olmstead, Nancy C. (1985) [1979]. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers, Eastern Region. Knopf. p. 383. ISBN 0-394-50432-1.

External links

Jepson Manual Treatment
Kemper Center for Home Gardening
Helenium autumnale in the CalPhotos photo database, University of California, Berkeley
photo of herbarium specimen at Missouri Botanical Garden, collected in Missouri in 2002Error: "Q1520938" is not a valid Wikidata entity ID.

[1] "Helenium autumnale". The Plant List. Missouri Botanical Garden. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)

[2] Wilkinson, Kathleen (1999), Wildflowers of Alberta A Guide to Common Wildflowers and Other Herbaceous Plants, Edmonton, Alberta: Lone Pine Publishing and University of Alberta, p. 112, ISBN 0-88864-298-9

[3] Peterson, Roger T.; McKenny, Margaret (1968), A Field Guide to Wildflowers of Northeastern and North-Central North America (9th ed.), Boston: Houghton Mifflin, ISBN 0-395-91172-9

[4] Vance, F R; J.R. Rowsey, J.S. Maclean and F.A. Switzer (1999), Wildflowers across the prairies: With a new section on Grasses, sedges and rushes, Vancouver, British Columbia: Western Producer Prairie Books, p. 299, ISBN 1-55054-703-8

[5] Bierner, Mark W. (2006), "Helenium autumnale", in Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.), Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA), vol. 21, New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA

[6] "Helenium autumnale - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.

[7] USDA, NRCS (n.d.), "Helenium autumnale", The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov), Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team, retrieved 2007-05-08

[8] "Helenium autumnale", County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA), Biota of North America Program (BONAP), 2014

[9] Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map

[10] Calflora taxon report, University of California, Helenium autumnale L., common sneezeweed

[11] "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin". www.wildflower.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.

[12] Crockett, James U. (1972), Perennials (2 ed.), New York: Time-Life Books

[13] Niering, William A.; Olmstead, Nancy C. (1985) [1979]. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers, Eastern Region. Knopf. p. 383. ISBN 0-394-50432-1.

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