Scientific Advice Mechanism

The Scientific Advice Mechanism is a service created by the European Commission which provides independent science advice directly to European Commissioners to inform their decision-making. The Mechanism consists of two parts: the Group of Chief Scientific Advisors, an expert group consisting of up to seven leading scientists, and SAPEA, a consortium of five European Academy Networks collectively representing around 100 academies and learned societies across Europe.

History

Until 2016, science advice in the European Commission was provided by a single Chief Scientific Advisor who reported directly to the President of the European Commission. The last Chief Scientific Advisor, serving from 2012 to 2014, was Dame Anne Glover.

On 1 November 2014, European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker asked Carlos Moedas, Commissioner for Research, Innovation and Science in his mission letter to "make sure that Commission proposals and activities are based on sound scientific evidence and contribute best to our jobs and growth agenda". Following this, on 13 May 2015, Juncker announced the establishment of the Scientific Advice Mechanism. The first seven members of the Advisors were identified, following a European call for nominations, in January 2016.

In December 2016, SAPEA was officially launched to support the Advisors by providing scientific evidence review reports.

Structure

Group of Chief Scientific Advisors

The core of the Scientific Advice Mechanism is the European Commission's Group of Chief Scientific Advisors, an expert group consisting of up to seven leading scientists, selected by the European Commission assisted by an independent identification committee. The Advisors are supported by a dedicated secretariat, known as the SAM Unit, staffed by the Directorate-General for Research and Innovation and Joint Research Centre.

The Group of Chief Scientific Advisors currently consists of the following seven members:

Name	Portrait	Role in the Group	Academic position	University or institution
Nicole Grobert		Chair	Professor of Nanomaterials	University of Oxford
Éva Kondorosi			Research Director	Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre (Hungarian Academy of Sciences)
Maarja Kruusmaa	File:Maarja Kruusmaa.jpg		Vice-rector for research and Professor of biorobotics	Tallinn University of Technology
Eric Lambin	File:Eric Lambin.jpg		Professor of Geography and Sustainability Science	Université catholique de Louvain and Stanford University
Alberto Melloni	File:Alberto Melloni.jpg		Professor of the history of Christianity; holder of the UNESCO Chair on Religious Pluralism and Peace	University of Modena/Reggio Emilia; University of Bologna
Nebojsa Nakicenovic	File:Nebojsa Nakicenovic.jpg	deputy chair	Director	The World in 2050
Eva Zažímalová	File:Eva Zažímalová.jpg		Professor of Plant Anatomy and Physiology	Institute of Experimental Botany at the Czech Academy of Sciences

Previous members of the Group of Chief Scientific Advisors include:

• Julia Slingo (2015–2016)
• Henrik Wegener (2015–2017)
• Cédric Villani (2015–2017)
• Janusz Bujnicki (2015–2020)
• Pearl Dykstra (2015-2020)
• Rolf-Dieter Heuer (2015-2020)
• Carina Keskitalo (2016-2021)
• Paul Nurse (2016-2021)

Science Advice for Policy by European Academies (SAPEA)

SAPEA brings together more than 100 academies, young academies and learned societies. Its role as part of the Scientific Advice Mechanism is to provide high-quality, independent evidence to underpin the Scientific Opinions produced by the Chief Scientific Advisors. SAPEA has the ability to convene Fellows from some 40 countries across Europe, spanning the disciplines of engineering, humanities, medicine, natural sciences and social sciences.

The SAPEA consortium brings together five umbrella networks jointly representing Europe's academies:

• Academia Europaea
• All European Academies
• European Academies' Science Advisory Council
• European Council of Applied Sciences and Engineering
• Federation of European Academies of Medicine

At present, SAPEA is funded by a grant from the European Union's Horizon 2020 programme through to the middle of 2022.

Scientific advice

The Scientific Advice Mechanism has issued advice in the form of Scientific Opinions, explanatory notes or statements, supported by evidence review reports, on the following topics:

Topic	Date	Evidence review and scientific opinion
Glyphosate	June 2016	[1]
Light-duty vehicle real-drive CO2 emissions	November 2016	[2]
Cyber-security in the European Digital Single Market	March 2017	[3]
New techniques in agricultural biotechnology	April 2017	[4]
Food from the oceans	November 2017	[5]
Novel carbon capture and utilisation technologies: research and climate aspects	May 2018	[6]
Authorisation processes of plant protection products in Europe	June 2018	[7]
Statement on the regulation of gene editing	November 2018	[8]
A scientific perspective on microplastics in nature and society	January 2019	[9]
Transforming the future of ageing	July 2019	[10]
Making sense of science for policy under conditions of complexity and uncertainty	July 2019	[11]
Towards a sustainable food system for Europe	April 2020	[12]
Adaptation to climate change-related health effects	June 2020	[13]
COVID-19, future pandemics and other crises in the global context (with European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies)	November 2020	[14]
Biodegradability of plastics in the open environment	December 2020	[15]
A systemic approach to the energy transition in Europe	June 2021	[16]
Improving cancer screening in the European Union	March 2022	[17]
Strategic crisis management	Summer 2022	[18]

External links

• Scientific Advice Mechanism
• SAPEA