Grammostola

Grammostola
	Male Grammostola porteri
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Infraorder:	Mygalomorphae
Family:	Theraphosidae
Genus:	Grammostola; Simon, 1892
Type species
	G. pulchripes; (Simon, 1891)
Species
	21, see text
Synonyms
	Lasiocnemus Ausserer, 1871; Lasiopelma Simon, 1892; Polyspina Schmidt, 1994; Polyspinosa Schmidt, 1999; Sorata Strand, 1907;

Grammostola is a genus of South American tarantulas that was first described in text by Eugène Louis Simon in 1892.^[5] These medium- to large-sized spiders are native to tropical South America, and are usually brown in color, with pinkish or orangish-red hairs. The very docile Chilean rose tarantulas (Grammostola rosea and Grammostola porteri) are popular as a beginner's spider among tarantula enthusiasts.^[6]

Grammostola as a pet

The Chilean rose tarantula (Grammostola rosea) is a common pet, as its behavior is generally docile and its venom is very mild. It needs to be kept dry and dislikes being wet (its natural habitat is one of the driest deserts on earth). If the substrate is too wet, it will stand "on tiptoes" in discomfort, or climb the sides of its enclosure, risking fall and injury. It feeds on other invertebrates. Its attributes and care are similar to those of its relative, the Chaco golden-knee tarantula (Grammostola pulchripes).^{[citation needed]}

Species

As of July 2022^[update] it contains twenty-one species, found in South America:^[1]

Grammostola actaeon (Pocock, 1903) – Brazil, Uruguay
Grammostola alticeps (Pocock, 1903) – Uruguay
Grammostola andreleetzi Vol, 2008 – Uruguay
Grammostola anthracina (C. L. Koch, 1842) – Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina
Grammostola borelli (Simon, 1897) – Paraguay
Grammostola burzaquensis Ibarra, 1946 – Argentina
Grammostola chalcothrix Chamberlin, 1917 – Argentina
Grammostola diminuta Ferretti, Pompozzi, González & Pérez-Miles, 2013 – Argentina
Grammostola doeringi (Holmberg, 1881) – Argentina
Grammostola gossei (Pocock, 1899) – Argentina
Grammostola grossa (Ausserer, 1871) – Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina
Grammostola iheringi (Keyserling, 1891) – Brazil
Grammostola inermis Mello-Leitão, 1941 – Argentina
Grammostola mendozae (Strand, 1907) – Argentina
Grammostola porteri (Mello-Leitão, 1936) – Chile
Grammostola pulchra Mello-Leitão, 1921 – Brazil
Grammostola pulchripes (Simon, 1891) (type) – Paraguay, Argentina
Grammostola quirogai Montes de Oca, D'Elía & Pérez-Miles, 2016 – Brazil, Uruguay
Grammostola rosea (Walckenaer, 1837) – Bolivia, Chile, Argentina
Grammostola subvulpina (Strand, 1906) – South America
Grammostola vachoni Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1961 – Argentina

In synonymy

G. argentinensis Strand, 1907 = Grammostola rosea (Walckenaer, 1837)
G. aureostriata Schmidt & Bullmer, 2001 = Grammostola pulchripes (Simon, 1891)
G. australis Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1948 = Grammostola inermis Mello-Leitão, 1941
G. brevimetatarsis Strand, 1907 = Grammostola actaeon (Pocock, 1903)
G. cala Chamberlin, 1917 = Grammostola rosea (Walckenaer, 1837)
G. fasciata Mello-Leitão, 1921 = Grammostola grossa (Ausserer, 1871)
G. ferruginea Mello-Leitão, 1921 = Grammostola grossa (Ausserer, 1871)
G. fossor Schmidt, 2001 = Grammostola vachoni Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1961
G. gigantea Mello-Leitão, 1921 = Grammostola iheringi (Keyserling, 1891)
G. grandicola Strand, 1908 = Grammostola grossa (Ausserer, 1871)
G. longimana Mello-Leitão, 1921 = Grammostola anthracina (C. L. Koch, 1842)
G. mollicoma (Ausserer, 1875) = Grammostola anthracina (C. L. Koch, 1842)
G. roquettei Mello-Leitão, 1921 = Grammostola anthracina (C. L. Koch, 1842)
G. schulzei (Schmidt, 1994) = Grammostola vachoni Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1961
G. spatulata (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) = Grammostola rosea (Walckenaer, 1837)

Transferred to other genera

Grammostola familiaris (Bertkau, 1880) → Homoeomma familiare

Nomen dubium

Grammostola monticola (Strand, 1907) - Bolivia

Gallery

Grammostola rosea
Grammostola pulchra
Grammostola pulchripes (aureostriata)

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Gloor, Daniel; Nentwig, Wolfgang; Blick, Theo; Kropf, Christian (2020). "Gen. Grammostola Simon, 1892". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
^ Schmidt, G. (1994). "Das Männchen von Tapinauchenius gigas di Caporiacco, 1954 (Araneida: Theraphosidae: Aviculariinae)". Arachnologisches Magazin. 2 (5): 5.
^ Bertani, R.; Fukushima, C. S. (2004). "Polyspinosa Schmidt, 1999 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Eumenophorinae) is a synonym of Grammostola Simon, 1892 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae)". Revista Ibérica de Aracnología. 9: 330.
^ Raven, R. J. (1985). "The spider infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): Cladistics and systematics". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 182: 159.
^ Simon, E (1892). Histoire naturelle des araignées. Paris: Roret. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.51973.
^ Muller-Esnault, Susan, DVM. "Rose Hair Tarantulas or Chilean Rose Hair" (2008). http://www.critterology.com/rose_hair_tarantulas_or_chilean_rose_hair-192.html

External links

Rehak, Ondrej, "Gallery of tarantulas", Tarantula breeding, retrieved 2016-01-24 – includes Grammostola species
LiveScience Wild Tarantula Eats a Foot-Long Snake in a FirstError: "Q139240" is not a valid Wikidata entity ID.

[NMBE-1] Gloor, Daniel; Nentwig, Wolfgang; Blick, Theo; Kropf, Christian (2020). "Gen. Grammostola Simon, 1892". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2020-04-12.

[Schm1994-2] Schmidt, G. (1994). "Das Männchen von Tapinauchenius gigas di Caporiacco, 1954 (Araneida: Theraphosidae: Aviculariinae)". Arachnologisches Magazin. 2 (5): 5.

[Bert2004-3] Bertani, R.; Fukushima, C. S. (2004). "Polyspinosa Schmidt, 1999 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Eumenophorinae) is a synonym of Grammostola Simon, 1892 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae)". Revista Ibérica de Aracnología. 9: 330.

[Rave1985-4] Raven, R. J. (1985). "The spider infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): Cladistics and systematics". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 182: 159.

[Simo1892-5] Simon, E (1892). Histoire naturelle des araignées. Paris: Roret. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.51973.

[Muller-6] Muller-Esnault, Susan, DVM. "Rose Hair Tarantulas or Chilean Rose Hair" (2008). http://www.critterology.com/rose_hair_tarantulas_or_chilean_rose_hair-192.html

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