Foothill Transit

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Foothill Transit
Foothill Transit Logo.gif
Foothill Transit bus.jpg
Foothill Transit bus in Los Angeles
ParentFoothill Transit Agency
Founded1988
Headquarters100 South Vincent Ave
West Covina, California
Service areaSan Gabriel and Pomona Valleys
Service typeTransit bus
Routes39[1]
Fleet376 buses[1]
Daily ridership26,900 (weekdays, Q2 2022)[2]
Annual ridership5,566,300 (2021)[3]
Fuel typeCNG, battery electric
OperatorTransdev (Irwindale Yard)[4]
Keolis (Pomona Yard)[5]
Chief executiveDoran J. Barnes
Websitefoothilltransit.org

Foothill Transit is a public transit agency that is government funded by 22 member cities in the San Gabriel and Pomona valleys. It operates a fixed-route bus public transit service in the San Gabriel Valley region of eastern Los Angeles County, California, United States, as well as the very far western tip cities of neighboring San Bernardino County. In 2021, the system had a ridership of 5,566,300, or about 26,900 per weekday as of the second quarter of 2022.

Overview

Foothill Transit Key Locations
1
Headquarters (100 S Vincent)
2
Pomona Yard (200 S East End)
3
Irwindale/Arcadia Yard (5640 Peck)

Foothill Transit operates out of two yards: one in Pomona (opened in 1997), and the other in Arcadia (opened in 2002); the administrative offices moved to West Covina in 2007.[6] The Foothill Transit joint powers authority membership consists of elected representatives from 22 member cities in the San Gabriel Valley and Pomona Valley and three members appointed from the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors.[7] These representatives are divided into five geographical clusters, which each elect a representative annually to serve on a five-member Executive Board.[8]

Foothill Transit Organization[9]
Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3 Cluster 4 Cluster 5
Claremont Azusa Arcadia El Monte LA County Supervisors
La Verne Baldwin Park Bradbury Diamond Bar
Pomona Covina Duarte Industry
San Dimas Glendora Monrovia La Puente
Walnut Irwindale Pasadena South El Monte
  West Covina Temple City  

Origins

Los Angeles County Supervisor Pete Schabarum is credited with the formation of the transit agency. Schabarum, annoyed by what he saw as disproportionate cutbacks of bus service by the Southern California Rapid Transit District (SCRTD) in the San Gabriel Valley,[10] wanted to secede from the larger agency and form a separate transit agency as early as 1986.[11] Compared to routes serving more densely-populated areas, routes in the San Gabriel and Pomona Valleys required greater subsidies to serve fewer riders on longer freeway alignments in eastern Los Angeles County.[12]

Foothill was initially founded by 20 member cities;[11] Pasadena voted to join in 1998.[13] In 1987, the Los Angeles County Transportation Commission (LACTC) approved Foothill to take over fourteen routes which serviced the San Gabriel Valley that were currently operated by SCRTD.[6] Although service was planned to start on July 1, 1988,[14] the Foothill Transit Zone had been prevented from starting service in July by an injunction arising from a lawsuit filed by the drivers and mechanics unions (United Transportation and Amalgamated Transit Unions) of SCRTD against LACTC.[12] Los Angeles Superior Court Judge Eli Chernow ruled that LACTC could not unilaterally transfer the lines without the consent of the SCRTD board of directors. The injunction was upheld on appeal.[15]

LACTC had begun withholding $9 million per month from SCRTD in April 1988 on the basis that SCRTD had not followed salary guidelines set by LACTC; SCRTD replied that LACTC, under the leadership of its chairman (Schabarum), was holding the funds hostage to pressure SCRTD to release the lines to Foothill Transit.[11] SCRTD consented to Foothill Transit taking over the bus lines in December 1988 in return for the restoration of funding.[16] Those first two lines operated by Foothill Transit were 495 and 498.[6]

The trial for the lawsuit against Foothill Transit started in May 1989,[10] was resolved in Foothill's favor by July,[16] and the other twelve lines previously operated by SCRTD were transitioned to Foothill Transit between 1989 and 1992.[6][17] For a short period in 1992, the last two routes to transition (486 and 488) were operated by both Foothill Transit and SCRTD during continued legal disputes.[12] The drivers and mechanics unions disputed the transfer of 486 and 488 since SCRTD had made the decision without negotiating with the union; an arbitrator held up the unions' argument, which led to duplicated service on those lines, as "Foothill Transit [had] the legal right to operate buses on the contested routes, but the [SCRTD had] the legal obligation to do so", and the union planned to use that precedent to roll back service to SCRTD on all fourteen lines.[12] However, Foothill Transit again prevailed in a February 1993 court ruling.[18]

Contract labor

Schabarum, who hated the influence of trade unions, chose to use contractors to operate the service.[19] All of the operations and maintenance work for Foothill Transit are contracted out. As of 2017, bus service is operated by Keolis at Pomona and Transdev at Arcadia/Irwindale.

Embree Bus Lines was the initial contractor that operated the first two lines for Foothill starting in December 1988.[16] The hourly operating cost under Foothill Transit was reduced by up to half compared to service under SCRTD, and ridership grew, but the contract operator drivers generally earned less in both wages and fringe benefits, and had less influence over working conditions. In addition, Foothill Transit was not required to provide typical rider services such as schedules, bus stops, transit police, or telephone information.[12] During the 1992 Los Angeles riot, Foothill Transit terminated service at El Monte rather than continue on to downtown Los Angeles.[12] Over the first five years, Foothill Transit consistently saved money compared to SCRTD's historical costs.[18] In 1994, Foothill reported their hourly cost of operations was $55, compared to $93 for the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Metro), with a farebox recovery ratio of 48% (compared to 32% for Metro) at a lower fare of $0.85 (compared to $1.10 for Metro, which was scheduled to increase to $1.35 later that year). In addition, Foothill reported an accident rate of 0.3 per 100,000 mi (160,000 km) traveled, compared to Metro's rate of 3.3 per 100,000 mi (160,000 km), although Metro's accident rate was skewed by older buses and more dense traffic in its operating area.[19]

Foothill executives made the service essentially strike-proof by insisting that two different companies operate the two bus yards, even if it would cost more in the short term. By 1998, Foothill's contractors were Laidlaw and Ryder/ATE.[20] However, due to bus industry consolidation, First Transit operated both yards from 2001 to mid-2007. Currently, both Foothill Transit yards are represented by unions (Arcadia by the Amalgamated Transit Union and Pomona by the Teamsters Union), but past strikes at the agency have been less than successful due to the ability of one yard to operate the other yard's service.[21][22] In addition, wages are less at Foothill than at other transit operators in the region.[12]

The contract operator drivers at Foothill were also represented by the Teamsters, but a 1994 Los Angeles Times article reported they earned an average of $11 per hour, compared to the average $18.45 per hour earned by Metro drivers.[19] A representative of the union representing Metro's drivers, the United Transportation Union, accused Foothill of not paying its drivers a living wage; the president of the company that was then contracted to manage Foothill, William P. Forsythe, stated the US$20,000 (equivalent to $37,000 in 2021) typical annual pay of a Foothill driver "isn't bad for a service industry job" and admitted it wasn't fair "compared to MTA, but they've been overpaying for years."[19] In January 1995, the Los Angeles Times reported the majority of the 150 drivers for Laidlaw made $8.50 per hour; those drivers, represented by the Teamsters, rejected a proposed contract that offered no wage increases.[23]

Laidlaw, which was responsible for approximately half of Foothill's fleet, operated out of the Upland Yard. The first strike against Foothill Transit started when Laidlaw drivers walked off in February 1996, asking for an immediate $1/hour raise and full medical coverage. Teamsters Local 848 officials stated that drivers could not afford private health insurance, and had to rely on county services instead. Foothill's other contractor was not affected and continued normal operations during the strike.[21] The strike ended after thirteen days, when drivers accepted a 3% pay raise with no health coverage on a one-year contract under the threat they would be fired and replaced if they did not return to work.[24] Shortly after the expiration of the contract, Laidlaw drivers went on strike again in June 1997, but that strike was settled within hours, as most drivers were no longer represented by the union.[22] The reported average wages in 1998 was $9.30 per hour for Ryder/ATE drivers (represented by the Teamsters), and $9.06 per hour for Laidlaw drivers (who had previously voted to become an open shop).[20]

Effective July 1, 2013, due to expiration of the existing management services contract and continuing conflicts of interest between the executive director, staff, and board, Foothill Transit transitioned to in house management. Executive Director Doran Barnes became the first full-time Foothill employee, and planning, procurement, and other administrative functions became Foothill functions as well.[7] Transdev (formerly Veolia) staff continues to operate the transit stores and maintain bus shelters.[25]

The last two lines operated by Metro (SCRTD's successor) in the eastern San Gabriel Valley were turned over to Foothill in 2016.[26]

In 2017, Foothill Transit hired two new contractors, Keolis and Transdev, both of which are French transportation companies, to manage both of their bus storage yards. Keolis took over First Transit's role in managing the Pomona Yard[5] and Transdev took over First Transit's, and previously MV Transportation's, role in managing the Irwindale Yard.[4]

Environmental initiatives

In 2002, Foothill Transit began purchasing Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) powered buses.[6] In 2010, Foothill Transit was the first transit system to operate an all-electric battery-powered bus from Proterra.[6] By 2013, when the last diesel-powered 2000–2001 Gillig Advantage buses were retired,[7] Foothill Transit became around a 90 percent CNG fleet. 10 percent of the fleet is electric.

Foothill Transit's main goal is to be fully electric by 2030.[27] On January 25, 2021, Foothill Transit received its first two all-electric double-decker buses, which were made by Alexander Dennis in the United Kingdom.[28]

Other services

Foothill Transit provides shuttle service for UCLA Football games, the annual Rose Bowl Game, and other special events at the Rose Bowl from the Parsons Corporation parking lot, located on Walnut St. and Fair Oaks Avenue in Pasadena.[29]

Funding

Foothill Transit is mainly funded by local sales tax revenue, with 75% coming from Los Angeles County Propositions A and C, California State Transportation Development Act, and the State Transit Assistance Fund. The remaining 25% comes from farebox revenue.[1]

Routes

All service operated as of October 22, 2017, reflecting service changes effective October 22, 2017.

Express routes

Express services operate weekdays only in the peak direction, excluding the Silver Streak.

Route Terminals via Notes
Downtown LA
Grand Av/Olive St & Olympic Bl
Montclair
Montclair Transcenter
El Monte Busway, I-10 24-hour service.
490
Downtown LA
Figueroa St & 9th St
Glendora
Grand Ave Park & Ride
El Monte Busway, I-10, Grand Av Reduced service December 24 – 31.
493
Downtown LA
Hope St & 9th St
Rowland Heights
Colima Rd & Fairway Dr
El Monte Busway, I-10, I-605, SR 60, Colima Rd. Service may operate on Valley Bl if SR 60 is congested. Reduced service December 24 – 31.
495
Downtown LA
Hope St & 9th St
City of Industry
Industry City Hall Park & Ride
I-10, I-605, SR 60, Brea Canyon Rd Service may operate on Valley Bl if SR 60 is congested. Reduced service December 24 – 31.
498
Downtown LA
Figueroa St & 9th St
City of Industry
Industry City Hall Park & Ride
El Monte Busway, I-10, Reduced service December 24 – 31.
499
Downtown LA
Figueroa St & 9th St
San Dimas
San Dimas Park and Ride
El Monte Busway, I-10, San Dimas Av Reduced service December 24 – 31.
699
Downtown LA
Figueroa St & 9th St
Montclair
Montclair Transcenter
El Monte Busway, I-10 Reduced service December 24 – 31.

Local routes

Route Terminals via Notes
178
El Monte
El Monte Station
City of Industry
Puente Hills Mall
Los Angeles St, Pacific Av, Valinda Av, Nogales St, Colima Rd Selected trips serve the Baldwin Park Metrolink Station
185
Azusa
Azusa Intermodal Transit Center
City of Industry
Puente Hills Mall
Irwindale Av, Glendora Av, Hacienda Bl, Colima Rd
187
Pasadena
Raymond Av & Walnut St
Azusa
Azusa Intermodal Transit Center
Colorado Bl, Foothill Bl, Rosemead Bl, Huntington Dr, Foothill Bl Serves Santa Anita Park, Arcadia Methodist Hospital and Westfield Santa Anita Mall on Huntington Dr between Rosemead Bl & Santa Anita Av, replacing Colorado Bl/Place between Rosemead Bl & Huntington Dr.
188
Azusa
Azusa Intermodal Transit Center
Montclair
Montclair Transcenter
Rt 66, Foothill Bl
190
El Monte
El Monte Station
Pomona
Cal Poly Pomona
Ramona Bl Short line trips terminate or originate at the Eastland Centre in West Covina
194
El Monte
El Monte Station
Pomona
Cal Poly Pomona
Valley Bl Short line trips terminate or originate at Valley Bl & Lemon Av in the City of Walnut
195
Pomona
Valley Bl & Humane Way
Pomona
Pomona Transit Center
Temple Av, Rio Rancho Rd, Reservoir St Serves Cal Poly Pomona
197
Montclair
Montclair Transcenter
Pomona
Pomona Transit Center
Arrow Hwy, White Av, Fairplex Dr, Orange Grove Av
269
El Monte
El Monte Station
Montebello
Montebello Town Center
Santa Anita Av, Durfee Av
270
El Monte
El Monte Station
Arcadia
Arcadia L Line Station
Peck Rd, Myrtle Av, Primrose Av, Foothill Bl
272
Duarte
Duarte/City of Hope station
West Covina
West Covina Mall
Buena Vista St, Baldwin Park Bl, Merced Av

Selected trips serve the Baldwin Park Metrolink Station.

274
Whittier
Beverly Bl & Norwalk Bl
Baldwin Park Metrolink Station Workman Mill Rd, Puente Av
280
Azusa
Azusa Intermodal Transit Center
City of Industry
Puente Hills Mall
Azusa Av
281
Glendora
APU/Citrus College station
City of Industry
Puente Hills Mall
Citrus Av, Cameron Av, Sunset Av, Gale Av
282
El Monte
El Monte Station
City of Industry
Puente Hills Mall
Valley Bl, 7th Av, Gale Av, Colima Rd
284
Glendora
Rt 66 & Grand Av
West Covina
Westfield Eastland
Foothill Bl, Lone Hill Av

Service operates weekday and weekend peak hours only

285
City of Industry
Puente Hills Mall
La Habra
Beach Bl & La Habra Bl
Hacienda Bl, Colima Rd, Whitter Bl Service operates weekday and weekend peak hours only
286
Pomona
Pomona Transit Center
Brea
Brea Mall
Mission Bl, Diamond Bar Bl, 57 Freeway
289
City of Industry
Puente Hills Mall
Pomona
Cal Poly Pomona
Colima Rd, La Puente Rd
291
La Verne
Foothill Bl & White Av
Pomona
Pomona Market Place
Garey Av, Foothill Bl Serves Pomona Transit Center (PTC).

Line 291 is fully electrified using Proterra fast-charge buses, which charge each time they return to PTC.[30]

292
Pomona
Pomona Transit Center
Claremont
Claremont Transit Center
Towne Av, Foothill Bl, Baseline Rd
480
West Covina
Westfield West Covina
Montclair
Montclair Transcenter
Walnut, Mission Bl, Indian Hill Bl Serves Pomona
Cal Poly Pomona, Mt. San Antonio College, and the Pomona Transit Center
482
City of Industry
Puente Hills Mall
Pomona
Pomona Transit Center
Colima Rd, Mission Bl, Golden Springs Dr, Diamond Bar Bl, Serves Pomona
Cal Poly Pomona

Selected weekday trips serve Gateway Circle and the Industry Park & Ride.

486
El Monte
El Monte Station
Pomona
Cal Poly Pomona
Garvey Av, Amar Rd
488
El Monte
El Monte Station
Glendora
APU/Citrus College station
Ramona Bl, Francisquito Av, Grand Av
492
El Monte
El Monte Station
Montclair
Montclair Transcenter
Santa Anita Av, Arrow Hwy, Bonita Av
690
Azusa
Azusa Intermodal Transit Center
Montclair
Montclair Transcenter
210 Freeway, Foothill Bl
860
Duarte Duarte Huntington Dr, Royal Oaks Dr, Mountain Av (Loop)
861
Duarte Duarte Huntington Dr, Royal Oaks Dr, Mountain Av (Loop)

School supplementary routes

Services operate weekdays only. Schedules subject to change June 1  — September 1 & December 22  — January 3 for Lines 853 and 854.

Route Terminals via Notes
851
West Covina
Westfield Eastland
Glendora
Foothill Bl & Valley Center Av
Glendora Av
853
Diamond Bar
Golden Springs Dr & Copley Dr
Diamond Bar
Diamond Ranch High School
Golden Springs Dr
854
Diamond Bar
Golden Springs Dr & Copley Dr
Diamond Bar
Diamond Ranch High School
Diamond Bar Bl

Bus fleet

Active Fleet

With the retirement of the 2000 and 2001 Gillig Advantage fleet in 2014, the entire current fleet now consists of 100% clean air buses, which either run on electricity or compressed natural gas (CNG). Only about one-tenth of the entire fleet is electric.

Make/Model Fleet Numbers Thumbnail Year Engine Transmission Yard Notes
NABI 42-BRT CNG F1700–F1729
2009 Cummins Westport ISL-G Allison B400R 6 Speed Repainted in the new livery..
NABI 42-BRT CNG F1800–F1811 2010
NABI 42-BRT CNG F1900–F1913 2012
Proterra EcoRide BE35 F2004–F2015
2012 UQM PowerPhase electric motor Borg Warner eGearDrive Pomona (Keolis) Mostly used on Line 291.
Proterra Catalyst BE40 2016–2017 2015
NABI 42-BRT CNG F2100–F2163 2013
NABI 42-BRT CNG F2200–F2229 2014
NABI 42-BRT CNG F2300–F2329 2015
New Flyer XN40 2400–2429
2016 Cummins Westport ISL-G Allison B400R 6 Speed Arcadia (Transdev) & Pomona (Keolis) Features luggage racks & suburban seating.
New Flyer XN40 2500-2529 2017
Proterra Catalyst E2 2600-2613 2017
ElDorado National Axess BRT 40’ CNG 2700–2733
Foothill Transit 2732.jpg
2018 Cummins Westport L9N Allison B3400xFE
ElDorado National Axess BRT 40’ CNG 2734–2744 2020 Cummins Westport L9N Allison B3400xFE
ElDorado National Axess BRT 40’ CNG 2745-2762 2021 Cummins Westport L9N Allison B3400xFE
Proterra Catalyst BE35 2800-2802 2018 UQM HD220 Eaton EEV-7202 Used on DuartE Bus Blue & Green Route (860 & 861)
ElDorado National Axess BRT 35’ CNG 2803-2804 2021 Cummins Westport L9N Allison B3400xFE
New Flyer XN60 2900–2923 2020 Cummins Westport L9N Allison B3400xFE Arcadia (Transdev) Replaced the NABI 60-BRTs. Entered service September 2020.
ADL/Proterra Enviro500EV 3000-3001 2020 Proterra Arcadia (Transdev) Mostly used on the Silver Streak.

On Order

Make/Model Fleet Numbers Thumbnail Engine Transmission Notes
New Flyer XHE40 (20 Buses)

Retired

Make/Model Fleet Numbers Thumbnail Year Engine Transmission Yard Notes
Ford/ElDorado Econoline/Falcon L100-L110 1987 Ford Triton V10 Ford C-4

References

  1. ^ a b c "Fast Facts". Foothill Transit. Retrieved April 16, 2016.
  2. ^ "Transit Ridership Report Second Quarter 2022" (PDF). American Public Transportation Association. August 29, 2022. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
  3. ^ "Transit Ridership Report Fourth Quarter 2021" (PDF). American Public Transportation Association. March 10, 2022. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  4. ^ a b "Transdev Awarded Contract Renewal for Foothill Transit" (Press release). Transdev. July 8, 2016. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  5. ^ a b "Keolis Transit Services awarded eight-year contract to provide operations and maintenance for Foothill Transit-Pomona" (Press release). Keolis Transit Services. April 26, 2017. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Foothill Transit Fiscal Year 2013 Business Plan – Adopted (PDF) (Report). Foothill Transit. May 9, 2012. p. 9. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  7. ^ a b c Foothill Transit Fiscal Year 2014–2015 Business Plan & Budget – Proposed (PDF) (Report). Foothill Transit. May 21, 2014. pp. 15–16. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  8. ^ "Member Profile: Foothill Transit". California Transit Association. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  9. ^ "About: Organization". Foothill Transit. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
  10. ^ a b Quintana, Craig (May 18, 1989). "Foothill Transit Trial Begins: 2 RTD Unions Argue for Breakup of Local Bus Agency Zone". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  11. ^ a b c Quintana, Craig (November 6, 1988). "Foothill Transit Again Seeks Zone as RTD Wrestles with Money Ills". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g Stein, Mark A. (July 25, 1992). "Bus Double Take : Embattled RTD, Foothill Transit Lines Offer Duplicate Service". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
  13. ^ "Council Seeks to Join Foothill Transit Service". Los Angeles Times. November 4, 1998. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  14. ^ Quintana, Craig (July 31, 1988). "Fledgling Foothill Transit Zone Forced Into Waiting Game by Two Court Losses". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  15. ^ Quintana, Craig (July 28, 1988). "Foothill Transit 'in Limbo' After 2 Legal Setbacks". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  16. ^ a b c Quintana, Craig (July 20, 1989). "Judge Rules for Foothill Transit in RTD Lawsuit". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  17. ^ "San Gabriel Valley: Foothill Transit Takes Over 2 RTD Bus Lines". Los Angeles Times. June 23, 1992. Retrieved July 19, 2018. Foothill Transit began servicing the [486 and 488] lines Sunday, completing a 1988 Los Angeles Transportation Commission plan for them to take over 14 RTD lines.
  18. ^ a b "Los Angeles County: Ruling Favoring Foothill Transit Ends Bus Dispute". Los Angeles Times. February 3, 1993. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
  19. ^ a b c d Rutten, Tim; Muir, Frederick M. (August 2, 1994). "News Analysis: Privately Run Foothill Transit a Strike Winner". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
  20. ^ a b Leeds, Jeff (April 12, 1998). "Privatization: a Route to Better Bus Service?". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on July 1, 2013. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  21. ^ a b Simon, Richard (February 23, 1996). "Dozens of Foothill Transit Buses Idled by Drivers Strike". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  22. ^ a b "Strike by Foothill Transit Bus Drivers Settled Within Hours". Los Angeles Times. June 5, 1997. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  23. ^ Jacobs, Chip (January 26, 1995). "Strike May Idle Foothill Transit Buses". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  24. ^ Winton, Richard (March 6, 1996). "Threatened With Job Loss, Bus Drivers Vote to End Strike". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  25. ^ Scauzillo, Steve (May 25, 2013). "Foothill Transit shed management contract with outside firm". San Gabriel Valley Tribune. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  26. ^ Hobbs, Charles P. (July 7, 2016). "Metro's Last SGV Holdouts go Blue and White – Foothill Transit Takes Lines #190 and #194". More than Red Cars. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  27. ^ "Foothill Transit announces all electric bus fleet by 2030" (Press release). Foothill Transit. May 24, 2016. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  28. ^ "Foothill Transit Electric Double Decker Bus Arrives in SGV After Atlantic and Cross-Country Travel". Streetsblog Los Angeles. January 25, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
  29. ^ "Rose Bowl Shuttle Service". Foothill Transit. May 15, 2018. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  30. ^ Eudy, Leslie; Jeffers, Matthew (May 2018). Foothill Transit Battery Electric Bus Progress Report (PDF) (Report). National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Retrieved July 13, 2018.

External links