Ecological systems of Montana

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Multiple ecosystems in Gallatin National Forest

There are 62 named Ecological Systems found in Montana[1] These systems are described in the Montana Field Guides-Ecological Systems of Montana.[2]

An ecosystem is a biological environment consisting of all the organisms living in a particular area, as well as all the nonliving, physical components of the environment with which the organisms interact, such as air, soil, water and sunlight.[3] It is all the organisms in a given area, along with the nonliving (abiotic) factors with which they interact; a biological community and its physical environment.[3]

Forest and Woodland Systems

Alpine Systems

Shrubland, Steppe and Savanna Systems

Grassland Systems

Sparse and Barren Systems

Open Water/Wetland and Riparian Systems

Further reading

  • Comer, P.; Faber-Langendoen, D.; Evans, R.; Gawler, S.; Josse, C.; Kittel, G.; Menard, S.; Pyne, M.; Reid, M.; Schulz, K.; Snow, K.; Teague, J. (June 2003). Ecological Systems of the United States: A Working Classification of U.S. Terrestrial Systems (PDF) (Report). Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe.
  • Noss, Reed F.; LaRoe, Edward T., III; Scott, J. Michael (1995). Endangered Ecosystems of the United States: A Preliminary Assessment of Loss and Degradation (Report). National Biological Service. Archived from the original on 2008-05-09. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  • Management of riparian and wetland forested ecosystems in Montana: fourth annual Montana Riparian Association Workshop, September 5-7, 1990. Missoula, Montana: School of Forestry, University of Montana. 1990.
  • Schmitz, Oswald J. (2010). Resolving Ecosystem Complexity. Monographs in population Biology - 47. Princeton University Press. ISBN 1-4008-3417-1.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Ecological Systems Field Guide Help". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  2. ^ "Montana Field Guides". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  3. ^ a b ”Biology Concepts & Connections Sixth Edition”, Campbell, Neil A. (2009), page 2, 3 and G-9. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
  4. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Mesic Montane Mixed Conifer Forest". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  5. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Subalpine Mesic Spruce-Fir Forest and Woodland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  6. ^ "Montana Field Guide- Great Plains Ponderosa Pine Woodland and Savanna". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  7. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Dry-Mesic Montane Mixed Conifer Forest". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  8. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Foothill Limber Pine - Juniper Woodland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  9. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Foothill Woodland-Steppe Transition". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  10. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Lodgepole Pine Forest". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  11. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Montane Douglas-Fir Forest and Woodland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  12. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Ponderosa Pine Woodland and Savanna". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  13. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Poor Site Lodgepole Pine Forest". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  14. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Subalpine Dry-Mesic Spruce-Fir Forest and Woodland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  15. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Subalpine Woodland and Parkland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  16. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Aspen Forest and Woodland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  17. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Great Plains Wooded Draw and Ravine". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  18. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Mountain Mahogany Woodland and Shrubland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  19. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Aspen Mixed Conifer Forest-Woodland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  20. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Alpine Dwarf Shrubland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  21. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Alpine Turf". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  22. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Alpine Bedrock and Scree". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  23. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Alpine Fell-Field". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  24. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Alpine Ice Field". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  25. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Great Plains Shrubland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  26. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Lower Montane-Foothill Shrubland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  27. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Montane-Foothill Deciduous Shrubland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  28. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Subalpine Deciduous Shrubland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  29. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Big Sagebrush Steppe". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  30. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Montane Sagebrush Steppe". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  31. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Big Sagebrush Shrubland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  32. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Low Sagebrush Shrubland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  33. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Mat Saltbush Shrubland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  34. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Mixed Salt Desert Scrub". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  35. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Great Plains Mixedgrass Prairie". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  36. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Great Plains Sand Prairie". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  37. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Lower Montane, Foothill and Valley Grassland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  38. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Subalpine-Montane Mesic Meadow". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  39. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Subalpine-Upper Montane Grassland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  40. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Active and Stabilized Dune". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  41. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Great Plains Badlands". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  42. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Shale Badland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  43. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Great Plains Cliff and Outcrop". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  44. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Cliff, Canyon and Massive Bedrock". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  45. ^ "Montana Field Guide- Wyoming Basins Cliff and Canyon". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  46. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Subalpine-Montane Fen". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  47. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Great Plains Closed Depressional Wetland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  48. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Great Plains Open Freshwater Depression Wetland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  49. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Great Plains Prairie Pothole". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  50. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Great Plains Saline Depression Wetland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  51. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Wooded Vernal Pool". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  52. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Greasewood Flat". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  53. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Great Plains Floodplain". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  54. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Great Plains Riparian". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  55. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Northern Rocky Mountain Lower Montane Riparian Woodland and Shrubland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  56. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Lower Montane-Foothill Riparian Woodland and Shrubland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  57. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Subalpine-Montane Riparian Shrubland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  58. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Subalpine-Montane Riparian Woodland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  59. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Conifer Swamp". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  60. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Emergent Marsh". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  61. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Geysers and Hot Springs". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  62. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Open Water". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  63. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Alpine-Montane Wet Meadow". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
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